Original text:
Mulan Poem
Le Fu Poetry Collection [North and South Dynasties]
Ki ki and ki ki again, Mulan is weaving in the house. I do not hear the loom, but only the sighs of the women. (唯 一作：惟)
问女何所思，问女何所憶。 The woman has nothing to think about, and she has nothing to remember. Last night, I saw the military post, Khan's great point of view of the army, the army book twelve volumes, volumes have the name of the master. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that, but I'm sure I'm going to be able to do it, and I'm sure I'm going to be able to do it.
Buy a horse in the east market, a saddle blanket in the west market, a bridle in the south market, and a whip in the north market. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to get a good deal, but I'm sure I'm going to be able to get a good deal, so I'm sure I'm going to be able to get a good deal.
Ten thousand miles to the battlefield, the mountains and the passes are as if they were flying. The weather is so cold that it is hard to see the watchman's voice, and the cold light shines on the iron clothes. The generals died in a hundred battles, and the heroes returned in ten years.
Returning to see the Son of Heaven, the Son of Heaven sits in the Hall of Heaven. He was rewarded with a hundred thousand rewards for his efforts. The Khan asked what he wanted, Mulan did not need to Shangshulang, I would like to ride a thousand miles foot, send the child back to his hometown.
Masters and mothers heard the daughter to come, out of the Guo Xiang Fu will be; sister heard sister to come, when the household red makeup; little brother heard sister to come, sharpening the knife to the pigs and sheep. I've opened the door to the East Pavilion and sat on the bed in the West Pavilion. Take off my war-time robe and put on my old-time clothes. I take off my war-time robe and put on my old-time clothes. I take care of my temples in front of the window and post my flowers in the mirror. When I went out to see my companions, they were all busy: I had traveled with them for twelve years, but I didn't know that Mulan was a girl.
The male rabbit's feet are fluttering, the female rabbit's eyes are confused; the two rabbits are walking along the ground, how can I tell if I am male or female?
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Translation:
Sighs came one after another. followed by one as Mulan weaved against the door of her room. The sound of the loom weaving its shuttle could not be heard, only Mulan sighing.
Ask Mulan what she is thinking about. What are you thinking about? Mulan replied: I'm not thinking about anything, and I'm not thinking about anything. Last night I saw the conscription paperwork, the monarch is on a mass conscription, and there are many rolls of the conscription roster, and my father's name is on every roll. My father has no oldest son, I have no older brother, and Mulan is willing to go to the marketplace to buy saddles and horses for this purpose, and henceforth begin to go on campaigns in my father's place.
Buy steeds, saddles, under-saddle pads, chews, reins, and whips at various places in the bazaar. Leaving her parents in the morning to go on the road and camping by the Yellow River at night, she could not hear her parents calling for her daughter, but only the sound of the Yellow River rushing and flowing. Leaving the Yellow River in the morning to go on the road, and arriving at Heishantou in the evening, I could not hear my parents calling for my daughter, but only heard the chirping of the Hu people's war horses.
Running to the battlefield from thousands of miles away, flying as if across a pass, over a mountain peak. At night the cold air of the north transmits the sound of beating the night watch, the cold moonlight shines on the armor of the generals. The generals had fought hundreds of battles, some had died for their country, and some had returned victorious after many years of fighting.
When they returned from their victory, they met with the emperor, who sat in the hall and rewarded them. He gave Mulan a great honor and rewarded her with a lot of goods. The Son of Heaven asked Mulan what she wanted, and Mulan said she did not want to be a Shangshu Lang, and wished to ride a thousand-mile horse and send me back to my hometown on a fast horse.
The parents, hearing that their daughter had returned, helped each other to meet her outside the city; the sister, hearing that her sister had returned, combed and dressed herself against the portal; the brother, hearing that his sister had returned, was busy hobnobbing and sharpening his knife to kill the pigs and slaughter the sheep. Open the doors of my east and west pavilions, and sit on my bed. Take off the war robes you wore in the war, put on your former daughter's clothes, face the window and the mirror to comb your hair that is as soft as a cloud, and put flowers and yellow on your forehead. Going out to meet the partners who fought together, the partners are surprised, campaigning peers for so many years, but did not know that Mulan is a woman.
When the rabbit's ears were suspended in mid-air, the male rabbit's two front feet moved from time to time, and the female rabbit's two eyes squinted from time to time, so it was easy to recognize. How can you tell which rabbit is the male and which is the female when they are running close to the ground?
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Notes:
Ki (jī): a sigh of relief. jī): a sighing sound, meaning that Mulan is unmotivated to weave and stops the machine to sigh. It is said to be the sound of a loom.
当户 (dāng hù): to the door.
The sound of the loom (zhù): the sound made by the loom. The loom: the loom. Loom: the loom shuttle (suō).
Only: only.
Ho: what.
Remembrance: to miss, to think of
Military post (tiě): a document for conscription.
Khan (kè hán): the name given to the monarch by the peoples of the Northwest in ancient times
Twelve volumes of the military book: many volumes of the roster of conscripts. Twelve, meaning many, is not a definite reference. The following words "twelve turns" and "twelve years" are used in the same way.
