The mild climate and beautiful scenery of Yuxi, the ancient "Granary of Dianzhong" reputation of the whole of Yunnan, today's "town of cloud smoke" famous at home and abroad. Peculiar geographic environment, the formation of the East and West of two very different natural landscapes: East pillow Panjiang fertile soil, three lakes neighboring, flat dams scattered, good fields, villages densely populated, an idyllic scenery; West according to the Mourning Jiaojiao steep mountain, the shade of ancient trees, waterfalls sprinkled beads, exotic flowers and birds, spring resident, the heavenly work of all the magic. In the long river of history, Han, Yi, Hani, Dai, Hui, Bai, Mongolia, Miao, Lahu and other nationalities live in harmony, more distinctive human wonders.
Yuxi has a superior geographic location, the municipal party committee, the municipal government stationed in Hongta District is only 88 kilometers away from the provincial capital of Kunming, is the nearest city in the province from the provincial capital of Kunming. Kunming to Yuanjiang has a high-grade highway will soon be all through, Kunyu Railway has been put into operation, the formation of a well-connected transportation network. The city is located in the central part of Yunnan Province, between 23 degrees 19 minutes and 24 degrees 53 minutes north latitude and 101 degrees 16 minutes and 103 degrees 9 minutes east longitude. It is bordered by Kunming City to the northeast and north, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture to the southeast and south, Simao area to the southwest and west, and Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture to the northwest. Regional maximum horizontal distance of 172 kilometers, the maximum vertical distance of 163.5 kilometers, a total area of 15,285 square kilometers. Among them, Hongta District, Jiangchuan, Chengjiang, Tonghai 4 counties (districts) is a dam county, an area of 3,348 square kilometers, accounting for 21.9% of the total area; Hua Ning, Yimen two counties is a semi-mountainous county, an area of 2,884 square kilometers, accounting for 18.9% of the total area; Eshan, Xinping, Yuanjiang three counties is a mountainous county, an area of 9,053 square kilometers, accounting for 59.2% of the total area.
One
As a unified administrative region, Yuxi set up rule late. Pre-Qin belonged to the ancient Yunnan garden. In the two Han Dynasty, Yuxi belonged to Yizhou and Shekou Counties. In the Shu Han Dynasty, Yuxi was divided into three counties: Yizhou, Shekou, and Xinggu. The Western Jin Dynasty was divided into three counties: Jinning, Jianning and Xinggu. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasty, it was divided into four counties: Jinning, Jianning, Liangshui and Xinggu. In the Sui Dynasty, it belonged to Kunzhou. At the beginning of Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Li and Hook Prefecture. Tang Nanji belonged to Tuodong Jiedu, Tonghai Dudu and Yinsheng Jiedu. Song Dali State, respectively under the thirty-seven ministries and Shanshan Expansion Province, Yin Sheng Sections. When Yuan set up Yunnan Province, it belonged to Chengjiang Road, Lin'an Road, Yuanjiang Road and Zhongqing Road. In the Ming Dynasty, Chengjiang Road was changed to Chengjiang Prefecture, Tonghai, Huaning and Eshan belonged to Lin'an Prefecture, Xinping County was set up to belong to Lin'an Prefecture, Yimen belonged to Yunnan Prefecture, and Yuanjiang was set up as Yuanjiang Military and Civil Affairs Bureau. In the Qing Dynasty, Xinping County belonged to Yuanjiang Prefecture, and the rest followed the Ming Dynasty system. In the Republic of China, the government abolished the prefectures and states, and set up dao, which belonged to Dianzhong dao, Mengzi dao and Pu'er dao, and later abolished the dao, and the county was directly subordinate to the province. In the late Republic of China was set up in xinping sixth administrative inspectors office. After the establishment of the people's republic of china, on January 1, 1950, the commissioner's office in dianzhong was established, and in March, it was renamed as yuxi commissioner's office, with the jurisdiction of 12 counties, including yuxi, kunyang, jinning, chenggong, chengjiang, jiangchuan, huaning, tonghai, hesi, escan, yimen, xinping, etc. In 1951, escan county was changed to escan yi autonomous region. in 1954, yuanjiang county, which was originally under mengzhi prefectural area, was divided into yuxi prefectural area. 1956, escan yi autonomous region was changed into yuxi prefectural area. In 1960, Jinning County (including Kunyang and Chenggong) was transferred to Kunming City; in 1970, Yuxi Prefecture was renamed Yuxi Region; in December 1979, Xinping County was renamed Xinping Yi Dai Autonomous County, and Yuanjiang County was renamed Yuanjiang Hani and Yi Dai Autonomous County; in August 1983, Yuxi County was renamed Yuxi City (at the county level); in June 1998, Yuxi Region was abolished and Yuxi City (at the prefecture level) was renamed Yuxi City (at the county level). In June 1998, the Yuxi District was abolished and Yuxi City was re-established at the prefecture level, and the former county-level Yuxi City was re-established as Hongta District. The city has 8 counties and 1 district under its jurisdiction, ****43 townships, 32 townships, 13 ethnic townships, and 652 village offices and offices.
