(1) Ancient China's handicraft production has a long history, high technology, exquisite craftsmanship, and excellent quality, and has long ranked among the world's top. (2) Multiple modes of operation coexisted for a long time. Before the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, the handicraft industry by the government unified management, after the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, the formation of government-run handicraft industry private handicraft industry, cottage industry coexisted for a long time. (3) The government-run handicraft industry has a wide range of production, large scale, detailed division of labor, representing the highest level of production technology, and has been occupying the dominant position of the ancient handicraft industry before the pre-Ming Dynasty. (4) The private handicraft industry emerged in the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States period, and was mainly carried out in the form of farmers' family by-products and small workshops in towns and cities before the Tang Dynasty, and has been developed significantly since the Tang and Song Dynasties, and has surpassed the government-run handicraft industry by the mid-Ming Dynasty, occupying the dominant position, and in some parts of the industry, has become the most important industry in the world. Occupy a dominant position, and in some sectors began to appear in the emergence of the "machine household capital, machine workers to contribute", "counting the value of labor" type of employment labor relations of the bud of capitalism.
The main characteristics of ancient Chinese commerce
One is that the commercial development in different periods of ancient China showed different characteristics. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, there was the first peak of commercial development in China. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, domestic trade, border trade and foreign trade flourished in an all-round way; paper money appeared at the earliest, and the development of ancient commerce stepped into a new peak. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, a large number of commercial towns sprang up, silver became the currency in general circulation, and regional merchant groups such as Huishang and Jin merchants were formed, making the commercial development of the Ming and Qing dynasties appear many new features. Secondly, the development of ancient Chinese cities was characterized by different features along with the development of commerce and trade. Qin, Han and Tang, in Kyoto, counties, counties where the country is located in the county, more than one government in the designated areas set up and managed by the government of the "city" (a fixed place for commodity trading), and the residents live in the "Ri", "Fang" strictly separate. The city was strictly separated from the "li" and "fang" where the residents lived. After the Song Dynasty, the boundaries of the market system were broken. Thirdly, the fate of commerce and merchants in ancient China was always related to the government's commercial policy. Since the Warring States period, the policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce had been implemented, and the social and political status of merchants in ancient China was low. The policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing business during the Ming and Qing dynasties did seriously hinder the growth of new economic factors.