Master: like "阿爷" below, it refers to the father.
Would like to saddle (ān) horses for the city: for, for this reason. The city is a place to buy. Saddle horse, referring to horses and harnesses in general.
Blanket (jiān): the pad under the saddle.
bridle (pèi) head: the chewing, cage head and reins used for harnessing animals.
resignation: to leave, to resign.
Splash (jiān jiān): the sound of water shooting.
Dan: morning.
But heard: only heard
Hu riding (jì): war horses of the Hu people. Hu, an ancient name for a northern minority.
chirp (jiū jiū): the sound of a horse calling.
Miles to Rongji: not far from ten thousand miles, running to the battlefield. Rongji: refers to war.
Guan Shan Du Ruo Fei: to cross a pass or a mountain like flying.
Shuozhuang: the mountains are like flying, like flying over the mountains.
Shuò (朔)气传金柝: the cold air in the north transmits the sound of beatings. Shuo, the north. Watchman JIN (tuò), or Diao Dou. It was an iron pot used in the ancient army for cooking during the day and for reporting the watchman's watch at night.
Cold Light Shining on Iron Clothes: The cold moonlight shines on the armor of the generals.
Mingtang: bright hall, here refers to the palace
Chexun twelve turns: to remember great merits. Caixun: to record the merits. Turn, each level of honor is called a turn, twelve turns for the highest level of honor. Twelve revolutions is not a definite number, but describes a very high level of merit.
Reward Hundred Thousand Strong (qiáng): reward a lot of property. Hundred thousand: describes a large number. Qiang (qiáng): to reward a lot of possessions.
Ask what you want: ask (Mulan) what you want.
No need: not willing to do.
Shangshulang: an official of the Shangshu Province. Shangshu Province was an organ in the ancient imperial court that managed the political affairs of the state.
Wish to Ride a Thousand Miles of Foot: wish to ride a thousand miles of horse.
Guo: the outer city.
Fu: to support. Will: auxiliary word, not translated.
Sister (zǐ): sister.
Li: combing.
Red makeup (zhuāng): a woman's colorful attire.
Huohuo (huò huò): onomatopoeia, the sound of sharpening a knife.
zhuó (zhuó)：通假字 通 "着"，穿。
Cloud temples (bìn): cloud-like temples, describing good-looking hair.
Tiē (tiē)花黄：Tiē (tiē) means "to put on". It is a kind of facial decoration for women in ancient times.
The male rabbit's feet flutter, the female rabbit's eyes are confused: it is said that when the rabbit's ears are suspended in mid-air, the male rabbit's two front feet flutter, and the female rabbit's two eyes squint, which makes it easy to recognize the rabbit. Fluttering, moving. Disoriented, squinting.
Two rabbits walk along the ground, how can I tell if I am a male or a female: two rabbits run along the ground, how can I tell which one is a male rabbit and which one is a female rabbit?
"Fire": the word "gang". In ancient times, people who fought together at war used the same pot to eat, which was later translated as people who traveled together.
Row: pronounced háng.
Walking alongside (bàng) the ground: running side by side against the ground.
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Composition background:
The era in which it arose The era of its creation has been the subject of many different opinions, but from the historical and geographical conditions can be determined that the matter and the poem may be produced after the Wei Dynasty, the poem was produced in the folk, in the process of long-term circulation, there are traces of later generations of literati embellishments, but basically still preserved the characteristics of the folk song is easy to memorize and easy to recite. Most scholars believe that the Mulan Poem was produced in the late Northern Dynasties.
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Appreciation:
The Mulan Poem Mulan Poem" is a long narrative poem about a girl named Mulan who disguised herself as a man, joined the army on behalf of her father, built up merits on the battlefield, and then returned to the imperial court unwilling to serve as an official but only wanted to go home for reunion. It warmly praises the woman's courageous and kind-hearted qualities, her passion for protecting the family and defending the country as well as her bravery and intrepid spirit. The whole poem uses "Mulan is a girl" to conceptualize the legendary story of Mulan, which is rich in romantic color; the arrangement of details is very ingenious, although the subject of war is written, but more ink is used in the scenes of life and children's feelings, which is rich in the flavor of life; the characters' questions and answers and the techniques of laying out, composing, pairing, and intertextualization are used to describe the characters' moods and to characterize their psychology, which are vivid and meticulous, and the spirit is vivid and vivid, and the spirit leaps out of the poem. The work is vivid and detailed, and the spirit is vivid, which makes the work have a strong artistic influence.
The first paragraph is about Mulan's decision to join the army on her father's behalf. The poem opens with the sound of the loom, showing the scene of Mulan weaving. Then, Mulan stops the loom and sighs, not wanting to weave, which makes people wonder and leads to a question and answer, revealing Mulan's mind. The reason why Mulan sighed was not because of her daughter's concern, but because her father was recruited by the Emperor, and since her father was already old and there was no eldest son in the family, she decided to join the army on her father's behalf.