Yuxi since the Yuan Dynasty began to call the emerging, this exciting, hopeful name, both rich in long history and culture, but also more to show her later on, a forward, rapid development of the new posture. Yuxi people in this piece of beautiful scenery on the fertile land, dare to open the first trend, good at sinking the stream of a hundred rivers, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, has been to maintain a sustained and rapid economic development momentum, from the original name does not see in the Dian history of the literature of the Dianzhong small town, has become a new city with a certain strength. From the Ming Dynasty military and civilian cantonment, a large number of reclamation of arable land, after the Ming and Qing dynasties, Yuxi stood out as the famous three winding "grain silo in Yunnan", the Qing Liu慰三撰 "滇南志略 "称："Emerging fields of scale, mulberry and hemp ten thousand, the provincial city of the price of rice, depending on the amount of rice to be prevailed, it is again for the warehouse in Yunnan! The original place is also. ...... inhabitants of the congee needed, all rely on emerging for the bulk." In the natural economic conditions, Yuxi was the first to become one of the Yunnan commodity grain base, to ensure the food supply of the provincial capital.
The people of Yuxi were not satisfied with the achievements of the "Granary of Yunnan", and kept exploring new development paths.
In the middle of the 20th century, foreign baking tobacco was introduced into Yunnan, and Yuxi was the first one to settle in the city, and after half a century of hard work, Yuxi became famous as the "Hometown of Cloud Tobacco". After half a century of hard work, Yuxi became famous as the "Hometown of Yunyun Tobacco", built Asia's first Yuxi Cigarette Factory, and created China's first brand "Hongtashan". If the "grain silo in Dianzhong" influence only in Dianzhong, only to solve the provincial capital of the emergency, the "township of Yunnan cigarettes" is in a wider range to show the first of the "emerging" achievements.
After the reform and opening up, Yuxi became one of the faster economic development in Yunnan Province, the formation of cigarettes, building materials, food, mining and metallurgy, and other major Wenzhu industry. 1997, the national economy maintained a steady progress in the development of the situation, the price increase for the lowest level in ten years, showing a "steady economic growth, low prices" of the operating pattern. The national economy has maintained a steady and progressive development. At the same time, new progress was made in all social programs, and people's lives continued to improve. Gross national product (GNP) at current prices reached 30.186 billion yuan, and per capita GNP at current prices was 15,593 yuan. The total fiscal and tax revenue amounted to 15.084 billion yuan. Transportation and postal and telecommunication undertakings rapid development, passenger and freight traffic and highway mileage increased. 1997, the city's entire society road transport passenger volume of 984.3 million passengers, passenger turnover of 884 million passenger kilometers, the city's total mileage of 10,522 kilometers of highway, postal and telecommunication communications to continue to maintain the rapid development of communications capacity has increased significantly. The total capacity of the city's telephone exchanges developed to 18.11 million, the total number of telephone sets reached 10.7 million.
