(In front of the Noon Gate of the Forbidden City)
Ladies and gentlemen:
I have the honor of accompanying you all together today. This is the world-famous National Palace Museum, which is generally known simply as the Forbidden City, and as its name implies, it is the royal palace of yesteryear. Since 1911, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Aixinjueluo ~ Puyi was forced to abdicate back to 1420 years of the Ming Dynasty, the third Yongle Emperor Zhu Di moved here, there have been 14 of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, 10, **** 24 emperors ruled China for five centuries in this glorious palace city. The emperor's home, natural scale, magnificent, to this day here not only in China, in the world is also the largest, most well-preserved ancient royal palace complex. As this palace city concentrated in China's ancient architectural art of excellent tradition and unique style, so in the history of architecture has a very important position, is a classic of the art of architecture, 1987 has been assessed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage.
The Forbidden City, also known as the Forbidden City, is the origin of the astronomical theory and folklore intertwined and formed. Ancient Chinese astronomers categorized all the stars in the sky into three walls, twenty-eight constellations, and thirty-one day zones. The three walls are Tai Wei, Zi Wei and Tian Shi. The Ziwei Wall is in the center of the three walls, which is in line with the saying that "Ziwei resides in the center". Therefore, the ancients believed that the Ziwei wall is the seat of the emperor, so it is called the purple palace. The emperor is the son of the emperor of heaven, the earth's supreme, so they also want to imitate the emperor of heaven, in the name of their own palaces on the crown of the word purple, in order to show that it is in the center, looking around the world of the emperor's temperament. There is also a saying that refers to the "Purple Qi comes from the East". Legend has it that when Laozi came out of the Hangu Pass, Yin Xi, the commander of the Pass, saw purple gas coming from the east and knew that a sage would pass through. As a result, Lao Zi rode a green ox, and Xi asked him to write down the Tao Te Ching (道德经). Later generations used the phrase "Purple Breath Coming from the East" to indicate auspiciousness. Of course, the emperor's family hoped for auspicious celestial phenomena, so it was only natural to use the character "purple" to name it. The meaning of the word "forbidden" is more obvious, that is, the palace is forbidden, heavily guarded, all the people do not approach. There is no such thing as a false word. In 1924, the last emperor was expelled from the palace after the official opening of this place before the civilian population do not want to step close to half a step, we can imagine the Forbidden City in the past is how sublime and majestic, sacrosanct ah!
The Forbidden City was built in Beijing, is its historical background, but also because it is a piece of feng shui, to say the long story. The Forbidden City from the Ming Yongle four years (1460) began construction, took 14 years to be basically completed, to today has more than 570 years of history. As you can see, the Forbidden City is a group of red walls and yellow tiles, why is this? According to the Taoist yin and yang five elements family that the five elements, including gold, wood, water, fire, earth, where the earth occupies the central position, because the Chinese people have been living in the Loess Plateau, so the yellow produced a reverence for the attachment of feelings, so from the Tang Dynasty, yellow has become the representative of the royal colors, others are not allowed to use in clothing and construction. And red, it means beauty, good luck and wealth, because of these reasons, the basic color of the Palace building will be used in red, yellow two colors.
The Forbidden City covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters, with more than 9,900 palaces and pavilions and a floor area of about 150,000 square meters. Surrounded by a 9.9-meter-high wall, known as the 10-meter wall, a week outside the wall is a 52-meter-wide moat, commonly known as the tube river. Ground north-south length of about 960 meters, east-west width of about 760 meters, the city on the four corners of each of the structure of a strange, harmonious and beautiful corner tower, octagonal, known as the nine beams and eighteen columns, seventy-two ridges. City around each set a door, the main gate in the south is the noon gate, the north door called Shenwumen, the east door called Donghuamen, the west door called Xihuamen. The Forbidden City in the construction of the **** enlisted the famous craftsmen of the stiff 230,000, 1 million people. The building materials used came from all over the stiff. For example, alabaster stone from Beijing Fangshan County, five-color tiger skin stone from Hebei Jixian Panshan, granite from Hebei Quyang County. The square bricks used for plastering in the palace were burned in Suzhou, and the bricks used for walling were burned in Linqing, Shandong. Palace walls used in the red, raw materials from Shandong Lushan, processing in Boshan. Indoor walls of all the red, raw materials from Shandong Xuanhua (now Gaoqing County) of the Smoky Mountains. Wood is mainly from Hubei, Jiangxi, Shanxi and other provinces. This can also be seen at the time of the project is huge.
