(A biennial herb of Abelmoschus of Malvaceae)
edit
Abelmoschus manihot (scientific name: Abelmoschus manihot? (Linn。 ) Calvin. ), also known as Zhang Hong, Da Shuji and Rong Kui. Erect biennial herb, 2 meters tall, with dense bristles on stems and branches. [1] Flowers are single or double racemes with purple, pink, red and white. Flowering from June to August, capsule, oblate seeds, kidney-shaped. I like sunny days, tolerant to semi-shade, but avoid waterlogging.
Originally from Sichuan, China, it is now widely distributed in East China, Central China and North China. Originally from Sichuan, China, it was named "hollyhock". Because it can reach Zhang Xu, the flowers are mostly red, hence the name "Zhang Hong". In June, the wheat blooms when it matures, hence the name "Barley Ripe".
Young leaves and flowers are edible, and the peel is made of high-quality fiber. The whole plant is used as medicine, which has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving cough and diuresis. Roots can be used as lubricating drugs for mucosal inflammation, protection and mitigation of irritation. Anthocyanins extracted from flowers can be used as food pigments. The whole herb is used as medicine, which has the functions of clearing heat, stopping bleeding, reducing swelling and detoxifying, and treating hematemesis, blood collapse and other diseases. Stem bark contains fiber and can be used instead of hemp.
All countries in the world cultivate it for viewing.
(Overview reference source [2])
gingkgo
hollyhock
Latin scientific name
Abelmoschus manihot (Linn。 ) Calvin.
Another name
Zhang Hong, Dashuji, Rong Kui, Wu Kui, Wei Zukui, Hu Kui, Crocodile Flower, Straw Flower,
Binomial nomenclature/system
hollyhock
boundary
plant kingdom
door
Vascular endothelial cell
summary
Magnolia
subclass
Primitive perianth subclass
eye
malvaceae
The branch of academic or vocational research.
malvaceae
nationality
Malva nationality
belong to
okra
Distribution area
Widely distributed in China, including East China, Central China, North China and South China.
cultivation type
Biennial flowers and plants
catalogue
1? morphological character
2? Growth habit
3? geographical distribution
4? breeding method
sow seeds
Factory division
Cutting propagation method
5? cultivation techniques
sowing season
Soil requirements
Potting technique
6? control of insect
Rust of hollyhock
red spider
Larvae of kiss moth
leucoderma
7? Main value
enjoy
officinal
8? plant culture
Shuozhou city flower
Arima
morphological character
edit
Analysis picture of hollyhock
Erect biennial herb, 2 meters tall, with dense bristles on stems and branches. The leaves are nearly round and heart-shaped, with a diameter of 6- 16 cm, palmately 5-7 lobes or wavy edges, and the lobes are triangular or round. The middle leaf is about 3 cm long and 4-6 cm wide. The upper part is sparsely stellate and rough, and the lower part is stellate bristles or fluff. The petiole is 5- 15 cm long, star-shaped and has long bristles; Stipules ovate, ca. It is 8 mm long and has three sharp points at the top.
Flowers axillary, solitary or sub-clustered, arranged in racemes, with leaflike bracts, pedicels about 5 mm long, fruiting up to 1-2.5 cm, with stellate bristles; Bracteoles cup-shaped, usually 6-7-lobed, lobes ovate-lanceolate, long 10 mm, densely stellate, connate at base; Calyx bell-shaped, 2-3 cm in diameter, 5-toothed, lobes ovate-triangular, long 1.2- 1.5 cm, densely covered with stellate bristles; The flower is large, with a diameter of 6- 10 cm, red, purple, white, pink, yellow, black and purple, single or double petals, inverted triangle, about 4 cm long, concave apex, narrow base and bearded claws; Staminal column glabrous, about 2 cm long, filaments slender, about 2 mm long, anthers yellow; Styles are mostly branched and slightly coarse. Flowering from February to August.
The fruit is disc-shaped, about 2 cm in diameter, pubescent, with nearly round mericarps, thick back 1 mm, and longitudinal grooves. [ 1]?
