1. Master the characteristics of lyrical prose blending with scenes, and improve the ability to appreciate the blending with scenes.
2. Learn the author's language skills: skillfully use metaphors and synaesthesia, and carefully choose verbs and reduplications.
3. Train the overall ability to perceive and think about language.
Process and method
1. This article has beautiful language and vivid scenery. It is necessary to strengthen reading training so that students can be naturally infected and appreciate the charm of the article.
2. Understand the key sentences and improve the ability to understand the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the article.
Emotional attitudes and values
1. Guide students to pay attention to society and pursue their ideals.
2. Cultivate students' healthy aesthetic taste.
Teaching focus
Appreciate the concise and beautiful language of landscape writing and its expression effect.
Teaching difficulties
Taste and understand the writing characteristics of the text, scene blending, "situational language" and "emotional language"
training/teaching aid
multimedia courseware
Class arrangement
2 class hours
teaching process
first kind
[introducing new lessons]
Projection.
Swallows have gone, and there is a time to come again; Willow withered, there is a time to green again; The peach blossom withered, but it blossomed again. But, smart, tell me, why are our days gone forever? Someone stole them: who is that? Where is it hidden? They escaped by themselves: where are they now? ……
("hurry")
Looking forward to, looking forward to, the east wind is coming, and the pace of spring is approaching.
Everything looked like I had just woken up, and I opened my eyes with joy. The mountains are moist, the water is long, and the sun is blushing. ……
(spring)
Reading Mr. Zhu Ziqing's prose, we can often feel a kind of simplicity and classicality in the tenderness revealed in the article.
Elegant and poetic beauty. Today, accompanied by moonlight, we will go to the lotus pond in Jingchun Garden, West Campus of Tsinghua, where Mr. Zhu Ziqing walks every day to feel the beautiful scenery.
[Promote new courses]
Teacher: First of all, please read the text freely and find out what this article is about.
Students read aloud freely.
Teacher: Please tell us, what is the content of this article?
Health: I mainly wrote about what the author saw and thought when he walked in the lotus pond on a moonlit night.
Teacher: Good point. The word "what you see and think" is more accurate. Then, can you tell me the general content of this "seeing" and "thinking"?
Health: I saw the moon and trees and thought of some poems.
Teacher: Please sit down. Yes, if we only look at it from the perspective of "seeing and thinking", the content of the article does not exceed the summary of this classmate. However, in the process of reading just now, you must have felt that the author's mood at that time was revealed in these "seeing" and "thinking" contents. For example, the first sentence at the beginning of the article says-
Health: (Qi A) "I'm quite upset these days."
Teacher: Yes, that's it. We call it the "literary eye" of this article. (Write the word "Yan Wen" on the blackboard) The so-called "Yan Wen", as its name implies, is a sentence that can reflect the main idea of the article. This sentence reminds us what to pay attention to when reading this article.
Health: (noisily) Understand what kind of mood the author expresses, why he is not quiet, and how to express this agitation. ...
Teacher: Good. Next, we will follow the footsteps of the author walking in the lotus pond to see how the author's "seeing and thinking" and "my heart is quite uneasy these days" are related. Next, I will let some students read the first three paragraphs. Who will go first?
Some students raised their hands.
Teacher: Good. Please ask this classmate.
Students read paragraphs 1 to 3.
Teacher: Please comment. How does he read?
Health: I think it's a good book. The speed of speech is more in line with the scene of walking at that time.
Health: His first sentence is similar to what I handled, which can highlight the meaning of worry.
Health: I think he didn't handle the whole third paragraph well enough and lacked a "free" mood. In particular, the phrase "I will just enjoy the boundless moonlight with lotus fragrance" should mean happiness.
Teacher: It seems that all the judges are competent. (Laughter) What they said is justified. Indeed, the author's feelings should change in these three paragraphs. As several students said, at first it was "restless" and there was a feeling of boredom. Next, he wants to "enjoy the boundless moonlight with lotus fragrance". At this time, the author seems to want to find a way out.
Students meditate, nod and occasionally whisper.
Teacher: Since the author is talking about "benefits", how to explain (pause) "benefits" here is better?
