Lengshui Town is an ethnic town where Tujia and Han people live together, and its culture and art are quite rich. Among the ethnic population in this town, Tujia people account for 73.9%, so Tujia characteristics are quite strong. 1. Traditional festivals
In addition to national statutory holidays such as March 8th, May Day, Teachers’ Day, and National Day, Lengshui also pays tribute to the Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Duanyang Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Pay more attention to the Double Ninth Festival.
(1) Spring Festival:
Also known as the Chinese New Year. During the Spring Festival in Lengshui, the past projects include: worshiping the Kitchen God on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. It is said that the Kitchen God went to heaven on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month to report the good and evil in the world. Therefore, the Kitchen God has the title of "the master of destiny in the world, and there is a god in the sky." say. On the 30th day of the twelfth lunar month, we have a reunion dinner at noon. No matter how big or small the population is, everyone sits at one table to show that they will not be separated. The meals are especially sumptuous, which means there is plenty every year. In the afternoon, the door gods and pairs are posted to set off the New Year scene. Legend has it that the "door god" can ward off evil spirits. Some people who do not believe in superstition write "As long as you have a clear heart, why should there be a god on the door" instead of the door god. On the night of "New Year's Eve", every family burns a large fire, which symbolizes that a big fat pig will be killed in the coming year. At midnight (zero o'clock), firecrackers are set off. Whoever's cannon sounds better will have good luck in the coming year. The Spring Festival begins the next day, with gongs, drums and fireworks blasting everywhere, visiting relatives and friends, and enjoying the occasion. The ninth day of the first lunar month is "Shangjiu" (also called Zhengtianxing). Recreational activities have begun in rural areas, and playing with lions can last for several days. The fifteenth day of the first lunar month is called "Lanxiao", also known as Shangyuan. According to traditional customs, every household’s upstairs and downstairs are decorated with bright lights to celebrate the end of the Spring Festival.
(2) Tomb Sweeping Day:
In rural areas, people hang graves on their ancestors’ graves and celebrate it as a festival at home. The original intention is to commemorate the death of Jie Zitui in the Mianshan fire. People don't use fire, so it is called the "Cold Food" Festival, and it gradually becomes a farming season.
(3) Dragon Boat Festival:
It is the Dragon Boat Festival. Every year on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, pupil moxa is hung on the door of every house. Eat realgar wine. During the Dragon Boat Festival in Lengshui, newlyweds and unmarried lovers must go to the bride’s house to celebrate the festival and wear straw hats home.
(4) Mid-Autumn Festival:
The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. It is mainly about eating moon cakes. People in Lengshui like to eat glutinous rice cakes and drink and admire the moon until late at night. When celebrating the harvest, it is said that the "Heaven's Gate" will open on the autumn night. People can see weddings and funerals and predict people's good or bad luck, but no one has ever seen the "Heaven's Gate" open.
(5) Double Ninth Festival:
The Double Ninth Festival is celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. Legend has it that climbing on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month is to follow the scenery and avoid reality. However, rural areas have always regarded it as an "auspicious day". , often take this day as the wedding date.
2. Festive celebrations
There are the following types of Festive celebrations:
(1) Birthday celebrations:
On birthdays of family members, young and old, cook meat. Preparation of wine, close relatives' flesh and blood, and family reunion "for life", usually starting from the age of 40, every tenth year of life, a wine en primeur is held, relatives and friends send gifts to congratulate, and the rich and powerful families feast guests and send gifts to celebrate birthdays, which is very extravagant.
(2) Three dynasties
In the old days, when the first child was born after marriage, he had to drink "three dynasties" or "moon wine", "eat bad rice" and "eat red eggs" , "Send jumi", "Send rice", etc. After a child is born, the son-in-law brings gifts (a rooster for a boy and a hen for a girl) to his in-laws' family to announce the good news. The in-laws' family distributes red eggs to invite relatives, and agrees on a date to give food and children's clothing gifts and go to the in-law's house to "deliver meals". . Wealthy people also hold "Full Moon Wine Festivals". The custom of "giving meals" has not changed so far. The style of giving gifts and banquets is better than the old days and is becoming more and more extravagant.