The building in front of us is called the Noon Gate. Noon Gate is the main gate of the Forbidden City, commonly known as the five phoenix building. In the Ming Dynasty, every year on the 15th day of the first month, the Noon Gate should be hanging lights to give food to all officials. In the Qing Dynasty, this activity was canceled. Every year on the first day of October in the lunar calendar, will be held here to promulgate the next year's annual calendar ceremony, the Qing dynasty during the Qianlong era because of the avoidance of the Qianlong emperor "Hongli" name, it will be "awarded the calendar" renamed "awarded Shuo". Qing Dynasty, the emperor held a court or great sacrifice, as well as the new year's day, winter solstice, life, marriage and other major festivals, are here to set up halogen books, ceremonial battles. In addition, the country where there is a war triumph, the emperor in the afternoon door to accept the dedication ceremony, if the emperor's pro piece also from the afternoon door out of driving.
On the "push out of the noon gate beheading" said, may be due to the theater stage and wild history novels perfunctory. In fact, the Ming dynasty court officials committed crimes, some of them at the noon gate of the court battle, of course, serious may also be killed on the spot.
(In front of the Jinshui Bridge after entering the Noon Gate)
Now that we have arrived inside the Forbidden City, before the official tour, I will first introduce the layout of the Forbidden City and the tour route. The Forbidden City covers an area of more than 720,000 to visit the meter, in such a large area, set a variety of architectural techniques, to build a group of such a grand scale of the complex, not only the phenomenon of no confusion, but instead to give a person the structure of rigorous, colorful and brilliant and the layout of the feeling of the regularity of the main means of construction is to highlight an extremely obvious axis, this axis and the entire city of Beijing organically as a whole, north from the Bell Tower, south to Yongdingmen, the total length of about 8 kilometers. The total length of about 8 kilometers, the part of the Royal Palace is about one-third. Important buildings in the palace are on the central axis, and other buildings are symmetrically distributed in the east and west. The entire palace design and layout of the feudal monarch's "dignity" and the feudal hierarchy.
The Forbidden City is divided into the outer and inner court. Now we are in the southernmost part of the outer court, in front of the Taihe Gate. In front of the door there is a pair of bronze lions, majestic, ferocious, became the guardian of the bridge in front of the door, symbolizing power and dignity. The emperor is the son of heaven, the lion in front of the door is naturally the most exquisite and tallest. East standing for the male lion, the front paw stepped on a ball, symbolizing the unity of the four seas, the river and the mountains forever; ancient side of the lioness, the front paw under a young lion, symbolizing the imperial power forever, a thousand generations. The river in front of us, called the Jinshui River, decorative and waterproof. The five bridges on the river symbolize the five virtues advocated by Confucius: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. The whole river looks like an open bow, and the center axis is the arrow, which indicates that the emperor was entrusted with the task of ruling the country on behalf of the heavenly emperor.
(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)
The Forbidden City is divided into two main parts: the "outer court" and the "inner court". From the Noon Gate to the Qianqing Gate between the part of the "outside", to the Taihe, in the and, Baohe three halls as the center, the east and west sides of the Wenhua, Wuying two groups of palaces, symmetrical left and right, to form the "outside" of the majestic and spectacular pattern. The three halls are arranged before and after the same huge "work" shaped alabaster stone base. Hall base height of 8 meters, divided into three layers, each layer of alabaster stone railings around the three platforms in three layers of stone carving "Royal Road". Hall of Imperial Harmony commonly known as the Hall of the Golden Emperor, is the highest and largest building in the Palace, is also the highest and most magnificent ancient wooden buildings. Qianqingmen within the "inner court", the layout of the building is also symmetrical. Center for the Qianqing Palace, Jiaotai Hall, Kunning Palace, is the feudal emperor to live and deal with the daily political affairs of the place. On both sides of the East and West Six Palaces is the residence of the concubines, East and West one is the residence of the Emperor. The "Inner Court" also has three gardens for royal play - the Royal Garden, Ci Ning Garden, Qianlong Garden. Inside the Jinshui River along the "inner court" along the west side of the meandering around the Palace of Wuying Hall, Taihe Gate, Mandarin Palace out of the palace, the river has white jade stone bridge, along both sides of the river has a zigzagging and colorful white jade carving balustrade, shaped like a jade belt. The vast majority of the Forbidden City buildings to yellow glazed tiles for the top, in the sunlight, golden, solemn and beautiful.
