Dance
Two kinds of potshang dances are popular in Gongbu JIANGDA County, namely, "Bao" and "Guohua". "Bra" in the Gongbu area, also known as "Gongbu Bra", singing hands in a circle, men and women sing and sing, divided into slow and fast two large sections; dance movements in the simulation of the bow of the "archery step", The dance movements include the "archery step" that simulates the opening of a bow, and the "bird leaping step" that simulates a bird spreading its wings. "Fruit Harmony" is a dance in which people dance around a wine jar or a bonfire, with men and women standing on one side and singing in separate shifts, and starting from left to right in a circle; and then "Harmony Ben" (the organizer) takes the lead in dancing the "Harmony Individual" (the song leader), followed by a fast collective dance. (song head), and then into a rapid collective song and dance, heavy beat dance, dun ground for the section, rhythmic. There is the "Terrier Qiangmu" dance (a kind of "Qiangmu" dance, "Terrier" means messenger or servant of God, "Qiangmu" means jumping to God) passed down in the wrong high village in the territory. "Qiangm" dance (a kind of "Qiangm" dance, "terrier" meaning messenger of God or servant, "Qiangm" meaning jumping to God) is usually performed on the fifteenth day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar every three years; "Terrier Qiangm" is divided into two kinds: "Zabu" and "Xihua". "Zabu" cheerful and enthusiastic, "Xiwa" steady and bold, the performance of the two are interspersed; performance program is divided into three sections, the first section of the king and servants appear, the second section is divided into nine subsections, the third section of all the audience on the stage, and the actors and actresses together with rapping, dancing and drinking.
Opera
Prior to 1959, the territory of the Tibetan opera staged in the square theater, unaccompanied, only a drum and a cymbal and the human voice to help singing. After gradually on the singing, script, dance, masks, etc. have carried out some reform and development. Among them, juemulong faction more innovative, lively and cheerful performances, singing, dancing colorful, unique style, in the faction of the most influential, the most widely spread, but also in the territory of kongbu jiangda county is the most common, the most popular genre of Tibetan opera.
Folk Songs
The folk songs of Gongbu area are mainly love songs, wine songs and labor songs. Love songs include "Deep Love", "Doubt", "Never Change Heart", "Fish and Water Love", "Thoughts", etc. Wine songs are different for different objects, such as "Auspicious Seeing Auspicious", "Mother", etc. Labor songs include "Song of Covering the House", "Sun on the Ground", "The East is Red", "Joyful", "Pigeon Flock in the Cold Night", etc. Folk songs in other categories include "The Four Divine Hills", "On the Precious Mountain", "Fine Wine", etc.
Folk Literature
The myths and legends circulating in Gongbu Jiangda County mainly include "King Gesar", "The Story of Zhaxi and Zhuo Ma", and the legend of "Peach Hugging Pine", "Hada Sinking to the Bottom", and "Zodiac Tree" on the lake island; Folk poetry to reflect the life and spirit of the working people in the new era, such as "daytime production and evening meetings", "singing the general line", "Chairman Mao's thought always shines in our hearts" and so on. Diet
The staple food of the farmers and herdsmen in Gongbu Jiangda County is mainly noodles and tsampa, and they drink ghee tea in the morning. Dairy products are cheese, yogurt, milk residue and so on. Winter at the end of November to make air-dried beef and mutton. On New Year's Day, with the best ghee, fresh fine milk residue and brown sugar made of "pluck" to eat. Gourmet famous food are barbecued Tibetan pig, beef soup buns, matsutake mushroom chili sauce, "Pun Gong" (cover meat), "Qu Rui" (boiled beef and mutton, add crumbled cheese, tsampa and ingredients), "Pasha Maquu " (milk residue, ghee, brown sugar mixed into the noodle lumps), wheat baked cakes, buckwheat cakes, Tibetan spiced pork sausage, beef marrow soup, sashimi, boiled beef tongue, grilled lamb chops, relentless beef soup (relentless grass stewed beef), flat rice oil tea and so on.
Costumes
County in addition to Niangpu, Gaxing, Jinda herdsmen wearing pastoral clothing in northern Tibet Naqu, the other areas are wearing Kobo Tibetan dress, traditional festival dress a variety of. Men wearing fox skin or felt made of "kongbu jiaxia" cap and earrings, gold rings and gold-plated bracelets, women wearing brown serge or colored satin made of "sanglin xiamu", gold and silver earrings, collars and ga wu (buddha box), silver belt, silver chain and silver bells, tinkling when walking. Walking tinkling. Tibetan clothing to "Guxiu", "Quba" (Tibetan robe), "Salsa" (lamb robe) mainly. "Guxiu" original serf master mistress of the dress, after the democratic reform into the ordinary people's homes, men and women, no collar and no sleeves. "Salsa" for the winter dress. Men's Tibetan shoes have "Na Zu" and "Dasong" two kinds, fine workmanship.
Housing
Prior to the democratic reform in Tibet, the serfs stone and wood structure cottage, people and animals live together. After the democratic reform, farmers and herdsmen living into the slice of stone masonry Tibetan-style bunker, mostly two-story, the upper floor of the people, living room, bedroom, hall and bathroom, the lower level off livestock. Jiangda to the west of the area herdsmen originally lived in yak tents, since the 1990s moved into pastoral settlements, watchtower house roof for the flat roof; Jiangda township and its east of more rain, for the "human" type roof.