Health: It means "enjoy … enjoy".
Teacher: Yes. So it is also reasonable for this classmate to say that he should read a happy mood just now. Next, let's see what kind of scenery the author appreciates. Who will read the fourth paragraph?
The students read the fourth paragraph aloud.
Teacher: Please sum it up first. What scenes did the author write in this passage? What are the characteristics of these landscapes?
Health 1: There are leaves and flowers. Writing about leaves is mainly about writing a lot, such as "I look forward to the leaves in Tian Tian", and writing that leaves are very high. Writing about flowers means writing about how flowers bloom, such as "some bloom gracefully, some bloom shyly."
Health 2: When I wrote about flowers, I also wrote about their fragrance. "The breeze blows, bringing a faint fragrance, like a faint song on a tall building in the distance."
Teacher: Let me ask you a question. What are the characteristics of the flowers written here?
Health 2: The fragrance of flowers is not very strong, but there is none.
Teacher: If so, if not, that's good. So what's the difference between the author's writing about flowers like this and directly writing "If there are flowers, if not"?
Health 2: (hesitating) ... I don't know.
Teacher: Please sit down. Think about it and discuss it.
Health: (discussion) should be more vivid, right?
Teacher: Then how do you imagine these flowers?
Health: ...
Teacher: Listen to the sentence, "He smiles so sweetly". What kind of expression is "laughing so sweetly" here?
See the students' doubts and show the projection.
Projection. Exodus 1: Suddenly, it is a lush grassland, like music full of love. (Liu, Three Days on the Yangtze River)
Example 2: Singing, like a star in a dark sky, gets brighter as you listen to it, like the hands of several goddesses, pressing the key of life together. (Zang
G family "Spring Birds")
Exodus 3: Free flying flowers are as light as dreams, and endless silk rain is as fine as sorrow. (Qin Guan)
Synaesthesia is a kind of clever transplantation of words suitable for the first-level senses to the second-level senses, which makes the various senses ditch each other.
Common figures of speech. Because the senses have shifted, this metaphor is also called empathy.
Teacher: Do you understand? Can you combine these sentences and talk about how they use the rhetorical device of "synaesthesia"?
The sentence of 1 compares grass to music, and the change from vision to hearing should describe the quiet feeling that grass looks like.
Health: The sentence in Example 2 compares singing to a star, which changes from hearing to vision to show the feeling of seeing the light brought by singing.
Health: Example 3 is full of melancholy by linking the invisible sadness in the heart with the visible rain outside.
Health: At first glance, these sentences all look like metaphors.
Teacher: That's all right. Indeed, some scholars believe that synaesthesia is a metaphor. Mr. Qian Zhongshu used two examples to illustrate this metaphor-like language phenomenon: "light" is felt visually, "sound" is felt by hearing, and they can communicate with each other under certain conditions. The "heat" in "excitement" can be felt by touch, and the "noise" can be felt by hearing. We often say that "it's very lively here", that is, we can get through the visual and auditory feelings. And "coldness" and "stillness" in "calmness" also connect touch and hearing. The advantage of this figure of speech is to enhance the appeal and vividness of sentences by mobilizing the participation of various senses. For example, what two feelings did this sentence in the text get through?
Health: hearing and smell.
Teacher: OK. Next, please read this paragraph again and choose some sentences you like.
Students read aloud, and teachers patrol to guide reading skills.
Teacher: Please talk about the sentences you appreciate.
Health: "The leaves are high above the water, like a graceful dance skirt." This sentence uses a strange metaphor, using skirts as a metaphor for leaves.
Teacher: Then can you tell me what characteristics this sentence shows about leaves?
Health: Write the shape of the lotus leaf. Dancers' skirts should refer to their dance skirts, which can move with the dancers' movements.
Get up.
Teacher: You are very imaginative. So how can this sentence be written?
Health: metaphor, to write static.
Teacher: You understand very well. Can you give some examples of dynamic writing and static writing?
Health: (temporarily unable to respond) ...
Teacher: Please sit down. You have understood this sentence very well. Let me give another example: the branches of red apricots are full of spring. Does this poem use this method?