The buildings in the Forbidden City, in addition to highlighting the central axis, but also used a variety of techniques to make the palace city in each group of buildings unique. For example, the treatment of the base of the temple, the form of the roof, the number of anastomoses and spine beasts, painted patterns of the regulations and so on. In this way, not only make the main building more tall, spectacular, but also shows the palace building level judgment. Folklore says that the Forbidden City has room 9999 half, said the heavenly palace a **** room 10,000, the emperor on the ground called himself "Son of Heaven", do not dare to the same number, so less than half a room. Where is this half room? It refers to the west end of the Wen Yuan Ge that a small room. In fact, the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 rooms, the so-called half of this room is simply does not exist. Wen Yuan Ge west end, although the area is very small, can only accommodate a staircase, but it is still a whole room. Wen Yuan Ge downstairs is to hide China's first "Siku Quanshu" place, in order to take care of the layout on the beautiful, so the west end of a built extra small.
(After passing through the Gate of Taihe)
Ladies and gentlemen:
The front of the hall called the Hall of Supreme Harmony, commonly known as the Hall of the Golden Emperor, is the largest palace in the Forbidden City. Building area of 2,377 square meters, heavy eaves hipped roof, is the highest grade in the hall, the largest of the three halls of the external dynasty. Hall of Supreme Harmony built in three layers of overlapping "I" shaped Sumeru, carved from white jade, more than 8 meters from the ground, the lower level of 21 steps, in the upper level of 9 levels.
Taihe Temple was built in 1406 A.D., after three fires and a conflagration destroyed, now you see the Qing Dynasty built. There are rows of animals on each of the four eaves, originally nails, used to hold the tiles in place, but later replaced with animals from the Divine Legend, which are said to ward off evil spirits, and the greater the number, the more important the building. There are nine of them on the Hall of Supreme Harmony, 9 being the extreme number of yang, 7, 5, 3 and 1 in that order, and such decorations are not allowed in the homes of commoners.
There were 24 emperors who ascended to the throne here during the Ming and Qing dynasties, announcing the edicts of their accession. On New Year's Day, the winter solstice, the emperor's birthday, the enthronement of the empress, the promulgation of decrees, decrees, the sending of generals on campaigns, the transmission of information from the Golden Hall and the giving of peace, etc., the emperor had to hold ceremonies here to receive the congratulations of the civil and military officials.
This plaza is the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, an area of 30,000 square meters. The entire square without a grass and trees, open and quiet, giving a person a solemn and solemn feeling. Right in the center of the Royal Road, the left and right ground paved brick horizontal and vertical, **** 15 layers, in case someone digs a tunnel into the Palace. Surrounded by a number of vats, what is it for? In the Forbidden City, a **** there are 308 large tanks, is used to store water for fire prevention, under the cylinder can burn charcoal heating, to prevent the winter tank water freezing. Why build such a large square? That is in order to let people feel the majesty of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Standing below and look forward: under the blue sky, yellow tiles. Layers of stone platforms, as white clouds, coupled with incense smoke, the entire Hall of Supreme Harmony as if the heavenly fairyland. Held a ceremony, the temple enamel cranes on the plate candles, incense pavilion, incense burner burning sandalwood incense, the terrace of the copper furnace, tortoise, crane burning pine and cypress branches, in front of the temple on both sides of the corridor incense smoke, the whole scene is silent. The emperor ascended to the throne, drums and music, civil and military ministers according to rank kneeling in the square, looking up at the building in the clouds shouting long live, to show the emperor's supreme authority and dignity.
The last emperor of the Qing dynasty, Puyi, ascended to the throne at the end of 1908, at the age of 3, by his father, Regent Zai Feng held him to the throne. When the ceremony began, suddenly drums and music, scared the little emperor cried and screamed to go home. Zai Feng anxious sweating, had to coax the little emperor said: "do not cry, do not cry, almost finished, almost finished, almost finished!" The ministers considered this remark unlucky, and, coincidentally, three years later the Qing Dynasty really did fall, thus ending more than 2,000 years of feudal rule in China.
(On a stone platform in the Hall of Supreme Harmony)
This is a copper incense burner, used by the emperor to burn sandalwood incense during ceremonies. There are 18 of them here in one ****, representing the 18 provinces of the Qing Dynasty. Outside the temple placed around 4 copper tank, symbolizing the "gold ou flawless", as water storage and fire prevention. The east and west sides of the pedestal each has a copper crane and turtle, is a symbol of longevity. This is caused by the copper casting apparatus called the amount of Jia, the amount of Jia was the amount of standardized equipment, said the emperor fair dealing, who half a catty who eight, the heart of the natural number. Opposite there is a stone made of instruments called sundial, is the ancient time measuring instrument. The emperor means: the amount and time of the benchmark are in their own hands.