Growth habit
edit
Abelmoschus manihot likes sunshine, tolerates semi-shade and avoids waterlogging. Strong saline-alkali tolerance, it can still grow in soil with 0.6% salt. Cold-resistant, can safely overwinter in the open field in North China. It grows well in loose and fertile sandy soil with good drainage and rich organic matter. [3]?
geographical distribution
edit
Originated in southwest China, it is widely distributed in China, and distributed in East China, Central China, North China and South China. Widely cultivated all over the world. [ 1]?
breeding method
edit
Abelmoschus manihot is usually propagated by sowing, and it can also be propagated by cutting. The ramet propagation is carried out in spring, and the cutting method is only used to propagate some excellent varieties. [4] In production, sowing and reproduction are the main methods, and spring sowing is the main method in North China.
sow seeds
In northern China, seeds are usually sown and flowered in the same year. The seeds germinate about a week later, and when two or three real leaves grow, transplant them once. Abelmoschus manihot seedlings are prone to damping-off, so we should strengthen the management of seedbed soil, choose humus soil, field soil and disinfect the soil, or mix pesticide soil when sowing.
Factory division
The ramet propagation can be carried out in August-September. The old plants can be dug up, and the stems and buds with fibrous roots can be regenerated and planted, and watered immediately after planting, so that they can bloom in the next year.
Cutting propagation method
Cutting can be carried out in spring, and the base of cutting has stem buds. The cuttings are 7-8 cm long and are based on sand. After cutting, they are covered to the roots. [3]?
cultivation techniques
edit
sowing season
In August and September, the seeds can be sown when they are mature, and they will bloom in the following year; Sowing in spring is not easy to blossom that year. Emerge 7 days after sowing, and be slightly covered with cold protection in winter. [5]?
According to the number of seeds of hollyhock, you can sow them on the seedbed in the open field and then transplant them, or you can plant them directly in the open field without transplanting. Autumn sowing is mostly used in the south, and it is usually advisable to sow in the open seedbed in September and germinate neatly. Spring sowing is the main method in the north. The seeds of hollyhock can be sown when they are mature, and normally the seeds can germinate in about 7 days. The germination ability of Abelmoschus manihot seeds can last for 4 years, but the seedling growth will decrease after 2 ~ 3 years of sowing. Direct seeding in the open field, if properly combined with transplanting in rainy days, can not only interplant seedlings, but also benefit from planting flowers for many years at a time.
The division of hollyhock is carried out in autumn. The clustered roots of perennial hollyhock are dug out in time, cut into several small clusters with a sharp knife, so that each cluster has two or three buds, and then planted separately. Strengthen water management slightly in spring.
Cut flowers can be cut in winter. The lateral branches germinated at the base of the old stem of hollyhock were used as cuttings, which were about 8 cm long and could be inserted into dry sand beds or pots. After insertion, cover it with plastic film and keep it moist, and place it in a cool place until it takes root. Before and after winter, electric heating wires should be laid under the bed to increase the ground temperature and accelerate the formation of new roots.
Soil requirements
Abelmoschus manihot likes cool climate, avoids summer frost, likes light, and is slightly resistant to shade; Suitable for deep, fertile and well-drained soil. [4]?
Potting technique
Water in time after planting, and combine intertillage weeding and topdressing 1-2 times before flowering. Plants are generally renewed once every four years. [5]?
The cultivation and management of hollyhock is relatively simple. When the seedlings grow two or three real leaves, they should be transplanted once to increase the row spacing. Water it in time after transplantation and before flowering.
With intertillage weeding and topdressing 1 ~ 2 times, the topdressing effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is the best. Seeding seedlings can be planted in June 11after transplanting1times.
In the seedling growth period, liquid fertilizer is applied 2-3 times, mainly nitrogen fertilizer. At the same time, it is beneficial to plant growth to loosen the soil and weed frequently. When buds are formed in the axils of hollyhock leaves, topdressing 1 times of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. In order to prolong the flowering period, we should keep enough water. After flowering, the aboveground parts are cut off in time to sprout new buds.