Yuxi's foreign economic development has accelerated, with remarkable achievements. in 1997, the total amount of foreign trade import and export reached 47.65 million U.S. dollars, with 10 import and export enterprises, and 58 import and export enterprises with import and export operation rights. Import and export trade has been carried out with 18 countries and regions. Horizontal economic union and foreign cooperation and exchanges have developed in an all-round, multi-level and wide field. In the consolidation and development of Shanghai Changning District, on the basis of cooperation and exchanges with the friendly city, and has been concluded with Guangxi Beihai City, Guangdong Chaozhou City as a friendly city.
Two
The terrain within Yuxi is roughly high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with mountain ranges going in the same direction as the tectonic line, and mountains, canyons, plateaus and basins interspersed. The Yuanjiang River valley, along the Yuanjiang Fracture Zone on the east side of the Mourning Mountains, cuts deeper, with a difference in elevation of more than 2,000 meters from the river to the tops of the mountains, forming an alpine canyon terrain. The main peak of the Mourning Mountains, Dadiyan, is 3165.9 meters above sea level, the highest point in the city. Yuanjiang River and South Fushun River confluence, 328 meters above sea level, is the city's lowest point. Most of the city, except for the Yuanjiang River Valley, is 1500-1800 meters above sea level.
Because it is located in the low latitude plateau, winter and summer seasons are subject to two different nature of the alternating influence of the atmospheric circulation, resulting in a significant plateau monsoon climate characteristics, coupled with the complexity of the landscape type, the altitude difference is very large, the city has a variety of climatic types from subtropical to temperate and so on. In addition to the Yuanjiang River Basin, dry and hot river valley long summer, is a typical subtropical climate, most of the region's climate is mild, warm in winter and cool in summer, four seasons like spring. The average annual temperature is between 15.5℃-17.4℃, and the annual temperature is the lowest in December or January and the highest in June. Chengjiang County because in the Liang Wangshan windward slope, but also Kunming quasi-stationary winds are often active range, so the rainfall is in the first place, the average annual rainfall of 856 millimeters; the central Hongta District, Jiangchuan, Tonghai and other counties in the 798-830 millimeters between; southwest of Yuanjiang least rainfall, only 698 millimeters, the reason is that the south and west of Yuanjiang Mourning Firmament shielded, and the average annual rainfall of 856 millimeters. It is on the leeward slope of the southwestern warm and humid airflow, and the effect of burning wind is significant. The highest rainfall in the city is in Jianxing Township, Xinping County, with an annual rainfall of l683 millimeters; the lowest rainfall is in Yale, Eshan County, with an annual rainfall of only 670 millimeters.
The rivers in the territory belong to the two water systems of Nanpanjiang and Yuanjiang. The eastern part of the Hongta District, Chengjiang, Jiangchuan, Tonghai, Huaning and the eastern part of Eshan County belongs to the Nanpanjiang River system of the Pearl River Basin, with a runoff area of 5,044 square kilometers. Nanpanjiang River is the upper source of the Pearl River, originating from the Qujing Mashong Mountain, through the Chengjiang, Huaning to Yiliang, Mile County junction of the south, and then meet from the Xingyun Lake, Fuxian Lake Haikou River water, in Huaning County, near the mouth of the Sanjiang River Panxi, and from the mountains of the northern part of the Tonghai River flows through the territory of the Jiangchuan, Yuxi, Eshan, Tonghai, Jianshui, Huaning, the Qujiang River will meet the south to go. In the west, Xinping, Yuanjiang, Yimen and the western part of Eshan County belong to the Yuanjiang River system of the Red River Basin, with a runoff area of 9,981 square kilometers. The Yuanjiang River runs diagonally from northwest to southeast through the city's Xinping and Yuanjiang counties, and is about 150 kilometers long in the city. To the north of Xinping Shuitang, it receives the flow of the Green Juice River from Yimen through Eshan and Xinping, and at the junction of Yuanjiang, Shiping and Honghe counties, it receives the exchange of the Dodie River originating from Eshan, the Xiaohedi River through Huanian, Xiaoxiao and Puhuan, as well as the Qingshui River and Nanxi River originating from the Mourning Mountains, and the volume of water is constantly increasing to flow into the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture.
