After the Han Dynasty, the main instruments of elegant music, such as chimes, ocarinas, ocarinas, chi, and thurles, were replaced by newer instruments such as the pipa and the hokobuki, and many of them gradually disappeared from the music scene. Even in the proposed Yaluo of later generations, the instruments used were mixed with many impure components, such as the later court Yaluo with square rattles, cloud gongs, copper horns and so on.
The court of the Qin and Han dynasties, there are still old musicians who have been passed down from family to family since the Zhou Dynasty, and they still keep some old instruments of elegant music, and they can still simulate the tones of some old elegant music. It is said that during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Liu De, the king of Hetian, once offered the dance of eight rows of dancers which he had collected.
Alongside the elegant music is the vulgar music, which is folk music. The "State Winds" in the Book of Songs are the lyrics of secular music from the Zhou Dynasty. In ancient times, secular music had been rejected and despised by the noble rulers, and was not allowed to enter the hall of elegance.
During the Han Dynasty, the emperors of the early Han Dynasty weakened the old aristocratic clans internally and pacified them externally; their economy and culture influenced the neighboring regions, while the cultures of the border tribes enriched the culture of the Central Plains, which constituted the cultural landscape at that time, and this contributed to the development and prosperity of secular music.
Mundane music in the Han Dynasty was an era of wide acceptance and integration of many skills. In the early years of the Han Dynasty, when Liu Bang, the Gaozu, gained power and returned to his hometown of Pei County, he sang the song "The Great Wind," which reads:
The great wind rises up and the clouds fly up, the mighty add the sea and return to their hometowns, and the fierce warriors are guarding the four directions!
At the same time, Liu Bang also loved the folk music and dance of Chu, and later he used the popular music and dance for court rituals. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also expanded the organization of "Lefu", vigorously collecting folk music and dance, recorded more than 300 songs and poems from Wu, Chu, Yan, Qi and Zheng, and there were more than 800 musicians and dancers in Lefu.
Liu Bang in the pacification of the Sanqin, he once recruited the Ba people living in Ba County, Yu water between the Ba people for the vanguard, the Ba people brave and good at war, their kind of "Ba division brave and sharp, singing and dancing to Ling" momentum and fighting strength, won the love of the Han Gaozu, each victory will also be beating the drums and singing and dancing to show the celebration, Liu Bang is very fond of their music, named "Bayu music and dance". "Bayu music and dance", Bayu music and dance and the formation of the ancient great song also has a great origin.
Later, Bayu music and dance was introduced to the court, it became the entertainment program of the feast at home of the dignitaries. The basic form of Bayu music and dance is "dancing with weapons", which is a martial dance with weapons in hand, and music and dance with the rhythm of drums. The famous historian of the Han Dynasty, Ban Gu, recorded in the Book of Han:
Bayu drummers, thirty-six people.
This is the Bayu music and dance in the court, but also on the battlefield Bayu music and dance, how many people fighting, how many people singing and dancing, in front of the battlefield killers, holding a shield and a sword, shouting loudly, behind the back of the accompaniment, the drums, feet, in order to increase the might, this is the history of the book said that the "song after the dance". The famous poet Sima Xiangru in the Han Dynasty in the "Zi Xu Fu" in this way to depict the spectacular Bayu dance:
Thousands of people sing, ten thousand people and, the mountains for the vibration, the valley for the waves.
Later, in order to receive emissaries from the four directions, the court of Han Dynasty often sent people to perform Bayu music and dance. Bayu music and dance through the Wei, Jin, the North and South Dynasties, to the Tang Dynasty, although there have been a number of its name, but the show never fails.
In addition, the Qilu region in the Han Dynasty also had a splendid music and dance culture. Among them, the dragon lantern, carrying the pavilion is unique in the country. Dragon lantern, carrying the pavilion is a combination of folk dragon dance and carrying the pavilion in the performance of the square dance, bold and unrestrained, magnificent.