Health: Yes. The scene of apricot blossom was written with the verb "make trouble". It seems that the peach blossoms are also moving.
Teacher: Not bad. In the future, we should pay more attention to this kind of method of writing static by moving, and understand their function of "living" still life. Ok, please continue to talk.
Health: "The breeze blows, bringing a wisp of fragrance, as if it were a faint song from a distant building." At this time, the leaves and flowers also trembled slightly, like lightning, passing through the lotus pond in an instant. "In addition to using synaesthesia, I think the author's careful observation is also worth learning. Because if you only write static lotus leaves, it will be a bit boring.
Teacher: You speak very well and have good taste! Indeed, the author seized the moment of "moving" and made a change in the quiet lotus pond on a moonlit night. In fact, is this change to highlight "dynamic" or "static"?
Health: We should emphasize "quietness".
Teacher: Do you agree?
The students nodded in agreement.
Teacher: Good. Lotus leaf, lotus flower, lotus fragrance and the "wave mark" formed by the breeze are exactly what the author saw at this time. In short, it is a lotus pond in the moonlight.
Blackboard writing: the lotus pond in the moonlight.
Teacher: Next, let's look at the fifth paragraph. Please summarize the main description objects of this paragraph first.
Students read and think silently. -
Teacher: What is "look" here?
Health: I mainly wrote moonlight.
Teacher: Yes. The "seeing" in this paragraph is really based on moonlight, so please summarize what angles and techniques the author used to write moonlight in this paragraph.
Health 1: metaphor. For example, "moonlight is like running water, quietly pouring on this leaf and flower." This sentence uses the metaphor of "running water" to make the moonlight move.
Teacher: There is another verb-
Health 1: diarrhea.
Teacher: Yes. However, what is this "diarrhea"?
Health 1: "Quiet", very quiet.
Teacher: So, this word also conforms to the characteristics of the environment at that time-
Health 1: moonlit night.
Health 2: Here the author also writes light with shadows. For example, "the bushes at high places cast jagged and mottled shadows, which are as steep as ghosts;" The sparse shadows of curved willows are like paintings on lotus leaves. "
Teacher: (Question) Besides using shadows to write light, what other techniques are there?
Health 2: once again, the rhetoric of synaesthesia is used here. For example, the sentence "Light and shadow have a harmonious melody, like a famous song played by Van Gogh" has changed from vision to hearing.
Teacher: (Encourage) to apply what you have learned. You soon mastered the rhetoric of synaesthesia. Next, let's take a look at these words mentioned by the students above. In fact, they are written for an object from two angles. Which two angles?
Health: (discuss) the front and the side.
Teacher: Good! After knowing what the author "saw", we can summarize the content of this paragraph in one sentence-
Moonlight on the Lotus Pond.
Teacher: Now, please read these two paragraphs again freely and pay attention to what effect the author has achieved by using various expressions.
Effect.
Students can read freely.
[knowledge expansion]
Teacher: Please close your textbook. Let's do a quiz.
Projection.
(1), the leaves are the most attractive. Leaves are high above the water, like dancers' leaves.
Skirt. There are some white flowers scattered among the leaves. ...
(2) The breeze blows, bringing a burst of fragrance, as if it were a faint song on a tall building in the distance.
(3) The leaves are side by side, so there are obvious ripples.
(4) There is running water under the leaves, which is covered and can't see some colors; Leaves are more exposed to the wind.
(5) Moonlight, like running water, pours on this leaf and flower. "
(6) blue mist is floating in the lotus pond.
Although it is a full moon, there is a cloud in the sky, so it can't shine.
Teacher: Please fill in the blanks according to your memory just now.
Students are enthusiastic and fill in the blanks in turn, which is basically consistent with the original text.
Teacher: It seems that everyone is familiar with the text. It is not difficult for you!
Laugh.
Teacher: Yes, please think about it. What are the characteristics of these words?
Health: They are all overlapping words.
Teacher: Yes. Can you talk about the advantages of using these words here?
Health 1: easy to read, unhurried and easy to remember.
Health 2: It has a strong decorative effect. For example, "there is running water under the leaves" makes people think of "love and affection". It seems that water has feelings.
Teacher: Great!