In addition, there is also the custom of congratulating the completion of a new house, moving to a new house, and the opening of a store. Relatives and friends go to present couplets, calligraphy and painting, and set off firecrackers to congratulate. It is very common for guests to have large banquets. Treating guests and giving gifts have also begun to occur, such as those who join the army and are admitted to college. , congratulations. 1. Folk musical instruments and singing and dancing
(1) Folk musical instruments in Lengshui area: flute, flute, erhu, flute, gongs, drums, hu, etc. Each has a certain "introduction" (music score). There are harmonicas, electronic keyboards, accordions, etc.
(2) Folk dances: including lions, dragon lanterns, three-legged snakes, bench dragons, colorful boats, car lights, receiving money, etc. Now it has added Yangko dance, single dance, double dance, group dance, hand waving dance, flower stick dance, and the popular traditional lion dance of Lengshui.
(3) Folk songs: There are folk songs, love ditties, pan songs, etc. The singing methods include solo singing, duo singing, and multiple chorus singing. One person can lead the singing and many people can help. There are more solos, such as shepherd boys singing folk songs to invite friends, such as "What are you doing to the door boy? Sit in a row and meet at the end! I call you to come and collect dry firewood."
What are you picking up dry firewood for? Start the fire! Hey! Come and sing and warm yourself by the fire." The young man in love sang a tune to express his feelings, such as "There is a palm tree in the vegetable garden at the door, and the palm tree on my hand is staring at the sky. My mother asked her daughter what she was looking at. I looked at how many palm trees there were. . "It's not because I change quickly that my mother will be suspicious of my 'husband' (lover)." Folk songs about farmers working in the fields are often sung by one person, with multiple people singing, such as "The sun comes out to bask in the white rocks, and the love sister comes out to bask in the flowered shoes." There are twelve pairs of floral shoes on display, one of which is straw sandals, Shibajiao" (one person replied) "What are you talking about! "Chorus: "My love song wears straw sandals". The two sang duet songs such as: "What comes out high and high?" What comes out at half midriff? What come out and tear it apart? What comes out with a bang? "The answer is, "The seeds of sorghum are high and high, the seeds of corn are half-middle, the beans are pulled back by the roots, the sesame seeds are taken back and beaten with sticks," etc.
(4) Folk literature and art activities
Every Spring Festival, people set off firecrackers, play with dragon lanterns, pick boats, car lights, lions, and beat gongs and drums to celebrate the New Year. In February of the lunar calendar, people play with "three-legged snakes" (dragon lantern-shaped), which only have the head, body, and tail. Part 3). There is also the bench dragon, which is performed by three people. It is said that it can avoid drought in rural areas. Two big gongs are played in front of it to clear the way. , playing suona, playing lions, etc. During the old age, people also play suona, play lions, and set off cannons. In the Shuangping Group of Balong Village, you can hear the sonorous, elegant and melodious sound of festive gongs and drums every year during the Spring Festival. , which is a unique entertainment program during the Spring Festival of the family gong and drum team led by Xu Shoujia, Xu Shoubo, Xu Xianming, and Xu Xianlin. Its exquisite gong skills have attracted many local gong and drum enthusiasts and are famous in the countryside.
2. Dialects:
There are many dialects in Lengshui, and they are also very complicated.
