The Basic Types of Hua Yao Dance and Its Rhythmic Causes
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Abstract:
The Hua Yao people have language without words, and the expression of body language has become a necessity of their life. They are good at singing and dancing, and live in the mountains all year round. Influenced by the environment and the customs passed down by their forefathers, the Huayao people have formed the character traits of diligence, bravery, simplicity, and spontaneity, and at the same time, they also have formed the unique style of the dance of Huayao, and each dance rhythm contains specific cultural connotations and regional characteristics. This paper analyzes the types of Huayao dance in Southwest Hunan, compiles the dance rhythms of Huayao dance, and explores the causes of the rhythms and their cultural connotations.
Keywords:
Hua Yao; dance rhythm; cultural connotation (cause);
Introduction:
"The people of Hua Yao, who weave wooden skins, dye with grass, and wear five-color clothes," as recorded in the "Customs and Customs", show that the people of Hua Yao are very good at weaving wooden skins, dyeing with grass, and wearing five-color clothes. The author, who grew up in Longhui, takes the research on the creation of staged works of Hua Yao dance in Southwest Hunan as his main research direction, hoping to carry out a systematic research on the origin, dynamics, form, characteristics of the dance of Hua Yao in Southwest Hunan and the creation of its staged dance works. In the process of research, the author found that due to the lack of organization and research by professionals, it is almost difficult to find research results that can be used as reference in comparison with the research on Huayao songs and costumes. Because of this, the Huayao dance works appearing in front of the public are seriously homogenized, and the characteristics of their movements are vague. It should be said that the ontological research of Huayao dance in Southwest Hunan is urgent. As a graduate student majoring in dance choreography, the author feels a great responsibility. In this regard, I would like to make a preliminary discussion on the dynamic and rhythmic problems of Huayao dance in Southwest Hunan.
First, the dance of Huayao in Southwest Hunan Province and its basic types
Huayao is a branch of Yao in the hinterland of Southwest Hunan Province, which is mainly distributed in the junction of the two counties of Hunan Province, Longhui and Xupu - Longhui County, Hupingshan Yao Township. Because they are located in the alpine area and live on the mountains, their special geographic location and unique history and culture have given birth to their unique national dance rhythms. The Hanayao dance is mostly based on folkloric and customary movements and life production movements, which expresses the simple and bold character traits of the Hanayao people.
Through the combing of related literature and field research, it can be found that the dance of Huayao in Southwest Hunan can be roughly divided into the following three categories: first, the dance related to the traditional skill of Huayao "picking flowers"; second, the dance related to the festival customs; and third, the dance to praise the "Yao Mountain". The first is the dance related to the traditional skill of "picking flowers", the second is the dance related to festival customs, and the third is the dance to glorify "Yao Mountain".
(a) Dance related to the traditional skill of flower picking
Because of the unique and colorful costumes, especially the flower picking skill of Yao women is exceptionally exquisite, so it is called "Flower Yao". Flower picking is a kind of traditional handicraft unique to Hua Yao women, and it is also a necessary course for Hua Yao girls in their whole life. There are rumors that women who can't pick flowers can't get married. This shows the special status of flower picking in the hearts of Huayao people.
All the costumes that Hua Yao girls are proud of, such as tube skirt, leg binding, pants, waistband, sleeves, waistcoat, headband, backpack, apron, etc., are not picked out by Hua Yao girls themselves. Flower picking is the process by which the Hua Yao girls, through their own unique imagination and the sewing skills inherited from their forefathers, pick out beautiful patterns of different shapes on the black tube skirts. The motifs can be flowers, birds, fish and insects, blue water and blue sky, gods and beasts, and so on. The history of Huayao flower picking is long and far-reaching. For the people of Huayao, who have no words but only language to record their history, the Huayao flower picking dress is written in a unique way. A history book worn on the body, its pattern is complicated and simple, left and right symmetry, reflecting its strong national characteristics and local flavor.
