The performance forms and stylistic characteristics of the ryange song
The ryange song has a long history, according to the Qing Dynasty Wu Xiqi, "There is a positive taste of the collection", "ryange song, the Southern Song Dynasty Lantern Festival of the village of the field of music is also. Playing monks, play the male, play the flower drums, pull the flower sister, Tian Gong, fisherman's wife, the state of the goods, miscellaneous light art, in order to get the viewer's laughter." From this, it can be seen that the rice-planting songs have a history of almost a thousand years.
The development and evolution of the rice-planting song has gone through three stages, namely, from a small song accompanied by labor life to independent folk song and dance singing, and from song and dance singing gradually to the transition to a small opera. The content of the songs are mostly myths, legends and folk stories. It has the content of rebelling against the feudal rule and glorifying the peasants' uprising. Yangge expresses the love of men and women boldly and frankly, and has been forbidden by the feudal dynasties and has been banned time and again. In modern times, Yangge has had greater development, especially in 1942, in the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area set off a mass "new Yangge movement", creating a revolutionary content, the form of healthy new Yangge. Such as rice-planting opera "brother and sister to open up the land", "husband and wife literacy" and so on.
After 1949, the activities of rice-planting songs were not limited to traditional festivals, and there were rice-planting songs performed in various celebratory gatherings. Rice-planting songs have become the reserved programs often performed by some professional singing and dancing groups, such as Northeast Rice-planting Songs, Shandong Drums Rice-planting Songs, and Red Silk Dance, Waist Encouragement, etc., which are derived from the rice-planting songs.
The performance form of Yangge can be divided into ground Yangge (on foot on the ground singing and dancing) and stilts (legs tied to wooden stilts, feet on wooden stilts singing and dancing, also known as "stilts") two kinds. Generally by more than ten people to dozens of people, the dancers dressed as life and myths and legends of the field, interspersed with a variety of small field. The big field is a collective dance, led by one or two dancers who lead the rice-planting team to dance and walk in various formation patterns, such as "Two Dragons Spitting Whiskers", "Rolling Cabbage Hearts", "Door Rotor", etc. The basic movements of the rice-planting song are waving, dancing, and dancing. The basic movements of the rice-planting song are waving arms and jumping, twisting the waist and shaking the shoulders, one step and one beat, with four beats as a group, the first three beats marching forward, and the second beat taking a step back. Small field for two or three people dance and song and dance small theater performance.
In addition, there is a relatively simple plot of singing Yangge mini opera, singing mostly a play a song, or a small song sung together; there are also absorbed the components of local opera, developed into a structure similar to the plate cavity. There are not many percussion pieces, commonly used are "Three Points of Water", "Kill Drums and Gongs", "Old Three Piles", "Phoenix Nodding", "Shisanjin", etc. The suona pieces are commonly used. The suona repertoire commonly used are "Sentence Double", "Full House Red", "Small Turnover", "Catch the Son", "Five Horses", "Willow Shake Gold", "Small Pair of Five" and so on.
The music of the ryong song is generally divided into three parts: (1) small field singing; (2) gongs and drums percussion; (3) suona playing. The latter two parts are mainly used for dancing. The singing includes "leading rice-planting song" (also known as "small rice-planting song") and "walking opera tune". At the beginning of the show, the head of the rice-planting songs sings "small rice-planting songs", which is generally witty and funny, and plays the role of the opening song. The "opera tune" is sung while dancing, and most of them are transplanted from Xiao Xiao, which is an independent tune combined with dancing, with gongs and drums added before and after the last line. The above three parts of the music combined with the rice-planting dance steps, most of the 2/4 beat, individual areas of rapid rice-planting songs also have 4/4 beat.