Taihe Temple is 12 round red columns, east and west about 63 meters, north and south depth of about 37 meters, 35 meters high, the front of the temple where the ah three layers of five out of the temple before and after the golden casement 40, gold locks window 16, the entire hall carved beams and painted buildings, luxury and opulence. The center of the hall is equipped with a 2-meter-high platform, on which is placed a nanmu throne carved with 9 golden dragons. Behind the gold lacquer screen, in front of the imperial case, the left and right have symmetrical treasure elephant horn end, cranes, incense cylinders and other displays. The elephant carries a vase containing five grains, symbolizing the peace and prosperity of the five grains. Horn end is an ancient myths and legends of China's a beast, can "travel 18,000 miles a day", understand the language of the four directions, only the Ming dynasty, it holds the book to, escorting the body.
Taihe Temple is also known as the Palace of the Golden Emperor, why so called? Because the temple for the gold brick plastered floor and named. Gold brick plastered floor flat as a mirror, smooth and delicate, like a layer of water, emitting a dark light. So the gold brick really contains gold? In fact, this is a special method of firing the brick process is sophisticated, complex, specifically for the Imperial Palace and the system, knocking up the sound of gold and stone, so it is called "gold brick". Burn this brick, each equivalent to the price of a stone of rice, visible bricks do not contain gold, but also really expensive.
The temple **** 72 large pillar, supporting its full weight, of which 6 carved dragons and gold columns, leaching powder paste gold, around the throne. In the center of the temple there is a well, from the ancient "patio" and "skylight" form evolved, for one of the characteristics of ancient Chinese architecture. Mainly set in the "noble" buildings, "sacred" meaning. In the central part of the well, there is a relief cricket dragon, mouth a ball (ball for the copper tire hollow, coated with mercury), the ball called Regulus mirror, legend has it that in ancient times Emperor Xuanyuan Huangdi made, hanging ball and the well cricket dragon together, constituting the form of the dragon playing with the pearl, hanging in the emperor above the throne, to show that the emperors of China are the descendants of the emperor Xuanyuan is the rightful heir to the Yellow Emperor. It makes the hall opulent and magnificent. The mirror is right under the throne. Now the Xuanyuan mirror did not face the throne, it is said that Yuan Shikai was afraid of the big round ball fell down and smashed him to death, so the throne moved backward to the current position. About the dragon chair, there is a story here. 1916 (Republic of five years) Yuan Shikai ascended the throne, the original throne removed, replaced by a western-style high back chair, decorated with his own design of the imperial emblem. It is said that his legs were short, thus lowering the seat of the chair. After the establishment of new China, in order to find that dragon chair, according to the past a photo, in the broken furniture library found a broken chair, identified by experts, this chair is the emperor's throne, after restoration on display.
(Take guests to the east or west side of the Hall of Supreme Harmony at the copper tank)
Ancient people put on display in front of the temple building tanks, known as the "door sea", the door of the sea, the cover of the "sea in front of the door" of the meaning of the ancients believed that there is a sea in front of the door, not afraid of the sea. The ancient people believed that if there was a sea in front of the door, there would be no fear of disaster. Therefore, the vat is also known as auspicious jar. It is both furnishings, but also firefighting equipment. In the scientifically underdeveloped ancient times, there is no running water in the palace, not to mention firefighting equipment. Therefore, the tank must be stored full of water all year round in case of emergency.
During the Qing Dynasty, *** there were 308 large tanks, according to its quality is divided into three kinds, namely, gilt copper tanks, burnt bronze tanks and iron tanks, of which the most precious is the gilt copper tanks. However, these gilt-bronze tanks did not escape the fate of the British, American, German, French, Russian, Japanese, Italian and Austrian eight-nation allied invaders bayonet scraped body. In order to suppress the Chinese people's anti-imperialist and patriotic Boxer Rebellion, August 13, 1900 to August 15, the Eight-Nation Allied Forces captured Beijing, the Forbidden City. Soldiers and officers burned, killed, robbed, plundered, looted from the palace and the Summer Palace and other places of cultural relics in the embassies of the invading countries piled up each mountain, so far a large number of cultural relics were London, Paris, New York museums to seize for themselves. All of this, including this tank on the road scratch has become the imperialist invasion of China's ironclad evidence. During the period of Japanese rule, the vat was pulled out of the palace gates, loaded onto the trucks of the Japanese invasion army, used to make bullets, and then in turn massacred our people.
