At that time, Chiang Kai-shek saw that the Red Army of the whole country was concentrated in this place in northern Shaanxi, and he wanted to concentrate his forces to annihilate all the Red Army in one fell swoop.
In view of the military and economic situation at that time, the Central Military Commission decided to organize the Red Army West Route Army to carry out the Western Expedition. To open up the base areas in Ningxia and Gansu areas west of the Yellow River, it is more important to take this opportunity to open up international communication lines with the Soviet Union in order to obtain military and economic assistance from the Soviet Union.
At that time, the total number of symbol troops was 2 1800, and the former commander-in-chief of the Fourth Army Xu was appointed commander-in-chief of the West Road. Xu led more than twenty thousand marked troops. Although they won many battles and made great achievements in the arduous Western Expedition, they were finally besieged by the "Ma Jiajun" led by Ma Bufang, who was several times as many as the Red Army, because they were alone and lacked backup. Although more than 20,000 Ma Kejun fought to the death with the enemy, they eventually failed because of the disparity in strength between the two sides, and almost all the troops were wiped out.
After the war, commander-in-chief Xu disguised himself and returned to northern Shaanxi alone under the cover of fleeing grain.
Although Xu returned to northern Shaanxi as the commander-in-chief of the marked army, he knew that he had an unshirkable responsibility for the failure of the marked army, and he was ready for serious handling by the Central Military Commission.
At this time, Xu Zheng was carrying a heavy ideological burden and anxiously waiting for his handling opinions.
Who knows, when Chairman Mao heard that Xu came back alone, instead of blaming him and dealing with him, he met him personally. Chairman Mao said: "Victory or defeat is a common occurrence in military strategists. You're not afraid of burning without firewood. It's good to have you back. Where there are chickens, there are eggs. "
Facing Chairman Mao's broad mind and trust, Xu was moved to tears.
Xu,190118 was born in Yong 'an Village, Wutai County, Shanxi Province. When he was young, he went to a private school for three years. 19 14 was forced to drop out of tuoyang primary school due to family difficulties. 19 17 years, Xu dropped out of school and became an apprentice in a bookstore in Pingyang County, Hebei Province. During his three years as an apprentice in a bookstore, he read a lot of books, which laid a solid foundation for him to become a former star.
19 19 years, Xu was admitted to the first crash course of Shanxi Normal University. This year, Xu was 20 years old. During the crash course, he was deeply influenced by the May 4th Movement. His thoughts have begun to change, and he is determined to be a useful person to society and the country.
1924, after careful consideration, Xu bid farewell to his hometown and trudged all the way from his hometown in Shanxi to Guangdong. He was admitted to the Whampoa Military Academy founded by Sun Yat-sen and became the first student of the Whampoa Military Academy.
1March, 927, at the critical moment when the Kuomintang defected to the revolution, Xu chose to join Dangshen and join the revolution.
1June, 929, Xu was sent to Ren Hongjun, northeast Hubei, as the deputy division commander.
/kloc-in the spring of 0/930, Xu was promoted to be the deputy commander of the Red Army and the first division commander of the Red Army.
193 1 year1kloc-0/month, the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army was formally established, and Xu, who was only 30 years old, was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Red Fourth Front Army. In the following years, Xu commanded the Red Army of Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet Area to carry out the battles of Huang An, Huang Shang and Sujiabu, consolidated the border region of Hubei, Henan and Anhui, wiped out 40 enemy regiments in one fell swoop, and made the Red Army team rapidly develop to more than 40,000 people.
The vigorous development of the Red Army forces in the border areas of Hubei, Henan and Anhui aroused the panic of the Kuomintang reactionaries. Chiang Kai-shek hastily sent heavy troops to carry out encirclement and suppression, and the Red Fourth Front Army was defeated and forced to make a strategic shift.
1June, 935, the Central Red Army and the Red Fourth Front Army joined forces in the Long March. After the two armies joined forces, they established the strategic policy of going north in two ways and created the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu revolutionary base area. One route is commanded by Zhu De and Zhang, and the other by Xu and Chen Changhao. At that time, Zhang Bing, the leader of the Red Fourth Army, was numerous and ambitious, trying to blackmail the Central Committee to achieve his ulterior purpose.
At the meeting of the two estuaries where the first and fourth armies joined forces, Zhang originally agreed to the plan of the Central Committee going north, but later suddenly changed his mind and decided to go against the central decision-making and insisted on leading the troops south.