The performance characteristics of Yangge vary across the country. Northeast Yangge is mainly popular in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and other provinces, of which the representative areas are Yingkou, Fushun, Haicheng, Jinxian, Fuyu and other places. It is mainly sung in the form of small songs, and there are fewer small operas with stories. Generally, there are two to five men and women, with one person leading the singing and all the people singing. The opening song is called "Yangge Liuzi", and the music is high-pitched and spirited. There are more than 50 kinds of ditties sung, among which the most commonly used are "Wujing", "Flying a Kite", "Jasmine Flower" and so on. With a simple plot of the small section of the "Wangwu scolding chickens", "curium vat", "blind man watching the lantern", "Zhangsheng play Yingying", "Jiang Taigong fishing", "the Monkey King and the Eight Precepts of the Pig" and so on. The dances include three categories: big drum rice-planting songs, small drum rice-planting songs and ground rice-planting songs. The first two are on stilts. Ground Rice-planting Song is also known locally as "Ground Avalanche". Performers dress up as various characters such as a silly eunuch, a fisherman, a woodcutter, a field hand, a showman, a Tang monk, and the Monkey King. The performance is divided into flower field, small field, singing happy songs, songs and other programs. In addition to suona and gongs and drums, there are also erhu, flute and bamboo boards. The style of Northeast Yangge is relatively uniform, often characterized by spiciness, fun, enthusiasm and cheerfulness. The rhythm is distinctive and has a strong local color.
Hebei region of the rice-planting song, the most characteristic of the Jizhong rice-planting song. Jizhong Yangge is most famous in Ding County, it is mainly sung in Yangge opera, sung in the shed on the stage, has developed from the form of songs to opera performances. The accompanying instruments are mainly drums, gongs, cymbals and spinners. There are more than 50 kinds of repertoire. Among them, the most local specialties are "Borrowing Female Filial Piety" and "Cui Guangrui Firing Chai". The style of rice-planting songs varies across Hebei, with the simplicity and lyricism of the Jidong rice-planting songs being the most typical.
Nowadays, people's thoughts, aesthetics, emotions, and concepts are developing with the rapid development of this society. As a dancer also y appreciate the progress of society. China has 56 nationalities, Han, Mongolia, Tibet, Fresh, Wei, etc., can imagine the rich and colorful folk dance, but also created a different style of dance. And this style is exactly the key to a good folk dance. Northeast rice-planting song is also the same, has its own specific style, lost this style is no longer a rice-planting dance. Today's Northeast Rice-planting Song has a witty form and a unique style, and the vast black land gives it a pure and bold spirit and style, integrating spiciness, humor, quietness and steadiness, and bringing out the warm and simple character traits of the Northeastern people in the fullest sense of the word. Wave (lively) in stability, wave in play, playful in burgundy, overall summarized as "burgundy, playful, wave. At the same time, a variety of "hand flowers", fast-paced elastic drums, these are the most important features of the Northeast Rice-planting Song.
Origin
Rice Song, originated from agricultural activities. In the ordinary daily labor, the combination of chanting, running, jumping, walking and other movements during the labor, cleverly blended with some folk customs, rituals and other activities in northern Shaanxi, forming the original rice-planting songs.
Popular areas
Rangge is a representative form of Han folk dance. It is mainly popular in the northern part of China. But because of the different areas of circulation, there are Shanbei Yangge, Jinbei Yangge, Northeast Yangge, Henan Yangge, Hebei Yangge, Shandong Jiaozhou Yangge and drums Yangge and so on. In festivals, both urban and rural areas organized rice-planting teams, village neighbors also twisted up rice-planting songs to visit each other, than the song and dance, lively and extraordinary.
Style
This kind of rice-planting songs have different styles and characteristics. Generally, the dancers dress up as various characters and dance with fans, handkerchiefs or colored silks. In the form of performance, the beginning and end of the big field, interspersed with small field. The big field for changing the formation of the collective dance, the small field is performed by two or three people with a simple plot of dance or song and dance, a small opera, some areas will be stilts, dry boat, bamboo horse lanterns, flower drums and other forms of song and dance commonly known as rice-planting songs" (see "Dictionary").
In the Loess Plateau, in the northern part of Shaanxi on this piece of loess, the rice-planting song has become an indispensable, and has become an important activity for the Spring Festival, as well as urban and rural masses to rest and recreation. During the Spring Festival Yangge imposing, into a large-scale, generally before the colorful car, mainly to publicize a county or a unit of work achievements, such as Ansai waist drums, Shaanbei oboe, all kinds of drums are included in the Shaanbei Yangge, rehearsed into a neat square as well as according to the year's situation dress up some good luck, lucky things, and so on. The content is rich and varied.