(In front of the Zhonghe Temple)
The square building in front of us is the Zhonghe Temple. Before the Emperor held his grand ceremony, he went here to sit and rest temporarily and meet some officials. When the emperor went to the four altars of heaven, earth, sun and moon to offer sacrifices, the day before, he also had to watch the transmission of the sacrificial text in the Hall of Central Peace. Every year in February, the emperor to the first plowing ceremony, the day before to come here to read the seeds, agricultural tools, wishing the text. Here is now on display is the Qianlong period of the two shoulders, that is, eight-carried sedan chair.
(In front of the Hall of Bohol)
This building is the Hall of Bohol. The Qing Dynasty often held banquets here, entertaining princes and ministers from Mongolia and Xinjiang on the first and fifteenth days of the first month of the year. When the princess got married, the emperor also held banquets here for extra horse harnessed by the side of a team. Speaking of horse harnessed by the side of a team, that is, the emperor for their daughters to recruit son-in-law, folk have a saying is: "the emperor's daughter does not worry about marriage", one reason lies in the feudal era there is a system of imperial examinations, that is, the emperor set up the examination to select the state officials of the system, in short, that is, the emperor open section to take the scholar. Han Dynasty has this law, but did not form a customized, to the Sui Dynasty has become a system of fixed yan, to the Sheng Tang, the most important arts, once a year to choose. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, every three years, plus the opening of the Enke, the literary test eight stocks, martial arts test riding and shooting, weight lifting and other items. Divided into four levels of examination, the first level for the children's test, the winner is called Xiu Cai; the second level for the township test, held in the provincial cities, the winner is called lifts; the third level for the test, held in the capital's Palace, that is, the common people speak of the Beijing to catch up with the examination, the admission of those who are said to be Gongshi; the highest level of the examination is the Palace of Baohe Temple held in the Palace of the Emperor personally examined the admitted person as a jinshi (in the State Prison to give jinshi monument), the first three are called The first three are known as the first scholar, the top, scout, won the first scholar not only the Royal Road to give the ride, the glory of the ancestors, in time for the coincidence, but also become the emperor's side horse harnessed by the side of the emperor's side. The imperial examination system was abolished in 1905.
(Baohe Temple)
This is the largest stone carving in the Forbidden City in the floating cloud carving Yunlong stone carving, 16.57 meters long, 3.07 meters wide, 1.7 meters thick, weighing about 200 tons of stone quarried from 100 miles away from Fangshan County. At that time, more than 10,000 people to mine the stone, can not be transported, so in the winter to draw water to pave the road, every 1 mile to dig a well, splashing water frozen ice, this boulder is pulled over the ice. Qing Dynasty Qianlong 25 years (1760), the emperor ordered to chisel away the old decoration carved in the Ming Dynasty, instead of carving the Yunlong pattern that has been handed down to the present day.
Note: The following tour can be divided into three ways, the guide according to the West Road (A line), the Middle Road (B line) and the East Road (C line) to lead the guests on the tour, the narration are:
A line
Ladies and gentlemen:
Visiting the Forbidden City, three major halls after the tour, I will accompany you to visit the Hall of the Cultivation of the Heart to the Imperial Garden in various places. Now, you see is the Palace of Nourishing Heart, located in the Forbidden City, West West Road, the southern end of the West Sixth Palace, and the Inner East Road, Jaigong, Fengxian Hall opposite. In the Qing Palace, in addition to the Hall of Supreme Harmony, this is also a kind of the most important place. Yangxin Palace of the "Yangxin" two words are borrowed from Mencius said, "save their hearts to raise their nature to serve the sky," the phrase, in order to cultivate their nature, to cultivate their traditional concept of feudalism. This palace was built in the Ming Dynasty, for the I-shaped building, the front and rear halls are connected, the corridor side house surrounded by, outside the door with the office - the Office of Military Affairs.
