Figure skating (figure skating) originated in Britain in the 18th century, and then rapidly developed in Germany, the United States, Canada and other European and American countries. 1772 British Royal Artillery Lieutenant Johnson (Robert Johnson) wrote the "On Skating" published in London, which is the world's first published books involving figure skating. In 1863, the American ballet artist Haines (Jackson Haines) will skating and dance art into one, touring in Europe, enriched the content and form of figure skating. 1868 the United States of America Daniel Mey (Daniel Mey) and George Mey (George Mey) for the first time to perform the pairs skating, this is the world's documented The first figure skating competition was held in Austria in 1872, the first World Men's Single Figure Skating Championships were held in Petersburg, Russia in 1896, the first World Women's Single Figure Skating Championships were held in Davos, Switzerland in 1906, and the first World Dance on Ice Championships were held in Paris, France in 1952. Figure skating ice rink length 56 ~ 61 meters, width 26 ~ 30 meters, the thickness of the ice is not less than 3 ~ 5 cm. 1924 was listed as the first Winter Olympic Games competition. There are men's and women's singles skating (included in 1924), men's and women's pairs skating (included in 1924) and ice dance (included in 1976) 4 competition items. Each country and region is limited to three people (teams) per event.
Single skating Men's single skating and women's single skating. The competition is held in the order of short program and free skating, the first day of short program, the second day of free skating. ① short program: athletes must complete a set of jumps, spins, joint jumps, joint spins *** 8 movements and connecting steps choreographed in 2 minutes and 40 seconds of the specified time. The referee will first assess the points for the required movements according to the quality and difficulty of the movements completed by the athletes, and then assess the performance points according to the balance of the content choreography, the consistency of the music, as well as the speed, posture, and expression of the musical characteristics. The full score of each item is 6 points, and the sum of the two scores is the score of the athletes. Those who score more rankings. Free Skating: Athletes choose their own music, men in the stipulated 4 minutes and 30 seconds, women in the stipulated 4 minutes to complete a set of choreographed balanced, by jumping, rotating, footwork, and a variety of postures composed of skating action. The judges will assess the technical level and performance points according to the difficulty, quantity and quality of the athletes' movements, as well as the content of the choreography, music, posture, expression, originality, and use of space. The method of scoring and determining the ranking is the same as the short program.
Pair Skating: One man and one woman will compete in pair. The competition will be held in the order of pairs short program and pairs free skating, pairs short program on the first day and pairs free skating on the second day. ①Pair Short Program: Athletes choose their own music, complete a set of pair short program within 2 minutes and 40 seconds of the prescribed time, each action is allowed to do only once, additional actions deducted points. Referee according to the athletes to complete the quality of the action, the completion of the situation, as well as the content of the choreography, music, etc. with the assessment of the required action points and performance points. Pair Free Skating: Athletes choose their own music and complete a set of self-choreographed maneuvers within the stipulated 4 minutes and 30 seconds. The referee will assess the technical level and performance points according to the difficulty, quality, movement arrangement, music coordination, as well as posture, expression, originality and venue utilization of the athlete's completed movement. The method of scoring and determining the ranking is the same as single skating.
Dance on Ice Originating from figure skating, dance on ice began in Britain in the 1930s. It is a dance style that emphasizes the expression of music through movement. 1937 was the first ice dance championship held in England, and since 1949 it has been a separate event. A man and a woman are paired to compete. The competition is held in the order of prescribed dance, choreographed dance and free dance, with the prescribed dance on the first day, choreographed dance on the second day and free dance on the third day. (1) Prescribed Dance: Movements are completed according to prescribed music, patterns, steps and repetitions. There are 22 sets of prescribed dances***, and the International Skating Union will draw lots to determine two sets for the next year's competition. Judges assess technical and performance points based on the quality of the athlete's completed movements and posture. ② Created Dance: also known as stereotyped dance. Athletes choose their own music according to the prescribed rhythm, and complete a set of self-choreographed dance steps and patterns within the specified time. The judges will assess the choreography and performance points according to the movements completed by the athletes. (iii) Free Dance: Athletes choose their own music and complete a self-choreographed dance consisting of various steps, lifts, small jumps, postures, grips and other movements within the prescribed 4 minutes. The judges will assess the technical points and artistic impression points according to the quality, style and innovation of the movements completed by the athletes. The method of scoring and determining the ranking of Ice Dance is the same as Single Skating.