Beliefs, Songs and Dances of Uighurs in Twelve Muqams
The Uighurs are famous for their singing and dancing, and people often hold various forms of "Maixilaipu" customs. "Maximilip" means a party, which is usually held during festivals, weekends or harvest seasons. Its types include festival Maixilaipu, wedding Maixilaipu, harvest Maixilaipu, snow Maixilaipu, outing Maixilaipu and so on. The venue is a spacious inner room, under a grape trellis outside the courtyard, an orchard, a tree-lined place in the suburbs or a riverside lawn. At parties, people sit on the floor, usually by sending bowls of flowers, wine glasses, belts and other games, sometimes solve riddles on the lanterns, reciting poems or singing Muqam, but the main content is to dance Senem.
Sainaim is widely popular in Xinjiang Uygur areas. Sainam music in different regions has different characteristics. In order to distinguish them, people named Sainaim places, such as Kashi Sainaim, Yili Sainaim and Hami Sainaim. During the performance, everyone sat on the floor in a circle, the band gathered in a corner and the dancers were in the circle. One person dances solo, two people dance in pairs, and three or five people dance together. The dancers don't sing, but the audience clap their hands and sing together. Sainaim's music consists of many songs and dances, starting with a medium speed, gradually accelerating in the middle, finally turning to a fast speed and ending with a climax. Song and dance mostly show love life. In addition to singing songs and dances familiar to the masses, they also improvised new words with old tunes to describe the happy scenes at that time. Accompaniment instruments include tambourine, Sabayi, Sishi, plucked string, guzheng, Rewap, flute and dulcimer.
Muqam, meaning "Daqu", is a comprehensive large-scale suite including songs, dances and instrumental music, which is played by folk musicians at festivals and entertainment parties. According to textual research, Muqam was created and accumulated by many famous and unknown singers and artists in the long-term historical development process, and absorbed the music culture of other nationalities, which prevailed in Xinjiang in the15th century.
Muqam in Xinjiang has many kinds, different tunes and different structures, and its structure is the most typical in southern Xinjiang.
Muqam in South Xinjiang *** 12 sets, each set of music structure consists of four parts:
1) Muqam's deep feelings are sung in order, with free rhythm and different phrases.
2) Poverty is "Daqu", which consists of several narrative songs and dance music.
3) Dastain originally meant "narrative poem", that is, ballad. It consists of three or four songs with a complete interlude.
4) Maximilip consists of 3-6 dance music.
There are 170 songs and 70 instrumental music in Twelve Muqams in southern Xinjiang. Singing forms include solo, duet and chorus, and the scales, modes, rhythms and beats used are rich and varied. Accompaniment instruments include Sattar, Plunger, Dutar, Rewap, Ai Jieke, Caron and tambourine.
Harmony and Excellence of Tibetans
Tibetan folk songs and dances mainly include self-entertainment and performance. "Harmony" generally refers to the self-entertainment collective songs and dances that spread in the vast number of farming and animal husbandry towns, including:
1) "Guo Zhuo" is commonly known as Guo Zhuang, which means singing and dancing in a circle. The dance is vigorous and powerful, imitating the movements of animals. The structure of music is divided into two parts: Adagio and Allegro. Start with adagio, jump faster and faster, and end with warm emotions.
2) "Harmony" means string dance, which is named after the leader dances while pulling the black boy. Heizai is a musical instrument made by Tibetans, similar to Huqin. Its barrel is dug with horns or a whole piece of wood, and its timbre is rich and loud. On holidays, one person leads the black boy to walk at the head of the row, leading everyone to dance with sleeves, and the team forms a circle and moves clockwise. After the lead dancer leads the dance or plays a song, everyone sings, sings and dances.
3) "Duihui" and "Duihui" are Tibetan names of Lasi, Dingri and Ali areas in the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, and "Duihui" refers to dances similar to harmony in this area. Later, this dance was introduced to Lhasa, Qamdo, Ganzi and other places, and gradually evolved into a tap dance form with tapping rhythm at the foot, and professional artists appeared. Because it is the most popular in Lhasa, it is also called Lhasa tap dance. Performers often dance on boards, with complicated steps and changeable rhythms.
Duihua was accompanied by Zamuni (Tibetan Liuqin) at first, and later developed into a small band composed of Liuqin, dulcimer, flute and Jinghu. The music structure of Dui Harmony consists of five parts: prelude-slow song-interlude-fast song-after playing. The melody is beautiful, and the ending often turns to the next five notes, which is very distinctive.
"Zhuo" generally refers to group dance with strong performance. This kind of dance emphasizes skill expression, and does not jump when singing, and does not sing when jumping. There are two most representative "Zhuo":
1) "Rebazhuo" is a comprehensive performing art including bells and drums, zaqu and folk songs and dances. Most performers are vagrants. At the beginning of the performance, they should say something to the audience to praise their luck and show off their skills. Then, the man holds a bronze bell, and the woman holds a flat drum with a handle, beating and dancing. The audience has increased, and a skill performance is performed on the open venue.
2) "Zhuohe" is often performed in ceremonial occasions of festive festivals. Dancers often tie a string of bells to their knees or waist, singing and dancing with the flat round waist drum. The performance form is generally divided into three sections. The first section is a simple dance, the rhythm changes from slow to fast, drumming and jumping, changing formation and interspersed with drum music performances. The bell tied to the body rings with the sound of jumping. The second paragraph is the apprentice song, and the lyrics are good luck and good wishes. The third paragraph is singing while playing drums, and finally it's over.