The unique natural environment builds a rich and colorful natural landscape with different mountain colors and competing water flows.
Yuxi mountains towering, colorful, some of the turquoise said show, some of the mineral deposits to profit, some of the precipitous in the strange, some of the temple well-known, and are self-contained, each with its own style. Towering Mount Mourning, the mountains, like the silver screen Jade Cui, clouds, meteorological, primitive forests, vast and mangy, a wide variety of plant communities, rare birds and animals inhabiting the forest, springs and waterfalls during the day and down, the beauty of the sky, magical, interesting, colorful and amazing, the natural creation of the strange. Tonghai Xiushan small and exquisite, the temple pavilions solemn and elegant, the mountain is delicate, ancient trees, Buddha Long Daochang, Lin Cui Path, the building cleverly echoed the poetry, the temple mountains and forests into one, birds and flowers, exquisite, since ancient times, that is, "Show A South Yunnan" reputation, is one of the four famous mountains in Yunnan. Chengjiang Liangwang Mountain is majestic and magnificent, the west side of the cliffs thousands of Ren, upright and steep; east side of the peaks are surrounded by lush forests. Standing on the top of the mountain, you can look out over the Dianchi Pond, Fuxian Lake, Yangzonghai and the beauty of Nebula Lake, so it is known as "a mountain to see the four seas". The mountain has a Yuan Dynasty Liang Wang left a number of military school sites, is really a strange mountain in Yunnan. Hongta District Longma Mountain, full of mystery and legend, "Longma God" story of people's infinite aspirations for a better life, and now the "spirit of the Dragon Horse" symbolizes the realization of the good wishes of the past. Under the Dragon Horse Mountain is the famous Hongta Mountain, where the famous Yunnan Yuxi Cigarette Factory is located, a mountain that symbolizes the wisdom of the Yuxi people's diligence and courage.
Yuxi water color beautiful, charming waves, Fuxian, Nebula, Qilu three lakes and Yangzonghai continuous group, like a string of crystal pearl on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, radiating colorful haze. Fuxian Lake is vast and clear, reputation is very long, the average depth of 87 meters, the deepest 155 meters, transparency of 7-8 meters, ranking first in the province, for the country's second inland deep-water lakes. Along the lake, there are more than ten famous scenic spots such as Luchong Resort, Penjia Mountain, Biyun Temple, Star Fish Cave, Lushan Island, Jieyuishi, Hot Water Pond Hot Spring and so on. Lone Mountain Island is 800 meters away from the lake shore, the island is built with pavilions, attic courtyard, climb up and look into the distance, the weather, being there, the fun is endless. Nebula Lake and Fuxian Lake connected to the water, to "boundary fish stone" as the boundary, the lake surface sparkling, charming scenery, known as "jasper in Dian", "Star Lake Moonlight" has been appreciated. Qilu Lake, a thousand hectares of flat farmland, willow confusion, and the mountains reflect each other, embellished into a delicate and beautiful landscape scrolls. Yangzong Sea is as clear as a mirror, and Fuxian Lake north and south, like a crystal pearl.
In the Mourning Mountains on the east side, the Yuanjiang River water like a submerged dragon, meandering south, beautiful and spectacular, and the Mourning Mountains into a fun, glittering, beautiful. Amazing is that Yuxi, there are many pools and springs wonders, underground water springs out, not only irrigate acres of fertile land, but also create countless scenic beauty. For example, the Big Dragon Spring in Yimen County, the Elephant Trunk Hot Spring in Huaning County, the West Dragon Pool in Chengjiang County, the Nine Dragon Pool, Black Dragon Pool, White Dragon Pool, and Shibusui Well in Hongta District, and the Fragrant Springs and Different Springs in Xinping County, etc., are all breathtakingly wondrous and exotic.