Health 3: I think these words can also express the characteristics of the scenery more accurately. For example, the words "Tian Tian" and "Mimi" describe many leaves; "Moonlight is like running water, pouring quietly on this leaf and flower", and "stillness" shows the slow and soothing appearance of running water.
Health 4: This sentence, "Although it is a full moon, there are faint clouds in the sky." This "faint" not only describes the clouds, but also describes that the moonlight is not very bright and a little fuzzy.
Teacher: (questioning) Your discovery is very important. Not only this sentence, but also the use of overlapping words in one sentence has caused this
It means-
Health 4: That's the phrase "thin green fog floats on the lotus pond".
Teacher: Yes. You see, these two sentences, one is about the moon in the sky and the other is about-
Health: (noisily) Fog on the lotus pond, flowers in the water. ...
Teacher: (laughs) What a beautiful place to see flowers in the fog and the moon in the water! (The student smiles knowingly) Is that right?
Health: (laughs) Not really.
Teacher: There seems to be no moon in the water, and it is certain to see flowers in the fog. (Laughing) Well, what did the thin blue mist do to the leaves and flowers? How did the faint clouds make the moon hang in the sky?
Health: There is green yarn in my dream, so I can't shine.
Teacher: As the ancient poem says, "The smoke cage is cold, and the moon cage is cold", we can sum up this environment in one word. What's the right word?
Health: (Qi Answer) Hazy.
Teacher: Great! It seems that we have a deep understanding of the function of reduplication here. Let's look at this again.
Give a few examples.
Projection.
Pear flower courtyard melts the moon, and the catkin pond has a faint wind. (Yan Shu)
Slow voice
Li Qingzhao
Looking around, lonely and sad. It's the hardest to stop breathing when it's warm and cold.
Three glasses and two glasses of wine, how can you beat him? It's late in the wind.
Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance.
Yellow flowers are piled all over the floor. Who can pick it now?
Looking out the window, how can a person be dark?
Indus is raining in Mao Mao, dripping at dusk.
This time, the first one is always a sad word!
Teacher: Please talk about the effect of using reduplication in these two works.
L: "Dissolution" seems to be about the moonlight scene in the yard, while "Faint" is about the feeling of the breeze blowing on your face. It seems very comfortable.
Health 2: Li Qingzhao's songs seem to make people feel bad when they see the author at that time.
Teacher: This classmate speaks these fourteen words of Li Qingzhao very well. As for this sentence of Yan Shu, it is not a happy mood, but a melancholy. It can be understood as the poet's melancholy feelings, such as the moonlight in this courtyard and the breeze on the pond, which can't be blown away or brushed away. We noticed that the reduplication here, like what we saw in the article, has the function of increasing the musical beauty of the work, which is catchy, crisp and pleasant to read and easy to remember. In the future, when reading, whether prose or poetry, you can feel its rich expressive force.
[course summary]
Teacher: Through today's study, we can see that the article Moonlight on the Lotus Pond is very delicate and moving, creating an ancient and elegant artistic conception. Reading this part of the text, one picture clearly appears in front of our eyes: green fields, lotus flowers, fragrance, running water and moonlight. There are poems here, paintings here, and feelings here. In such an environment, we can feel the author's faint joy. However, we still have a question, that is, the anxiety revealed by the author's opening statement that "my heart is quite uneasy these days" has melted in this moonlight and on this lotus pond? What will be the author's mood? Please study this article after class to find the answer.
Class is over!
[homework]
1. Read and recite paragraphs 4 and 5.
2. Finish an article 20. It is best to use metaphors, personification, etc. Write landscape figures in about two words, and it is best to consider using overlapping words or writing one or two synaesthesia sentences.
Second lesson
[introducing new lessons]
1. Check the recitation.
2. Comment on the exercise.
[Promote new courses]
Teacher: In the last class, we walked out of the house with the author and enjoyed the dim and simple artistic conception of the lotus pond and the moonlight under the moon. Wang Guowei, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, has a saying about the artistic conception in literary works, "There is a realm of me, but there is no realm of me. When there is my realm, I look at things, so everything is my color. " When talking about the relationship between love and scenery, he said, "All scenery words are love words." So what is the relationship between the scenery described by the author and the feelings in the author's heart in the article Moonlight on the Lotus Pond? Please find some sentences that can express the author's mood in the text.