During this period, from the Spring Festival to the 15th day of the first month, people not only performed in their own villages, but also in neighboring villages. Participating in the performance of more than 100 people, as few as dozens of people, men and women into a team song and dance, showing the Han Dynasty young people's aspirations for a better life and praise for their hometown.
In fact, the Han Dynasty popular music is really valued, is in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. According to the Records of the Grand Historian, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up a music house to collect folk songs from all over the world. With Li Yannian as the coordinator, he corrected the meter, and Sima Xiangru and dozens of others filled in the lyrics and composed the songs into 19 chapters, which were used to sacrifice to heaven and earth or to feast guests in Ganquan Palace. This is one of the reasons for the development of Han music.
Later, during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, popular music was further emphasized. The first officially organized secular music band in China's history was the all-female band on Cao Cao's Bronze Sparrow Terrace.
Since the destruction of Qin by Emperor Gaozu of Han, the music of Shao was passed on to the Han Dynasty, and Emperor Gaozu of Han changed the name of Shao to Wen Shi. In the Book of Han? Rituals and Music" and "Historical Records? Xiaowen Emperor's Chronicle" in this way, Qin Ershi with "big Shao" "five lines" sacrificed to the temple, the Han dynasty sacrifices Gaozu, Emperor Taizong are used in the "Wen Shi". From this, it can be seen that both Qin and Han had designated "Shao" as the temple music, which made the position of "Shao" in the national music to the extreme.
Later, during the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Pi, the Emperor of Wei, changed the name of Shao music back to Da Shao, which he also used as his own temple music.
During the period of Emperor Wu of Liang in the Southern Dynasty, the name of Da Shao was changed to Da Guan, which was still used as music for temples. From this, it can be seen that at this time, although the music of "Shao" changed its name many times, it was always part of the emperor's elegant music.
Shao music is China's court music in the highest level, the use of the longest elegant music, from which the moral and ethical paradigms and cultural and artistic forms, has been affecting China's ancient civilization, shao music is known as "China's first music".
There is also the later "Plum Blossom Three Melodies" which is also very famous. Since ancient times, the plum blossom, with its high aspirations, icy skin and jade bones, and fragrant fragrance, has always been the object of admiration by literati and writers.
The "Three Melodies of Plum Blossoms" is a famous representative work of ancient secular music, which is usually composed for flute or xiao, and later adapted for zither. The phrase "Three Melodies" means that the same tune is played three times. This repetition is a metaphor for the blossoming of plum blossoms in the cold wind, their unyielding character and their upward mobility.
The historical allusion of "Three Melodies of Plum Blossoms" is the story of Huan Yi, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who played three melodies of plum blossoms for Wang Hui Zhi, a madman. The Book of Jin? Lei Zhuan 51" has recorded this allusion:
Wang Hui Zhi was summoned to go to Jiankang, the capital city of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the boat he was traveling on was moored at the Qingxi dock. It happened that Huan Yi was passing on the shore, and he did not know Wang Hui Zhi. At this time, a guest on the boat said, this is Huan Ye Wang Huan Yi. Wang Huizhi then ordered someone to say to Huan Yi: "I heard that you are good at playing the flute, please play a song for me!"
Huan Yi at this time has been a high-ranking officials, but he also heard of Wang Huizhi's great name, then get off the boat. Huan Yi sat on the hu bed, out of the flute to play the tune of three plum blossoms, high and wonderful.
Blowing finished, Huan Yi immediately got on the car and left. The two sides did not talk to each other for a single word. The open-mindedness of the Jin people is evident in this incident, as is their lack of formalities and open-mindedness.
Huan Yi and elegant, Wang Huizhi impetuous and knowledgeable, the two met although did not say a word, but a rare chance. It is because of Huan Yi and Wang Hui Zhi's unexpected meeting that the ancient masterpiece Three Plum Blossoms was born.
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