The second paragraph, write Mulan prepare to go out and run to the battlefield. "East market to buy steeds ......" four lines of platitudes, write Mulan nervous to buy war horses and riding gear, expressed the extreme importance of this matter, only two days to go through, exaggeratedly expressed the Mulan marching speed, military urgency, the mood of eagerness, make people feel the The war atmosphere is so tense that it makes people feel the tension. In the poem, it is written that the sound of the Yellow River and the Yanshan Hu riding is "chirping", which also sets off Mulan's feeling of homesickness.
The third paragraph summarizes Mulan's ten years of war. "Ten thousand miles to the military, Guanshan Du Ruofei", summarizes the content of the eight sentences of the above "Dan speech ......", exaggeratedly depicted Mulan across the war horse, ten thousand miles, running to the battlefield, flying over a road, a pass, a mountain. The cold light reflects on the icy cold of her body. The cold light reflects the cold armor on the body. "Generals die in a hundred battles, strong soldiers return in ten years", summarizes the war is protracted, the battle is fierce and tragic. Generals ten years of war, after a brutal battle, some died in battle, some returned. The valiant Mulan, however, was one of the generals who were lucky enough to survive and return victorious.
The fourth paragraph, write Mulan return to the court resignation. First write Mulan court to see the son of heaven, and then write Mulan merit is great, the son of heaven rewarded more, and then to Mulan resignation, willing to return to their hometown. "Mulan does not need to Shangshulang" and would like to "return to her hometown", of course, is her nostalgia for the home life, but also has its own secret, that is, she is a daughter. The son of heaven does not know the bottom, Mulan inconvenient to say, quite a dramatic meaning.
The fifth paragraph is about Mulan's reunion with her relatives. First of all, the parents and siblings each act in accordance with the identity, gender and age, describing the joyful atmosphere at home, showing the strong affection; and then Mulan's series of actions, writing her affectionate feelings towards her hometown and her love for her daughter's make-up, a natural daughter's attitude, showing the joy that she couldn't help but feel upon her return; and finally, as the end of the story and the culmination of the whole poem, it is the comedic scene in which Mulan who has resumed the attire of a daughter and meets with her partners.
Sixth
The sixth stanza ends with a metaphor. With the metaphor of two rabbits running together, it is difficult to distinguish between male and female, which is a clever answer to the mystery of Mulan's disguise as a man and her father's military service, which has remained undiscovered for many years, which is both interesting and evocative.
The depiction of several events in the poem is appropriately detailed, with the first, second, third, sixth and seventh stanzas describing Mulan's daughter's feelings, and the fourth and fifth stanzas describing her heroism on the battlefield. From the content, the poem highlights the feelings of children, enriches the character of heroes, and makes the character image more real and touching. The structure of the poem makes the whole poem seem concise and compact.
The poem portrays the immortal character of Mulan, which is rich in legend but also touching. Mulan is both a strange woman and an ordinary person, both a heroine and a common girl, both a strong warrior and a beautiful daughter. She is hard-working and kind-hearted and resolute and brave, simple and plain and quick-witted and lively, loves her relatives and serves her country, and loves peaceful life without admiring her high position and wealth.
The Mulan Poem is a rare masterpiece in the history of Chinese poetry, in which an immortal heroine was portrayed for the first time as a substitute for her father in the army, which is rich in legendary colors and truly touching. Mulan is both a strange woman and an ordinary person, both a heroine and a common girl, both a strong warrior and a beautiful daughter. She is hard-working and kind-hearted and resolute and brave, simple and plain and quick-witted and lively, loves her relatives and serves the country, and loves peaceful life without admiring the high rank and rich salary. Mulan has a full range of heroic character and female characteristics. Kind and courageous by nature, calm and resourceful, and perseverance are the necessary connotations of Mulan's heroic character, and her unlimited love and devotion to her parents and motherland are the greatest source of spiritual power of her heroic character. Mulan Poetry creates a Chinese style of comedic spirit, the quality of which is the integration of Chinese traditional moral spirit, optimism and sense of humor. This Chinese style of comedy is very different from the Western comedy characterized by satire. Mulan Poetry fully embodies the natural strengths of Chinese folk songs, with the prominent use of arrangement, exaggeration, imagery and suspense, which are highly effective in rendering atmosphere and characterization.
In the past, it was believed that Mulan Poetry was produced on the basis of the social customs of the Northern Dynasties, which were characterized by martial arts. However, the mainstream of the historical development of the Northern Dynasties was the acceptance of the agricultural civilization by the nomads living in Northern China, and then the acceptance of the Chinese culture, which was eventually transformed into the Chinese culture. In this poem, even if Mulan's family was originally from the Xianbei ethnic group, it has long been sinicized. "Mulan when the household weaving", is a proof. Mulan's return to her family, and the deep sense of propriety in the family's celebration, is another proof. In particular, Mulan's joining the army in her father's place highly reflects her love for her parents and her loyalty to the motherland, which is highly reflective of the spirit of Chinese culture. Therefore, it should be said that the foundation of Mulan Poetry is the fusion of traditional Chinese culture and the martial customs of the Northern Dynasties, and the fundamental spirit of Mulan Poetry is the spirit of Chinese culture.