The unique geological structure of Yuxi has created numerous cave wonders. There is a male in the peak of the top of the Hongta District Longma Cave, there are hidden in the river side of the Eshan big fish hole, known as "this place to smell a different sound" of the Huoning Chunlei ancient caves, there are close to the highway next to the Tonghail Mountain Immortal Cave, as well as the Jiangchuan Xian Niu Mo hole, Yuanjiang mosquito dragon cave, etc., the strange holes to explore the secluded, and are all mesmerizing.
Nature has created the unique wonders of Yuxi, become a rich asset for the development of tourism, now Yuxi mountains and lakes, buildings and pavilions rise, green bushes, clear waves on the lake every year hundreds of thousands of tourists to explore the secluded visit to enjoy the charm of Yuxi's landscapes.
Three
In Yuxi, a beautiful and fertile land, in addition to the Han Chinese, but also living in Yi, Hani, Dai, Hui, Mongolia, Bai, Miao, Lahu and other ethnic minorities accounted for one-third of the population of the region's compatriots, the city has three minority autonomous counties such as Eshan, Xinping, Yuanjiang, etc. At the end of 1997, the *** there are 380,682 people of the Yi ethnicity, 100,763 people of Hani nationality, 68,273 people of Dai nationality, 36,273 people of Hui nationality, and the number of people who live in Yuxi. 68273, Hui 36,192, Bai 9,780, Mongolian 6,500, Miao 5,556, Lahu 5,741, and other ethnic minorities 1,734. They all have their own unique history, culture, festivals and folk customs, colorful and interesting. The "flower drum dance" of the Yi people is majestic and powerful, recreating the solemnity and grandeur of ancient war scenes, which is unique among the many ethnic "drum dance". Hani people in love at the banquet chanting "Abado", the scene is solemn and active, how many moving stories from this peculiar scene has spread. There are also the Dai people's "Catching Flowers Street", the Lahu people's melodious and unique love songs, the Mongolian people's unique festival "Naadam", the Bai people's "March 3", the Yi people's "Torch Festival", the "Fireworks Festival", and the "Bamboo Festival", which is the most important festival in China. "Torch Festival" and so on, each ethnic festival flavor wonderful and interesting, pleasing to the eye.
Yuxi City has the only Mongolian township in Yunnan so far; the Yi settlement area is between Liangshan, Chuxiong and Honghe, southwestward; the Hui settlement area is distributed in the city's rich water supply, convenient transportation, and a more developed area of the commodity economy; the three lakes and the flat dams are mostly Han Chinese settlements.'' The staggered distribution of various ethnic groups contributes to Yuxi's compatible intermingling, broad and unique cultural landscape.
--The Yuxi lanterns and the ancient songs of the ethnic minorities, which are based on Jiangnan songs, tell of the sadness in their hearts, giving people a sense of enlightenment and beauty.
--The Chenggang Yotianshan Paleontological Fossils, which are known as "stone-breaking fossils", the rich and complete Yimen and Eshan dinosaur fossil groups, and many sites from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic Age, show the richness of Yuxi's prehistoric civilization. Content. A large number of bronzes have been unearthed, and a number of rare treasures, represented by the Niuhu Bronze Case, have established Yuxi's special position in the culture of Dianzhong. The ancient song of Genesis, which reflects the migration of the ancient ancestors of the Yi and Hani tribes, is another history that lives on in people's mouths. The ancient totem system remaining in Xinping Lukui Mountain is a living fossil for understanding human history.