Before the Kangxi, the emperor to Qianqing Palace for the bedchamber, after the Yongzheng, to this hall for the bedchamber, and here to deal with day-to-day political affairs. Here due to the protection of cultural relics can not enter the visit, you can only look outside the door. The main hall set throne, the Royal case, is the emperor summoned ministers, cited the place of officials. Xianfeng five years (1855), Emperor Wenzong and Sinqlinqin held in this hall the most grand "monarchs and ministers embrace the ceremony"; Tongzhi seven years (1868), Zeng Guofan called from Nanjing, was summoned to meet three times in this hall, to discuss the suppression of the Taiping army uprising; in 1917, "Restoration" Zhang Xun at the time of the "restoration". "in 1917," Zhang Xun was rewarded here. West Warm Pavilion is the emperor to read the zhengbiao, dealing with important documents. There are many suites in the pavilion, curved, dim light, display many statues of Buddha, stupa, into the door to face the wall with a Yongzheng and Qianlong's hanzhu statue, after the painting for a dark door, in case of mishap, the south side of a house hiding Wang Xizhi's "fast snow when the sun shines stickers", Wang Xianzhi's "mid-autumn stickers" and Wang Martyr's "Bo Yuan stickers". Qianlong will be these three rare treasures hidden here, so the name "three Xitang". East Warm Pavilion is the "curtain" at the 1861, Cixi usurped power, set up two thrones here, the young emperor sat in front, Cixi sat in the back, separated by a piece of gauze curtains, ministers to the emperor to play the matter, by her in the back of the word, to make a decision. That said, a few more words about the infamous Empress Dowager Cixi. She was a Manchu, surnamed Yehnala's, for the minister Huizheng's daughter. Daoguang fifteen years (1835 November 29, born in Shanxi Lu'an Province, 17 years old (Xianfeng two years) into the palace as a noblewoman, 21 years old, gave birth to a son Zai Chun, 22 years old as a Yi Guifei. After the death of Emperor Xianfeng on July 17, 1861, she was succeeded by her son, who was called "Empress Dowager Cixi". The same year she launched a palace coup, namely "Xin You coup", with the Empress Dowager Ci An *** with the "curtain rule", the Tongzhi, Guangxu two dynasties, in power for 48 years, bringing devastating disasters to China. Guangxu thirty-four years (1908) died on November 15, at the age of 73 in Zhongnanhai. The current furnishings are the same as when the two Empress Dowagers held the curtains over the Emperor Guangxu in his infancy, and it was in this place that the Empress Dowager Longyu of the Qing Dynasty announced her abdication edict in 1912, announcing the abdication of the Emperor Puyi. According to the preferential conditions, still living here for 13 years long, in 1924 by Feng Yuxiang expelled from the Imperial Palace.
Yuanshindian Hall, the main room in the back of the hall, with a "dragon bed", sitting kang, throne, rosewood carving long case and cloud dragon cabinet, etc.. Is the bedchamber of the eight emperors of the Qing dynasty, lived from Yongzheng to Xuantong until the eight Qing emperors. The rows of rooms in the east and west courtyards of the rear hall are the lounges for the consorts to wait for the call of the emperor. The Qing emperors Qianlong and Tongzhi died here. Well, now we will go to Qianqing Palace, Jiaotai Hall, Kunning Palace, and later to the Imperial Garden.
Line B
(At Qianqing Palace)
Ladies and gentlemen:
Now we will visit the inner court. North of the Qianqing Gate is the inner court, where the emperor and the empress lived and resided. Qianqing Palace is the main hall of the inner court, built in the Ming Yongle years, the front has 10 pillars, face width 9 rooms, depth 5 rooms, 20 meters high, flying gold gilt color, elegant and luxurious. Hall in the middle of the throne, the two ends of the warmth of the cabinet, the throne hanging above the "bright" plaque for the Shunzhi emperor imperial pen. After Yongzheng secret storage edict place. The old emperor wrote the name of the successor in advance, one with a side, another sealed in the box placed in the "bright" plaque. When the emperor died, it will be GuMinister *** with the opening of the built reserves box, after verification announced the heir to the throne. Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng four emperors, are in accordance with this system on the throne of the Nine Dragons.
Qianqing Palace is the bedchamber of the Ming and Qing emperors and usually deal with political affairs. After the Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, the bedchamber moved to the Hall of Yangxin. Hall every year on New Year's Day, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Winter Solstice, Man Shou and other festivals, routinely held in the Imperial Family Banquet. In the late qing dynasty, also in this hall to convene foreign envoys. The Qing dynasty famous two "thousand old man feast" are held here, one is the first month of the sixty-first year of the Kangxi (1722), more than 1,000 people into the feast; the other is the fifty years of Qianlong (1785), into the feast of more than 3,000 people, are more than 65 years old. The purpose of the feast was to whitewash the country and show that the country was prosperous and the people were healthy and long-lived.
Ming history is famous for the "nonnyin palace change", "move the case of the Palace", "red pill case" and other historical cases occurred in this palace, the emperor died, the coffin also parked here.
