1Circumcision:
(Terminology) Nirvana is the old translation of extinction. The new translation is "the silence of the world". The meaning of the fulfillment of all virtues and the extinction of all evils. That is to say, away from the suffering of birth and death, all the quiet and marvelous happiness, the ultimate fruit of virtue. In this so-called away from the suffering of life and death, sage life, for the round silence, that is, into the nirvana. Baoshu Sutra 56 says: 'I seek to be silent and rid myself of desire.' Dzonglun thesis said: 'the supreme dharma king, long into complete silence.' The book of the description of consciousness says: 'The Western Brahmins say Poli anonymous bondage. Poli is also round. The anonymity of the mumble, the word silence. That is, the perfect body of the meaning of silence and extinction. The old cloud nirvana, sound blackout also.' The Sage's Heart Sutra says: 'Nirvana. This is the term for complete silence. It is said that there is no lack of virtue, and it is called roundness. The obstacles are not endless, the name is silent.'
FROM:Buddhist Dictionary
Dictionary explanation:
2. Nirvana
This cloud is a great circle of silence, the publication of the quasi-(quasi-doubtful) theory of knowledge that there are four kinds of nirvana: First, the pure nirvana of the self-nature, the same as all the saints; Second, there is a residual dependence on the barrier of the trouble, there is suffering dependent on the body; Third, there is no residual dependence on the body, out of the suffering of death and misery, no dependence on the reason. However, the Hinayana takes the ashes of the body and the extinction of the intellect as the non-remaining. There are three types of non-residue: first, the residue of worries; second, the residue of karma; and third, the residue of fruits and rewards. The Mahayana takes the ultimate treasure as the non-remaining, so the Treatise on Wisdom says that the troubles of the four abodes are all over, which is the name of the remaining dependence; and the fourth, the non-abiding place of sorrow and wisdom, which does not abide in the Nirvana of birth and death, that is, the non-remaining of the Mahayana. Among the four kinds, no dwelling place nirvana also, that is, does not live in the bodhisattva changeable life and death, does not live in the ash cut off nirvana, that is, the true non-residence, called the non-remainder.
Nirvana is the transliteration of the Sanskrit word nirvana, meaning "extinction" and "silence". Or from the Sanskrit word Parinivana translated as "complete silence". "Nirvana is the highest state of Buddhist practice. Simply put, "Nirvana" means that after practicing Buddhist monasticism, one is able to completely break away from worries and possess all the merits and virtues, transcending the cycle of birth and death, and entering into "non-birth and non-perishability". As stated in Volume 4 of the Nirvana Sutra, "The extinction of all troubles is called Nirvana; and those who are free from all existence (meaning birth and death) are Nirvana." As stated in Wei Shu Shi Lao Zhi: "Nirvana is translated as extinction, or everlasting happiness and purity, and is free from all kinds of suffering." Later called the death of monks as nirvana, round silence. In literature, for example, Guo Moruo wrote a long poem called "Nirvana of the Phoenix," borrowing the Buddhist word "nirvana," which means that the phoenix is reborn after being tempered by the fire. Another example is Xu Chi's "Phoenix in the Fire", which says: "This is a phoenix in the fire, a newborn phoenix, it is nirvana in the midst of the fire, but newborn from the ashes
Bath of fire: reborn after the burning of the fire, a metaphor for the spirit of indomitable struggle, and a strong will.