L: "I'm the only one on the road, walking around with my hands behind my back." This world seems to be mine; I also like to go beyond my usual self and go to another world. I love excitement and peace; Like to live in groups, like to be alone. Just like tonight, under this boundless moon, a person thinks about everything and thinks nothing, and feels like a free person. What must be done and said during the day can be ignored now. This is the beauty of being alone, and I will enjoy the boundless moonlight with lotus fragrance. "The meaning here seems to mean to get rid of something, so he said to be alone.
Teacher: (laughs) That's what it means. It seems that you have had a similar experience? As the saying goes, "There is sorrow in the heart", and people's mood is sometimes the same! However, why does the author want to stay alone for a while at this time?
Health 2: The author has such a sentence in the sixth paragraph: "At this time, the most lively is the cicada sound in the tree and the frog sound in the water;" But the excitement is theirs, and I have nothing. "This shows that the author is somewhat lost at this time and has nothing to do with the excitement here. "
Teacher: Is it more lonely?
Health 2: Yes. .
Teacher: That's right. So this is different from the joy in the scenery described above?
Health 2: Yes. At this point, the author's mood has dropped a little.
Teacher: Good. Your answer reminds us that the author's mood is not always in a happier direction.
Yes You can follow this change and see how the author's mood changes.
Health 3: Still the writer's mood falls back.
Teacher: Tell me about your basis.
Health 3: Because there is such a sentence below, "It's really interesting, but unfortunately we have no happiness to enjoy now", which means the same as "The wonderful belongs to them, and I have nothing".
Teacher: Good! Indeed, these two contents are another expression of the author's inner feelings when walking in the lotus pond at this time.
In other words, happiness is on the one hand and sadness is on the other. Think about it, the author writes about happiness by describing the moonlight in the lotus pond, so how sad is it? Or with the help of scenery description?
Students discuss.
Health: Without the help of scenery, this is mainly the writer's "thinking".
Teacher: Where did this idea come from?
Health: From the lotus pond in front of me, I thought of "Lotus Picking Fu".
Teacher: What is the content of "Lotus-picking Fu"?
Health: The girls are swinging boats and singing colorful songs to pick lotus.
Teacher: How does the author summarize such a scene?
Health: "It was a lively season and a romantic season."
Teacher: That is to say, the people in Cailian House-
Health: Very happy.
Teacher: Not bad. Did the author also highlight a kind of excitement before writing the sentence "excitement is theirs and I have nothing"?
Health: Yes. Cicada in the tree and frog in the water are also very lively.
Teacher: So the excitement of repeated writing here is exactly the same as the author's mood at this time-
Health: Contrast.
Teacher: Good. The author repeatedly expresses his inner feelings in a contrasting way. In fact, this kind of emotion has been shown by the author from the beginning. How can I put it?
Health: (Qi A) "I'm quite upset these days."
Teacher: I can see that the author came with a heart of seeking liberation and peace, but he was still not liberated. Do you think so?
Students talk.
Health 1: Yes. Although the author writes the moonlight on the lotus pond beautifully, this beauty, in turn, is more manifested in his heart.
Worried.
Health 2: That's what it means at the end of the article. The author wrote, "When I thought like this, I suddenly looked up and felt that it was my own door; Gently push the door in, there is no sound, and my wife has been sleeping for a long time. " It seems to be back to the scene when the author just went out, as if nothing had changed.
Teacher: How can it not change? Didn't you say at the beginning that "my wife is patting leap in the room and humming a sleep song in a daze"?
Health: That also shows the quiet environment.
Teacher: Not bad. It seems that the "quietness" in this environment runs through the whole text, and the liveliness of cicadas and frogs and the liveliness of lotus picking scenes in lotus picking fu are all in contrast with this "quietness". At the same time, it just reflects the author's heart-
Health: (Qi A) Not calm.
Teacher: OK. Just now, some key words appeared in everyone's understanding: boredom, loneliness, joy, loss, considerable anxiety and so on. It seems that the author's mood is really restless. Have you ever wondered why the author is "quite restless" inside?