(In the Jiao Tai Hall)
This Hall is located in the Qianqing Palace and Kunning Palace, symbolizing the intersection of heaven and earth, peace and prosperity, was built in 1420, rebuilt in 1798. Hall plan is square, face width and depth are 3, yellow glazed tiles four corners of the gilt roof, smaller than the Hall of harmony, high hanging in the Hall of Kangxi imperial pen "Wu Wei" two words. Hall in the high throne, throne after four screens, on the Qianlong imperial pen "JiaoTaiTian Ming". In the center of the roof of the hall for the well. This hall is the Empress every ceremony and birthday congratulations place.
In the thirteenth year of the Qianlong reign (1748), the emperor deposited here 25 "jade seals" representing the feudal imperial power. These jade seals are held by the Cabinet, managed by the Palace Supervisor's Supervisor, the use of the seal must ask the emperor, with permission to take out. Hall on both sides of the display of the ancient time with a copper pot drip and Western-style big bell. Qing Shizu in view of the Ming extinction of the training in this place Que a warning of the inner palace can not interfere in political affairs of the iron plate.
(in the Kun Ning Palace)
This palace was originally the main palace for the empress of the Ming Dynasty lived, the early Qing Dynasty was changed to sacrifice to the gods and the emperor's marriage place, is located in the Hall of Crossing after the end of the three halls of the rear. When the Qing Dynasty remodeling, in accordance with the habits of the Manchu, the main door will be opened in the east of a room, and the diamond lattice window into a straight bar lattice window, the west of the temple west warm pavilion into the south, west, and north of the three sides of the ring-shaped kang, so that the hall has a different architectural style from the other palaces. The West Warm Pavilion became a place for offering sacrifices to the gods in the Qing Dynasty, and the Emperor and Empress personally participated in every day of the morning sacrifice, evening sacrifice and big sacrifice. The eastern East Warm Pavilion was the cave room for the emperor's wedding.
Line C
Ladies and gentlemen:
After visiting the three great halls of the Forbidden City, I will accompany you to visit the eastern line of attractions, starting with the Jumbo Tower. This building is called the Imperial Palace, was once the Qianlong emperor abdicated the place of residence, is now displayed a variety of treasures and cultural relics more than 1,000 pieces, the famous "Gold Hair Pagoda" is treasured here. "Golden Hair Pagoda" is 1.53 meters high, with a base of 0.53 square meters, which was specially made by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty to collect the hairs that fell out of his mother's hair combing during her lifetime to show his remembrance of his mother. The "Jade Mountain of Dayu Ruling the Water" is 224 centimeters high and weighs 5 tons, depicting the various legends of Dayu ruling the water, and is the largest jade carving in existence in China. The Ivory Mat is a cool mat made of ivory silk, with fine patterns and very beautiful. The three items introduced above are rare treasures in China.
(Nine Dragons Wall before)
It is called the Nine Dragons Wall, built in 1773, the full height of about 3.5 meters, 29.4 meters wide, the wall of the lower part of the Hanbai stone Sukhavati seat, the wall *** by the 270 colorful glazed plastic blocks spliced together. *** there are nine dragons, rocks, clouds and seawater four layers of decoration. This is a wall used to ward off evil spirits. 9 is the extreme number of yang, the dragon is an auspicious beast, so the wall of nine dragons has the effect of driving away ghosts and evil spirits. Look, the nine dragons here are different, they are all made of glazed tiles, but the third dragon's abdomen on the left has a piece of wood, the paint has peeled off. It is said that in the firing of a craftsman was not careful to burn this piece of dragon belly, and the next day is is the dragon wall inaugurated the day, the emperor Qianlong to personally visit the inspection, in this emergency, he used the clay out of this piece of the dragon's belly pasted up, but also fooled the emperor, and the danger was averted. Later, and asked the master carpenter to make a wooden one to replace it, is now this patch.
(Come to the imperial garden)
The imperial garden in the Kun Ning door behind, located in the central axis, this is a compact layout, with the palace color of the recreation garden. We have seen the garden of ancient trees, famous flowers and stones dotted with them, most of the buildings around the perimeter. The area is not large, about 11,700 to visit the meter, for the palace city of the total area of about 1.7%, but because of the fine conception, the arrangement is appropriate, so not only the level of clear, but also not lose the palace atmosphere. Most of the buildings in the garden are symmetrical, but there are variations in shape and decoration, and due to the fact that the center of the courtyard of the Qin'an Hall is separated from the trees and bamboo forests, it produces a good visual effect and a feeling of seclusion.