Father: father (pronounced '的'), ye (pronounced 'clothes'), mother: breast. Grandfather, grandmother: father (pronounced dia or jia), grandma. Great-grandparents: ancestor. Brother-in-law: daughter-in-law of Hanbang. Father-in-law, mother-in-law: cousin, husband-in-law (pronounced "Zao"), aunt-in-law: brother-in-law, brother-in-law. : Doorman. Girl: sister, maid, female general. Adopted son, adopted daughter: godson, goddaughter. Adopted parents: guardian, godmother, godmother. Married woman: wife, such as the master’s wife, the boss’s wife. The wife of a master, the wife of a tenant. The rich man: a wealthy man, a gentry. The poor man: a poor man, a poor man. . Lifu: the person who drowned: the water stick, the person who hanged: the person who loves to cause trouble: the person who is employed: Qiu Er. The person who talks big and empty words: King Ribai, the general of heaven. The incompetent person: the stick, the stick, the gunpowder. The rogue: the stickman, the stickman. Tiger: big cat. Bat: ant. Cockroach: ant. Centipede: ant. Frog: ant. , tooth dog. Spinach: carrot, potato. Potato: fir tree. Quilt: Umbrella. Hold the flower. Chamber pot: night duck. Curtain: stall. Pig head: pig mouth. Dinner: midnight snack. Stew: soup pot. Steamed pork with rice noodles: boiled meat. Toilet: Mao Si. What? Sleep: sleepy. Think: silent. Bullying: the horse is knocked down and the horse is overtaken. Squat: Stand alone. Flattery: lick fat. Hot: Lai. Stop: short to start. Miss: owe. Guard: Take photo. Cleanup: Kill posts. Service: Jingyou. Thank you: It’s hard to bear too many responsibilities. Teaching: High Faith. Infection: over. Pick up: pick up. Rub: support. Cover: 塕. Procrastination: suffer. Bend over: hook up. Diamond: Arch. Lower your head: peck. Food choice: Diao crooked. Smart: fine, elf. Cunning: treachery. Not satisfied: thick-hearted. Error: Disqualification. Deliberately: picky. Cheap: Babahuo. Pampered: spoiled. Almost: Almost, almost. Haha. Danger: Hanging. Poor: suffer. Show off evil: bring harm to the family. Enjoy: Playing with grids. Grabbing food: Hungry tuberculosis, fishing for rough grains. To make things difficult: to make things difficult. Quick: Ma Liu. Easy: pat off. Request for help is rejected: the recipient will be beaten and beaten. Do things head-on: head-on against a rocky mountain. Evil people get evil retribution: the retribution of the eyes. Discord as a joke: boredom.
What doesn’t work: Use half a bowl of wild barley. Hunting: chasing battles. Things go wrong: something goes wrong. Beating people secretly: When fighting against gangsters. To protect: to be cruel. Listless: wilted. Not trusting something: swearing, asking someone to greet you. The person who is offended: the cake and the buckle bowl. Marriage for a man: to be a foreman. Let's get together for food: fight with each other and make fun of each other. No place to sleep at night: play Liangshan gongs and drums, beat nails and hang up. Marriage with the same surname, adultery: carrying a spatula and wearing straw sandals of the same hem. Escape quietly: hit the dew. Topless: Light up Dong Dong. Naked lower body: bare crotch, hold high lantern. Disputes: splitting and arguing. Unlucky: back time. Freeloaders: Eat beards, eat blessings. Stingy: Little family affairs, tight grasp. Without reason: knocking. Insincerity: pretending to be a good person. Work conscientiously: do one thing and two things. Weakness of energy: death of yin and loss of yang. disheveled: dragging clothes and falling silk. Procrastination in doing things: procrastination leads to failure. Just kidding: cleaning jars and decorating lanterns. Taking advantage of others by joking: making money and cheating. Speaking dirty words: Take it easy. Bet: Float. Knocking on a person's head with a bent finger means knocking the person around. Being criticized: cursed, massaged, shaved. The back is short: poke the back spine. Stiff: Antique. Wait a moment: Wait a moment, wait a moment. Start: row head, frame. Ending: Shaguo. Next: two days. Dawn: bright and bright. Evening: insert black. Labor: To make a living. Finish: First place. All: put zero. Man to woman for marriage: door-to-door. To mourn the deceased: sit at night. The woman gets married: an explanation.