Potting should be done in early spring, leaving only one flower. Because the seeds of hollyhock are easy to scatter when they are ripe, they should be harvested in time. After planting for 3-4 years, plants are prone to aging and should be updated in time.
In addition, hollyhock is easy to cross. In order to keep the purity of varieties, different varieties should keep a certain distance. [3]?
control of insect
edit
Rust of hollyhock
hollyhock
Old perennial hollyhock is easy to suffer from rust of hollyhock, the leaves of infected plants turn yellow or die, and brown powdery spores can be seen on the back of leaves.
Prevention and control methods:
1, spraying bordeaux mixture on plants in spring or summer or disinfecting seeds before sowing can play a preventive role.
2. At the initial stage of the disease, you can spray 15% triadimefon WP 1000 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 ~ 1500 times or 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times every 7 ~/0 days. [3]?
red spider
There are red spiders in the growing season.
Prevention and control methods:
When it is serious, use 1.8% avermectin EC 7000-9000 times to control it evenly; Or 2,500-3,000 times of 15% pyridaben EC has good control effect. Do not kill mites with dichlorvos, which will stimulate the reproduction of mites. Do not use pyrethroid pesticides, which are basically ineffective for mite control. [3]?
Larvae of kiss moth
Sometimes there are cotton leaf rollers that harm the leaves of hollyhock.
Prevention and control methods:
When it happens, it can be sprayed with 500-700 times solution of Bt wettable powder with the content of 16000IU/ mg, or 25% diflubenzuron suspension 1500-2000 times solution, or 20% Miman suspension 1500-2000 times solution. [3]?
leucoderma
White spot disease of hollyhock
White spot disease of hollyhock, also known as spot blight, mainly harms the leaves of hollyhock. At the beginning of the disease, there were brown spots on the leaves of hollyhock. With the development of the disease, the spots gradually expand into round, oval or irregular shapes, with the center of the spots being gray and the outer edges being reddish brown. In a humid environment, a layer of grayish brown mold can be attached to the lesion.
Prevention and control methods:
1, remove diseased leaves in time, pay attention to the density of branches and stems, and keep the plants ventilated and transparent.
2. Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply less or no nitrogen fertilizer.
3. At the initial stage of the disease, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times solution, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1200 times solution can be used to control the disease once every 10 day, and continuous spraying for 3-4 times can effectively control the disease.
Main value
edit
enjoy
If you want to send flowers to your lover or girlfriend, praise her gentle personality, wife and mother. Then, consider sending a red hollyhock that represents the gentle flower language. Red hollyhock, that is, red hollyhock, is very beautiful and brightly colored, giving people a fresh feeling and very popular. Red hollyhock is especially suitable for planting in courtyards, roadsides and good environment for arranging flower borders. It can also form lively hedges and flower walls to beautify the garden environment. Bring a gentle feeling to the owners of hedges and flower walls.
There are many varieties of horticulture, such as Chiba, Orfila, Chongtai, Scissors, Saws, etc., and many excellent varieties have been cultivated abroad. Suitable for planting beside buildings, rockeries or dotted with flower beds and lawns, in rows or clusters.
Dwarf varieties can be cultivated into potted flowers and placed in front of the door, not indoors for a long time. Can also be cut into cut flowers, used for vase insertion or as flower baskets, bouquets, etc. [5]?
officinal
Appreciate the pictures of hollyhock? (17 sheets)
Functional indication
Root: clearing away heat and toxic materials, expelling pus and diuresis. Used for enteritis, dysentery, urinary tract infection, red urine pain, cervicitis and leucorrhea. [6]?
Zi: diuresis and stranguria. Used for urinary calculi, dysuria and edema. [6]?
Flowers: diuresis, detoxification, and stagnation. Can be used for relieving tetrodotoxin. [6]?