The Royal Garden in the center of the north side of the Qin'an Hall is the main building in the garden, the rest of the Hall Xuanzhai symmetrically placed on the east and west sides. Qin'an Hall Hall base is made of alabaster stone Sumeru seat, flat roof, surrounded by four ridges. The temple is enshrined in the Taoist Zhenwu Da Di, every year, spring, summer, fall, winter, the four sections, the emperor has to go here to incense salute. Ming Jiajing believes in Taoism, often in this dojo. In front of the temple there is a Lianli cypress, has more than 400 years of history, is the same stem with different roots of cypress. There are more than 10 trees in the garden, mostly cultivated by pine and cypress.
There is Yanhui Pavilion in the northwest of Qin'an Temple and Duxiu Mountain in the northeast. Dui Xiushan is the Ming Dynasty Wanli eleven years in the Palace Court on the basis of the original Guanhua Hall. The mountain is 14 meters high and is made of Taihu Lake stones of various shapes. In front of the mountain a pair of water-spraying stone dragon head, spraying water up to more than 10 meters, the scene is very spectacular. The path under the mountain twists and turns to the top of the mountain. At the top there is a pavilion called Royal View Pavilion. Every year on the 9th day of the 9th month of September, the emperor would carry a group of concubines to climb Dui Xiushan Mountain and look out over the scenery inside and outside the palace.
Jiangxue Xuan in the southeast corner of the garden and the southwest corner of the Yangshenzhai opposite each other, the sentence on the convex and concave, volume on the high and low, symmetrical but not show dull. Yanshi Zhai is a pavilion-style library that housed books during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. The last emperor once studied English here. In front of Jiangxue Xuan, there used to be several begonias, named after the metaphor of their blossoms as flakes of snow, and the Qing Emperor Qianlong used to enjoy the scenery and write poems here. The word "Jiang" means deep red, when the buds of begonias first bloom, the petals are as red as rouge, and when they are in full bloom, the color becomes as white as snow. Just see the soft wind brushing, begonia with the swaying branches, fluttering quite like a light fluttering "snow" flowers, constitute a wondrous scene in the imperial garden. Xuan front of the glazed flower bed has a cluster of extremely rare peace flower, for the late Qing Dynasty Empress Dowager Cixi ordered to move from Henan to this. The hall is located in the northeast corner of the garden, which is a 5-room hanging building, became a library during the Qianlong period, and contains 12,000 volumes of the famous "Siku Quanshu Huiyao" (The Encyclopedia of the Four Courts).
There are famous pavilions such as Wanchun Pavilion, Fubi Pavilion, Qianqiu Pavilion and Chengrui Pavilion in the garden, which symbolize the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively. Wanchun Pavilion and Qianqiu Pavilion, one east and one west, are square pavilions with heavy eaves, umbrella-shaped pointed dome, four sides out of the building, constituting a twelve-cornered, beautiful and elegant shape. Cheng Rui, floating Bi two pavilions, square, the pavilion south outstretched holding a building, pavilion under the stone bridge is soft and beautiful, under the bridge, a pool of blue water, goldfish in the water into groups. Imperial Garden pavement made of various colors of stone masonry, *** there are 900 unique patterns for this Emperor's forbidden garden.
The southwest and southeast of the Imperial Garden, "Qiongyuan West Gate", "Qiongyuan East Gate", respectively, leading to the West Six Palaces and the East Six Palaces, the north of the Shunzhen Gate is the North Korean palace wall juxtaposed with the three glazed doors, usually closed, only in the empire concubines in and out of the open.
See here, our visit today is nearly over. The Forbidden City is a treasure of Chinese cultural relics and one of the world's cultural heritages, which shines brightly in the world under the protection of the Party and the government of New China. Since 1949, the Party and the government have spent hundreds of millions of dollars to restore the Forbidden City. Restoration work has been going on for decades, the big restoration generally speaking, there are 4 times: the first time is in the new China after the founding of the start; 2nd is in 1959 after the 10th anniversary of the founding of the new China to start; 3rd is the party's 11th session of the third plenum carried out after the 4th is 1991 is still going on, the light to build the underground warehouse in the Forbidden City on the cost of 130 million yuan RMB. Not only restoration, every year, a huge amount of money for the collection of cultural relics, organization, protection and research. Nowadays, the National Palace Museum has a collection of more than 930,000 precious relics, which does not include more than 100,000 pieces that are still stored in Nanjing due to historical reasons. In addition, on the eve of the founding of new China, Chiang Kai-shek hijacked more than 600,000 pieces of treasures from the National Palace and transported them to Taiwan, where they are now stored in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
Well, today's explanation is here, there are deficiencies please criticize and correct! Here let us all be the emperor and empress, through the Liuli Gate, from the Shenwu Gate out of the Forbidden City, to the tour bus collection, thank you!