Chen Changhao, the general political commissar of the Red Fourth Front Army, received a telegram from Zhang, asking him to lead his troops south and fight within the party at the same time. At this moment, the Central Red Army and the Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Mao are in extreme danger. Zhang will be desperate at any time and will do anything. Fortunately, Zhang's telegram to Chen Changhao was seen, and Ye Jianying risked his life to report the emergency to Chairman Mao regardless of his personal safety. Chairman Mao immediately interrupted, taking advantage of the night to lead the first, third and second armies of the Red Army and the column of the Central Military Commission to leave Zhang troops quietly, thus avoiding an imminent disaster.
At that time, Chen Changhao, the general political commissar of the Fourth Army, hesitated about the decision of the Central Committee to go north. Although he verbally expressed his support for the decision of the Central Committee to go north, in fact he obeyed Zhang, and he followed Zhang's line. If Ye Jianying hadn't discovered this critical situation and informed the Central Committee and Chairman Mao, history would probably have been rewritten.
I heard that Chairman Mao led the Central Red Army to set out overnight, and Chen Changhao was in a rash, making up his mind what to do. Later, he told the news to Xu, commander-in-chief of the right army. Just then, the soldiers at the front post actually called Chen Changhao and said, "The Central Red Army has escaped. Do you want to stop it by force? " This shows that the situation is dangerous.
At this critical moment, Xu Xiangqian shouted: "How can the Red Army fight the Red Army?" Forcing the hesitant Chen Changhao didn't give chase orders.
Later, Chairman Mao repeatedly said to everyone, "If it weren't for Xu Xiangqian, we people might have died long ago."
Yes, it was Xu's words at the critical moment that prevented a fratricidal civil war, saved the Red Army, saved the China Revolution and made great contributions to the people.
In his words, Chairman Mao will always be grateful to him. Therefore, even if he later failed in the Western Expedition and ran back alone, Chairman Mao not only failed to pursue his responsibility, but also kept reusing him, which shows that Chairman Mao is a very emotional person.
1955, both he and Ye Jianying were awarded the rank of marshal.
Although Chen Changhao didn't order his men to go north to pursue the Central Red Army, he didn't carry out the policy that the Central Committee insisted on going north. Instead, he led his men across the grass and followed Zhang southward.
1936 10 the central government appointed Chen Changhao as the political commissar of the marked army, who was responsible for opening up international routes together with Xu. After the rout of the marked army, both Xu and Chen Changhao fled disguised as beggars. After many hardships, Xu insisted on returning to northern Shaanxi to report to the Central Committee, while Chen Changhao returned to his hometown in Hubei to reunite with his wife and children. Therefore, his fate is different from Xu Shuai's.
After Xu was defeated and returned to Yan 'an, many people questioned him and demanded military law against him. However, Chairman Mao not only failed to do so, but also explained to everyone: "There is no ever-victorious general in the world. The failure of the marked army is caused by many complicated situations, and the responsibility cannot be attributed to Comrade Xu." In this way, Xu was protected by Chairman Mao, which made Xu grateful for life, and also reflected Chairman Mao's broad mind and greatness.
1937, after the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Xu was reused by Chairman Mao as the deputy commander of the Eighth Route Army 129 Division.
On the anti-Japanese battlefield, Xu commanded troops to kill the enemy heroically and launched a vigorous "artificial mountain" movement in the southern Hebei plain. Wherever the troops went, they mobilized, organized and armed the masses, making the anti-Japanese troops grow and develop.
During the War of Liberation, Chairman Mao appointed Xu as the first deputy commander of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region. Start a civil war and liberate Shanxi. Xu lived up to Chairman Mao's expectations. In the case of poor equipment and insufficient troops, it successively won important cities such as Yuncheng and Linfen, and liberated Taiyuan in one fell swoop.
When attacking Taiyuan, Xu broke down from overwork, and his condition was once very serious. When Chairman Mao learned about it, he personally sent a congratulatory message to Xu. The telegram said, "I am very ill and should inform you at any time." If my illness is serious, I should come to the central hospital. Very important! "
It can be seen that Chairman Mao cares about Xu.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Xu Yu was appointed as the Chief of Staff of the China People's Liberation Army in June 1949+00.
1954 served as vice chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People's Government and vice chairman of the National Defense Commission of People's Republic of China (PRC).
1September, 955, he was awarded the rank of Marshal People's Republic of China (PRC), the 1st Class August 1st Medal, the 1st Class Medal of Independence and Freedom, and the 1st Class Medal of Liberation. 1978 to 1980 served as deputy prime minister and minister of national defense of the State Council. 1983 to 1988 served as vice chairman of People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * the Central Military Commission (CMC).
1September 2, 9901died in Beijing at the age of 88.