Korean folk music, dance and long drum dance
Agricultural music dance is a reflection of farming life in Korea, and it is a self-entertaining collective dance, including plot performance and skill performance. There are generally 29 people in the dance team. The leader holds the banner of "Farmers are the foundation of the world". Everyone beats gongs and drums, plays flutes, sings and dances, and simulates the actions of sowing, watering, supporting seedlings and cutting rice in farmland. Later, officials, hunters, peasant women, dancers and other figures were added, as well as independent dance fragments such as small gong dance, long drum dance, mask dance, hunting dance and elephant hat dance. Among them, the elephant hat dance is the most distinctive. Dancers wear special hats with long and short ribbons, while beating drums, they turn the ribbons, jumping faster and faster, leading the dance to a climax. The music of agricultural music and dance is mostly Korean folk song "Daolaji" (namely "The Ballad of Orange Stem >:)," Arirang >> and so on. Accompaniment instruments include long drums, French drums, small drums, gongs, flutes, suona, Taiping Xiao and so on.
Long drums are Korean folk musical instruments and dance props encouraged by dragons. Long drum is a kind of wooden double-sided drum with a thin middle and trumpet-shaped ends. The right hand of the player taps the high-pitched drum surface on the right side of the long drum with a thin bamboo mallet, and the left hand taps the low-pitched drum surface. Long drum dance is mostly women's solo or duet. Dancers dance while playing drums, and the rich dance vocabulary and various drums form the unique charm of Changgu. The accompaniment instruments of the long drum are suona, flute, round drum, gong, Xiao and so on. And the music is Korean folk songs "Dolaji", "Arirang" and "Tianyangshan Road".
Yi people "an Xi jumps over the moon"
People usually refer to the Yi people living in Maitreya, Xuanliang and Kunming in Yunnan as "Axi". According to legend, in the era of slash-and-burn cultivation, the Ashi people often worked barefoot on the land where the ashes were not extinguished after burning, and jumped up because their feet were burned, and their mouths kept shouting: "Oh! Ah! " So after work, people imitate this movement and dance happily, which is liked by men, women and children. Because young men and women often like to jump in the moonlight, it is called "Axi jumping on the moon". When dancing, the man plays the three strings and piccolo, and the woman dances in a circle with high five. When the dance reached its climax, the dancers played, sang and danced enthusiastically.
The accompaniment instruments of "A Xi Yue Yue" are mainly three strings, including bamboo flute, erhu and three strings. Music is a low beat.
Peacock dance and elephant foot drum of Dai nationality;
The Dai people living in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province are a nation that can sing and dance well. Whenever the Songkran Festival or the harvest season, singing and dancing all night, known as "millet yellow, Dai crazy". Dai dance can be divided into several types:
1) Most simulated dances are animal-like, such as peacock dance, White Elephant Dance, Butterfly Dance, Fish Dance and Monkey Dance. ,
2) Life dance expresses labor life, such as rowing dance, fishing dance and flower picking dance.
3) Self-entertainment dance is a group dance in festivals or other festive activities, such as flashing light dance and elephant foot drum dance.
4) ceremonial dances such as court dances, sacrificial dances and fan dances;
5) Singing and dancing, such as Twelve Horses and Yan Yan. The most popular folk dances among the Dai people are peacock dance, Elephant Foot Drum and Guang Jia Dance.
Peacock dance is called "Luo Jiayong", "Jia Luo Lang" and "Fannan Nuo" in Dai language. There are different names such as Golden peacock dance, Green peacock dance, Peacock Princess Dance and Peacock Prop Dance, which are collectively called peacock dance. Dai people regard peacocks as auspicious symbols, and pin their wishes and ideals by dancing peacock dance.
Peacock dance has different forms, such as solo, duet and group dance. In the past, peacock dance dancers were all men, and folk artists performed peacock dance for toasting. In Ruili, Menglian, Gengma and Mengding, almost every village has many experts and full-time artists who can dance peacock dance. At major festivals or grand gatherings, peacock dance dancers wear tower helmet masks and clothes painted with peacock feathers. Accompanied by elephant's foot drums, gongs, cymbals and cymbals, it simulates the posture of peacocks going down the mountain, peeping in the forest, walking in the forest, drinking water in the spring and flapping their wings. Dancers have light feet and changeable hands, and the typical "crown-shaped" hands resemble peacock heads. Every movement of peacock dance is accompanied by a corresponding drum, which has a relatively complete drum spectrum.
Elephant-foot drum is a percussion instrument, named after its shape, and it is also said that it is made by imitating elephant-foot drum. Elephant foot drum dance is a male dance. The dancer is wearing an elephant foot drum with bunches of peacock feathers tied at the end of the drum, beating and jumping. There are many ways to play the elephant foot drum, such as beating the drum edge and drum center, playing with one finger, two fingers and four fingers, playing with one hand, playing with both hands or fists, playing with palms and elbows, and kicking with toes and heels. Drums are complex and changeable, and various drum languages can be struck. In the elephant-foot drum dance, elephants and peacocks are inseparable, which is a symbol of good fortune and happiness in the hearts of Dai people.
Night club music of Gaoshan nationality
Gaoshan people mainly live in the mountainous areas of Taiwan Province Island and Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, and there is a folk song and dance form, which is mainly popular in the residential areas of Cao people and Bunong people near Sun Moon Lake and Zhangzhou, Fujian Province.
When night falls, Gaoshan women gather around the stone mortar for cooking to enjoy the cool. Some people sing beautiful songs. Accompanied by singing, the dancers danced around the stone mortar with a long pestle more than one person high. Sometimes they move back and forth from left to right, sometimes they turn with a pestle, and sometimes they beat the stone mortar. The pleasant sound of knocking on the stone mortar and singing produce a harmonious sound.