Staged dance works related to the traditional skill of Hua Yao "flower picking" include: "Hua Yao Women", "Hua Yao Hat", etc. Typical movements are mainly hand movements, such as threading the needle, wrapping around the hand, pulling the thread, pulling the thread, etc. The "flower picking" is not only a way of picking flowers, but also a way of picking the flowers. The Hua Yao flower picking is not only the pattern, but also the yearning in the heart of the Hua Yao girl and the pursuit of happy life of the Hua Yao people. The 12th Chinese Dance "Lotus Flower Award" Ethnic Folk Dance entry "Flower Yao Women" fully exploits and utilizes the traditional flower picking skills of the Huayao people and the theme of "Daughter's Box", and the work is based on the theme of "short" and "trembling".
In the unique festival of Huayao, the dance "Pick Flower Love" is a must-perform program. Through the dance, the people of Huayao show their own national specialties and costumes, showing their national cultural confidence and national self-confidence.
(2) Dance related to festival customs
The characteristic festivals of each ethnic group in China represent the cultural connotation and spiritual beliefs of each ethnic group. Huayao, which has a long history and culture, also has its own unique national festivals. Although Hua Yao is a branch of Yao, but different from other branches of Yao, they do not go through the traditional Yao "Pan Wang Festival", but only recognize their own unique three major traditional festivals, respectively, once "to discuss Nian Bao" and twice "to discuss bureaucratic conversion". The only thing they recognize are the three traditional festivals unique to their ethnic group, namely, one "Huanianbai" and two "Hengxuan". On the day of the festival, both men and women of Huayao will put on the grandest Huayao costumes and rush to Huashangshan Yao Township from all directions to go to the festival, and during the day, they will go to the market and watch the opera at the place where they meet, and at night, every family will sing and dance around the bonfire, which is extremely lively. The original dance "Happy Hualiangxuan" is based on the festival theme of Huayao "Hualiangxuan", which is a classic masterpiece reflecting the rich festival flavor of Huayao, showing the scenes of men and women singing songs to express their love, singing and dancing during the festival.
The marriage customs of Huayao are also very special, which are called the trilogy of marriage customs of Huayao: "playing mud", "frying the shells of thatched grass" and "playing the Tao". The traditional folk dance "Beat the Tao" is created by utilizing the interesting customary element of "Beat the Tao" in the Huayao marriage custom. "The cemetery's cemetery is also known as the cemetery's cemetery, which is a form of entertainment for celebrating the wedding ceremony of the Hanayao people. On the night of the wedding, in order to kill the long night for the guests, the Hanayao men sit in rows by the bonfire, and a group of Hanayao girls sing a song, using their butts to pass over the thighs of the sitting men in turn. The cemetery's cemetery is the cemetery's cemetery, and the cemetery's cemetery is the cemetery's cemetery, and the cemetery's cemetery is the cemetery's cemetery. The cemetery's cemetery is the cemetery's cemetery, and the cemetery's cemetery is the cemetery's cemetery, and the cemetery's cemetery is the cemetery's cemetery.
(3) Dance in praise of "Yao Mountain"
The people of Huayao have lived in the mountains for a long time, and have been dependent on the mountains their whole lives. Their emotions towards the mountains are higher than the sky and deeper than the water, so the hardworking and intelligent Hua Yao people have created many dances related to "Yao Mountain", such as the staged dance works "Yao Mountain Love", "Yao Mountain Moonlight", "Yao Mountain Bamboo Rhythm", and the dance "Woohua Shouting Mountain" created by the author through the wind, these dances depict the scenery or flavor of Yao Mountain, but the expression of the "Yao Mountain" is very simple. These dances depict the scenery of Yaoshan or the flavor of Yaoshan, but what they show is the hope that the people of Huayao place on the mountain and their admiration and worship of the mother of Yaoshan.