Flowers and leaves: external use to treat carbuncle, swelling, sores, burns and scalds. [6]?
chemical composition
Roots contain mucus, and the mucus rooted in one year contains pentose 7.78%, pentosan 6.87%, methyl pentosan 10.59% and uronic acid 20.04%. [7]?
pharmacological action
Roots can be used as lubricating drugs for mucosal inflammation, protection and mitigation of irritation. [7]?
national medicine
Baiyao Baiyao should be drunk, and it should be strong: flowers treat irregular menstruation and excessive leucorrhea; Radical treatment of urinary tract infection and cervicitis. Roots are mainly used to treat urinary tract infection, cervicitis and leucorrhea; Flowers are mainly used for irregular menstruation; Seeds are mainly used for edema and nephritis; Leaves are mainly used for carbuncle, swelling, sores and ulcers. [8]?
When the medicine is not good, it can be used to treat metrorrhagia, restless fetal movement, leukorrhagia, irregular menstruation, corneal cloud and constipation of the elderly. Debbie: Roots are used to treat boils. [8]?
Naxi medicine Guzi Bazin: Radically cure metrorrhagia and fetal movement; Flower treating leucorrhea, irregular menstruation, corneal cloud; Treating constipation in the elderly with seeds. Self-praise: Roots are mainly used to treat women's metrorrhagia and fetal movement; Flowers are mainly used for leucorrhea, irregular menstruation and corneal cloud; Seeds are used to treat constipation in the elderly. [8]?
Tibetan medicine Jiangba: flowers are used for nocturnal emission; Fruit is used for urinary incontinence, gonorrhea, edema, thirst, kidney fever and bladder fever. Soaking brocade: flowers treat menorrhagia and epistaxis; Fruit cures constipation, diarrhea, thirst and other diseases. Halomedo: Flowers, seeds and roots are mainly used to treat renal failure, nocturnal emission and thermal urinary incontinence. Treat nocturnal emission, menorrhagia, nosebleed, metritis and flowers with excessive leucorrhea; Seed treatment of dysuria, diarrhea, nephritis, edema: root kidney, stomach, renal failure, loss of appetite. Halomedo, Shake Dan: Flowers are used to treat nocturnal emission, metritis and leucorrhea. [8]?
Halou, a Mongolian medicine, has its own characteristics: seeds are used for urinary calculi, urinary incontinence, gonorrhea, diarrhea, thirst quenching and ulcer. Frontal day 1 Zhanba: Flowers are used for kidney fever, bladder fever, edema, nocturnal emission and leucorrhea. Haloqige, Erri Zhanba; Flower treatment of urinary incontinence, kidney fever, nocturnal emission, cystitis, red, white and leucorrhea. Jamba: Fruit can treat edema, kidney fever, bladder fever, urine astringency, urinary incontinence, thirst quenching and abscess [209]. [8]?
Nugslaempyav: Roots, stems, flowers and leaves are mainly used to treat stranguria (low back pain and edema) and dryness and coldness (edema). [8]?
Tujia medicine poinsettia: flower buds are used to treat irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea and dysmenorrhea. [8]?
plant culture
edit
Shuozhou city flower
Abelmoschus manihot is the city flower of Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province, and the locals call it "Big Flower".
Arima
Flower language: dream
Since ancient times, there has been a habit in Christianity to associate saints with specific flowers. This is because when the church commemorates the saints, it often decorates the altar with blooming flowers. In medieval Catholic monasteries, flowers were planted like gardening centers. Over time, the church combined 366-day saints with different flowers to form a so-called flower calendar. Most of the monasteries at that time were located in southern Europe, which belonged to the Mediterranean climate and was very suitable for planting flowers and plants. Abelmoschus manihot is a plant belonging to Malvaceae, which is a flower used to worship San Stafano. When he explained to everyone in Palestine that Jesus had been killed, he was stoned to death by Jews.
Later, he told the bishop in a dream that the remains of San Stafano were discovered in 4 15 AD. Therefore, the flower language of hollyhock is "dream". Anyone born on this day is a child who loves to dream. In particular, fantasizing about your love is like the plot of a novel, with climax after climax and wonderful.