--Between these strange mountains and beautiful waters, Yuxi people can make full use of the gifts of nature, absorbing the length of others, creating a famous and unique food culture, forming both the traditional strength and market prospects of the flavor of Yuxi, and make it continue to spread outward to promote the commodity economy out of the home, and become a provincial The Yuxi flavor has been formed with both traditional strength and market prospect, and has been spreading and popularizing in the commodity economy, becoming the flavor of the province. At the same time, it has maintained the different dietary cultural characteristics of various ethnic groups. Various folk diet, such as Fuxian Lake, the country's unique live-boiled fresh water Luo pot fish has flourished.
--While striving for the new, the people of Yuxi are always examining their own history, trying to find some connection between the past and the future. The compilation and revision of history has been passed down from generation to generation since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with celebrities repairing their records and famous records being passed down to the world, forming a square record culture with regional characteristics. Today, in addition to hundreds of new books, people are also surprised to see Yuxi preserved Yi historical books, "Niren Genealogy", a distinctive regional social history.
--It is this kind of "new" and rise, and the sentiment of the Hundred River, so that Yuxi on this piece of land had emerged countless people. Such as the Three Kingdoms period in Dianzhong first in the "official history" has a biography of the famous general Li Chou, the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wang Yuan Han, Yi Confucian Confucian general Lu Hong, the famous poet Liu Da Shen, the Republic of China, Jin Handong, Tang Huaiyuan, Luo Peijin, Li Hongxiang, Yunnan Baiyao invention of Qu Huanzhang, and so on. Ma Ruwei word pressure two rivers, Zhou Yu Li Beijing Branch stickers, Kan Zhenzhao famous shock Jiangnan, Zhao Shilin reputation throughout Yunnan, are the reputation of the book of the moment. And the countryside of skilled craftsmen, folk artists more Yuxi created another unique cultural landscape. Tonghai high should be the beauty of wood carving, known as the best in China, carved down the wood slag, the weight is equal to the price of silver. It can be said that the material wealth, humanities, generations of celebrities. Proudest of all, here is the people's musician Nie Er's hometown, Nie Er is in his hometown under the rich and colorful folk culture to embark on the road of artistic creation, in his works, when the hometown shines with some of the unique marks. The people of his hometown are proud to have this great singer of the times.
--Here, not only can you hear the different styles of love songs of various ethnic groups, and enjoy the original ancient dance of the Hani people, you can also watch the new period of formation of the "Fuxian Lake summer", "magical mourning" concert; not only can you hear the different styles of love songs of various ethnic groups, and enjoy the original ancient dance of the Hani people, but also watch the new period of formation of the "Fuxian Lake summer", "magical mourning "Concert; not only can see the special ancient Nuo opera - the famous Guan Suo drama, but also to appreciate the newly formed drama - Yuxi Yi opera (a modern theater performance based on Yi folk music). If Tonghai County's three-inch golden lotus dancing disco gives people the feeling of compatibility between ancient and modern times, with a few bitternesses of the past remaining in the joyful rhythm, then the Yuxi lanterns' fame in Guangzhou in the 1990s, which adapted the world-famous book, Shakespeare's classic Romeo and Juliet, into the lantern drama, "Zhuomei and Alo," which is set in a Yuxi Yi cottage and recreates the true love affair of the characters in Shahong's book, has made the contemporary theater community applaud and praise.
Yuxi, the jasper of Dianzhong, the pearl of the Yunling Mountains. The famous Ming Dynasty poet Yang Shengan's deep love for Xiushan to the "joyous" situation, and praised Fuxian Lake is "natural pictures better than the West Lake". After the founding of the country, the old generation of proletarian revolutionaries, Marshal Zhu De, when inspecting Yunnan, has twice boarded the tour of Xiushan, leaving behind the "Xiushan Xiongcheng, forests like jade pots. This place is the best cultural relics, the flower stakes a hundred kinds of special" words of praise.
For Yuxi people, "emerging" is both an ancient name and a hopeful belief. Emerging city of Yuxi, not only stirring the echoes of history, more to hear is the call of the future. Here, hard-working and intelligent people of all ethnic groups, seeking "new" and emerging, with both hands to draw a newer and better scenery.