Etiquette
Gongbu Jiangda County Tibetans in a variety of festivals, as well as to pay homage to the elders, audience with the Buddha, the sound of the exchange of information, send off on occasions such as the habit of offering Hada. The kowtow is generally toward the statue of Buddha, the pagoda and the living Buddha, and there are kowtow long, kowtow short and kowtow loud. Drinking tea is a daily ritual, guests into the house after sitting down need to wait for the master will be ghee tea in front of the face and then take over to drink. When the Chinese New Year festivals to other people's homes as guests, the master of the two hands holding wine sent to the hands of the guests, the guests with the fingers popped 3 to show respect to the sky, respect for the earth, respect for their own guests to drink a mouthful of the master to add a continuous three times, and finally a breath of water, that is, "three mouth a cup". The vast majority of farmers and herdsmen in Gongbu Jiangda County celebrate the traditional Tibetan New Year, which lasts from December 29 to the 15th of the first month of the Tibetan calendar. The Spring Sowing Festival (Sowing Festival, Trial Seed Festival) is held on an auspicious day in the first month of the lunar calendar, with young men and women in full dress leading cows, holding plows, applying fertilizers, sowing seeds and praying to the God of the Land to bless a good harvest; villagers then drink, sing and dance. Tibetan calendar April 15 Saga Dawa Festival (life release festival) is the anniversary of the birth of Shakyamuni, into the road and the death of the anniversary, people in order to live a long and auspicious life, in this day to release fish, cows, sheep, horses and other animals. May 1 to 15 of the Tibetan calendar for the Rinca Festival, people dressed in costume, to the Rinca tour, picnic.
The Kumbum New Year (Kumbum Festival), the Qigao Lake Festival and the "Qu Guo" Festival are unique festivals in Kumbum Jangda County.
The four villages in Bahe Township, Langse, Xuba, Gajang and Dingdang, celebrate the Kumbu New Year on the first day of the tenth month of the Tibetan calendar. Legend has it that more than seven hundred years ago Hall to the southeast of Tibet, the king of Kumbu led the Kumbu men to go to war, when in September, in order to allow the soldiers to finish the New Year and then go on the war, so the New Year will be advanced to the first day of October. Since then, the custom of celebrating the New Year on the first day of the tenth month of the Tibetan calendar has been formed in the Kumbum area. Compared with the Tibetan New Year in other regions, the Kumbu New Year has obvious characteristics of the forest area, there are "drive ghosts", invite the dog to eat, eat "JieDa", back water, sacrificing the goddess of harvest and other customs.
Wrong high turn lake festival in the Tibetan calendar in the first month of the fifteenth and April 15, the first month of the fifteenth monks and nuns in the dam chanting, praying, simmering. April 15, believers from all over the world gathered here, erected a new scripture pole, Buddhist activities, clockwise around the lake; people in the branches of the tree hung full of "wind horse" and small streamers, jumping the traditional dance "Geng", the village held a folk dance competition.
Annual Tibetan calendar June 4 of the fall harvest season, Gongbu Jiangda town Jie Ding village will be held "Qu Guo" festival. Villagers first held a "qu fruit" ceremony (back scripture to turn the field), and then by the respected hold nine palace gossip along the "holy relics" to walk in front, followed by holding a streamer and the land god portraits, drums and horns of the young men and sang wishing for a bumper harvest of the "Manoi" song of young women to wish for a good harvest. Subsequently to the gaduogang temple around the temple three times, the abbot to the procession staff offer khaddar, the team sang and danced around the streamers, praying for wind and rain, good luck and happiness, and then will be sent to the temple in the scriptures, and then eat a picnic lunch, jumping pots and pans. Gongbu Jiangda County is a Tibetan dialect area, the county dialect has four tones (high flat tone, high descending tone, low ascending tone, low descending tone), 30 consonants, 4 vowel letters; the basic structure of the sentence is the "subject-object-predicate", the personal pronouns have a singular and plural, seldom the use of honorifics, there are more Chinese loanwords and part of the English, Hindi loanwords.
Gongbu Jiangda County is located in the high mountain valley area, the environment is relatively closed, the territory of the formation of many native language, roughly Ngapoi native language, Niang Pu native language, Zhu La and Bahe native language, wrong high (Batson) native language 4 kinds. Among them, Ngapoi Tuhua is mainly distributed in Zhongsha Township, Jiangda Township and Gongbu Jiangda Township; Niangpu Tuhua is mainly distributed in Niangpu, Gaxing and Jinda Township, and is mostly communicated in the northern Tibetan language; Jula and Bahe Tuhua are mainly distributed in Jula Township and Bahe Township, and the residents in the area of Jula River all use Jula Tuhua; Wrong Gao Tuhua is a kind of unique Tuhua in the Wei-Zang dialect, and it is only used by the locals of Wrong Gao Township and part of the residents of Bahe Township, and is little understood by the people of other areas of the county. The people in other areas of the county can seldom understand it.