The basic rhythms of the dance of Hua Yao in Southwest Hunan
In the process of the formation of dance styles, the dance rhythms are an extremely important part. The traditional Yao dance rhythm is dominated by the rhythm of the long encouragement. But because of the influence of their own geographical conditions and mode of living and production, the Hua Yao dance does not utilize the conventional traditional dance rhythm of the Yao people. After visiting the ancient villages of Huayao again and again, the author found and organized the following dance rhythms:
(1) Up and down "trembling" rhythms
Up and down "trembling" rhythms are mainly embodied in the steps of Huayao dance, which refers to the up and down trembling of the knees of the dancers when they are walking, and the up and down trembling of the knees of the dancers. It is the up and down trembling of the dancer's knees when he/she walks. The action is presented in the stage performance as the dancer's upper body is slightly tilted backward, the foot goes out on tiptoe, and then the whole foot is stepped back, and the knee is bent and slightly stored when stepping back, and the knee is bent and slightly stored when stepping back, and the knee is bent and slightly stored when stepping back, and the knee is bent and slightly stored when stepping back, and the knee is bent and slightly stored when stepping back. This is a rhythm that has been gradually formed by the Huayao people over a long period of time.
(2) Hip-swinging motion
In the Huayao folk dance, hip-swinging motion is one of the motions with unique national flavor and style. Swinging rhythm mainly refers to the dancer's hips follow the rhythm of the music to swing left and right, can be swinging hips in marching, swinging hips in place, or according to the requirements of the dance structure to change different rhythms, amplitude of the swing. The Huayao girl who walks and swings from the mountains, like the elves in the mountains, is particularly colorful and attractive.
(C) "squatting" rhythm
The author, in the study of the dance rhythm of Huayao, after repeated comparison and deliberation, believes that the "squatting" rhythm of Huayao can be called the most distinctive and representative rhythm of Huayao dance. The "squatting" rhythm mainly refers to the dancer's hip force when dancing, sitting down and then standing up again. When squatting, the knees are bent and stretched, and the thighs and calves are at ninety degrees to each other. The traditional Hanayao folk dance "Beat the Tao" is created through the development of the "squatting" rhythm, which expresses the passionate and unrestrained personality of the Hanayao people, and also shows the unique Hanayao custom of "Beat the Tao".
Analysis of the causes of the dance rhythms of Huayao in Southwest Hunan
(a) Environmental factors
The up and down "trembling" rhythms originate from the special environment of the Huayao people. Huayao is a people living on the mountain, people in the downhill, winding steep mountain road so that people walking unconsciously formed knee "trembling" rhythm.
(2) clothing factors
The beauty of the Huayao girls, in the back of the belt of the left and right areas will hang tassels of different colors. One of the reasons for the rhythmic swinging of the hips comes from the special design of their costumes. Whenever a Huayao girl swings her hips from side to side, the tassels hanging behind her hips will also dance with her. This makes the image of the playful and lovely Huayao girl even more vivid and interesting.
(C) Festivals and customs
The "squatting" rhythm originates from the custom of "playing the Tao" in Huayao, which is also called "cemetery ass". The cemetery's cemetery is the best way for women to pursue men and express their feelings during the festival.
Four Concluding Remarks
All in all, the Hanayao Dance shows the style and beliefs of the Hanayao people. In addition to the up and down "trembling" rhythm, the swinging crotch rhythm, and the cemetery's "cemetery" rhythm, which are all mentioned by the author, the traditional cemetery's "cemetery" rhythm is also the best way for the women to express their feelings for men during the festival. Except for the up and down "trembling" rhythm, the hips swinging rhythm and the "cemetery buttocks" rhythm mentioned in the author's article, the traditional folk dance rhythms of Huayao have not yet been fully sorted out. However, with other scholars and governmental departments paying more attention to the Huayao dance and continuously researching it, the author believes that the development of Huayao dance will be better and better. In the era of new media, the Huayao dance will also be better protected and realize the inheritance and development.
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