Students talk.
Health 1: I saw it related to the social background at that time. It expresses the author's resentment against Chiang Kai-shek's "4 12" counter-revolutionary coup, and also expresses the author's confusion about his own destiny.
Health 2: Maybe it's a feeling of homesickness. Because the article says, "This makes me really miss Jiangnan."
Teacher: Really? Where is Zhu Ziqing from?
Health 2: Shaoxing people.
Teacher: It seems that you have really studied hard. It's good. Do you have any other understanding?
Health: ...
Teacher: The opinions expressed just now show that we have explored the works, which is a good reading habit. be
Yes, at this time, people have made many explanations for Mr. Zhu Ziqing's "quite restless". Some people think it originated from Chiang Kai-shek.
The antipathy to the "4 12" counter-revolutionary coup is related to Zhu Ziqing's ideological background at that time and the writing time of this article, which cannot be said to be unreasonable; Some people think it stems from the author's homesickness, because at the end, the author said, "This makes me miss Jiangnan at last"; Others believe that it stems from the author's anguish and hesitation at the crossroads of life as a petty-bourgeois intellectual; Some people even think that Zhu Ziqing's "agitation" stems from the disharmony of family life according to some historical materials. There are various opinions. However, we know that Mr. Zhu Ziqing, as a master of literature, is also a son, husband and father like most of us. He naturally has some feelings that are the same or similar to ours. Here, no matter what his boredom is, no matter where his "quite restless" comes from, it doesn't seem to be very important. What is important is that we read this emotion in the text, which is the meaning of literary works. However, there is one fact that we can't ignore, that is, why did the author choose Moonlight on the Lotus Pond to express his feelings?
Students talk and communicate with each other.
[knowledge expansion]
Health: I thought of the sentence "There is no demon in the clear ripple, and there is no dye in the mud". Lotus is a symbol of noble character.
The students nodded in agreement.
Teacher: Yes, not only the lotus symbolizes nobility, but also the bright moon has its symbolic significance. What poems do you think of?
Health: (repeatedly answering) I looked up and found that it was moonlight and sank again. I suddenly remembered home. . I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.
Teacher: (Laughter) Everyone's accumulation is not bad! Then do we think that the bright moon only represents homesickness?
Health: I think so.
Teacher: Not exactly. Let's look at these two poems.
Projection.
moon
Du Fu
Four more mountains spit on the moon, and the water is bright at night.
The dust box opens the mirror and the wind curtain hooks.
Rabbits should be suspicious of the hair of cranes, while toads like mink and fur.
Considering the scarcity of da ji, it is cold and resistant to nine autumn.
Yuexi
Li shangyin
Insect leaves frost under the grass, pillars press the lake light.
Rabbit cold toad cold osmanthus white. That night, the goose should be heartbroken.
Teacher: In these two poems, Du Fu's sentence "Worry about the scarcity of women, endure the cold for nine autumn" is to write about his lonely and sad life by writing Chang 'e; Li Shangyin's sentence "The rabbit is cold and the toad is cold and the osmanthus is white, but tonight it will be heartbroken." On the surface, the poet is telling the loneliness of Chang 'e in the middle of the month, but in fact it contains the poet's self-pity. This is not a matter of homesickness. With the help of the image of "the moon", the two poets intend to pin their feelings of incompetence, loneliness and frustration in real society. Then, combined with the background of the work, does the moon written by Mr. Zhu Ziqing have such a sense of hesitation and frustration?
The students were silent and thoughtful.
[course summary]
Teacher: When Zhu Ziqing wrote Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, he was a liberal intellectual. Like many literati who pursued noble character in history, he was once depressed and confused. But Mr. Zhu Ziqing always regards truth and progress as his pursuit. Therefore, 20 years later, once the fate of the motherland is linked with himself, he will resolutely integrate into the trend of the times and become a strong revolutionary and democratic fighter. When we think of Zhu Ziqing 20 years later and Zhu Ziqing who is walking in this lotus pond at the end of this month tonight, will we have some new feelings about this dull and hazy scene?
Teacher: (in the silence and meditation of the students again) Class is over!