3. Folk proverb:
It is sunny on the first day of February and the leaves have two layers. The beginning of summer is not going down, and the plow is hanging high. Thunder hits autumn, half harvested. Before being stung by a thunderbolt, I couldn't open my eyes for forty-eight days. There is no rain at the beginning of winter and dry winter. It is neither cold nor hot during the three volts, neither cold nor hot, and the grains are not picked. Make shoe soles, raise children. The sun burns my skull as I walk along the stream, and dust rises as I walk along the road to Wangjiaying. It's bright when it's raining, but it's bright when it's not raining. A rainbow is red in the east, and the sun sets in three directions; a rainbow is red in the west, and the stem is broken along the stream. It's cloudy in the morning, waiting for water to make tea. If you don’t go out for the morning glow, the sunset will travel a thousand miles. At night, it becomes cloudy and dry. There is wind before the rain, and it is not bad even if it rains. People are yellow and sick, and the sky is yellow and rainy. On May 23rd, there will be big falls and big drying, small falling and small drying, no falling and no drying. The chickens and ducks will return to their cages early tonight, and the sun will be bright red tomorrow. It's dark and bright, and it's raining heavily. The mountains are foggy and rainy, and the rivers are foggy and clear. It's foggy and sunny nine days out of ten. On September 9th, I guarded the kitchen door. After two springs and one winter, nine out of ten cattle pens were empty. In 1929, I put my hand in my arms, in 3949, the old dog froze to death, in 5969, I watched the willows along the river, in 7963, pedestrians wore their clothes wide. Nine-nine-eighty-one, the farmer plows in the field. If there is no rain on the Double Ninth Festival, look forward to the 13th. If there is no rain on the 13th, it will be a dry winter. It’s cold and rainy in spring, cold and sunny in summer. People don’t know spring, but plants and trees know spring. In the first month of the year, frogs are croaking, and the rice fields are clear. If you don’t work in the spring, everything will come to nothing in the autumn. The tung trees are blooming and their flowers are white, and the valleys are climbing uphill without waiting. They are sprouting and sprouting, and they are not planted at the vernal equinox. The young rice fields rush towards autumn, and the full valley rushes towards autumn, while the whole valley rushes towards the valley. The remaining seedlings are like leftover grass, and the missing seedlings are like missing treasures. Ear seeds are planted in a hurry, and the summer solstice valley is pregnant. Three parts are planted and seven parts are managed. People coax the land, and the land coaxes the belly. Plow deep, harrow well, and dry fields are not afraid of drought. Whether there is a harvest or not depends on water, and whether there is more or less harvest depends on fertilizer. One year is too late for spring, and ten years have been spent without justice. Every flower in a crop depends entirely on fertilizer. You have to work hard, there are sources of fertilizer everywhere. The head is composed of radish and buckwheat. Onions in July, garlic in August. In the summer heat, some buckwheat is eaten, and the white dew is used to see the seedlings. The white dew is white, the fields are yellow with cold dew, the frost is falling, and the peas and beans are on the slopes. A bowl of oil is used to plow a field in August, half a bowl of oil is used to plow a field in September, and only bones are left when plowing a field in October. Peas in August, beetles in September. October is short and sweet. Farming without ditching is like a robber stealing. If you look in the fields without incident, there will be hundreds of millets. If you walk in the fields in the morning and evening, there will be several bushels of millet. There are no two springs in a year, and no two mornings in a day. A year's plan begins in spring, a day's plan begins in the morning. The foundation of a family lies in harmony, and the foundation of a whole life lies in diligence. An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of gold cannot buy an inch of time. It’s easy to find an inch of gold if it’s lost, but it’s nowhere to be found if you lose time. Fix the leaks while the weather is clear, and study while you are young. Raising a child without studying is like feeding a pig. Raising children without learning skills will lead to broken baskets and baskets. There is a bottom at the bottom of the river, but there is no bottom in the depth of the book. To lead a bull, you need to lead it by the nose, and to fight a snake, you need to hit it seven inches. An only son does not teach, an only dog ??crawls on the stove. He was infertile since childhood and grew up to be a crooked man. People are afraid of wrapping, and clothes are afraid of fire. Only when you are in charge do you know that salt and rice are expensive. It is only through raising a son that you will know the kindness of your parents. Having an elder in the family is like a treasure. There is no shortage of food and clothing, and there is no calculation that you will be poor forever. Three years of new life, three years of old life, and another three years of mending. People can do it everywhere, and grass can grow everywhere. There is rice for one meal, and grain seeds for two meals. When the iron is cold, you can't fight, but when the words are cold, you can't speak. The one who wins is soft-handed, and the one who eats is soft-hearted. Serving people's bowls and obeying people's management. If you walk a hundred steps after a meal, you can live ninety-nine times. The words of a person are not good to listen to, and the medicine to cure a disease is not good to taste. A family that tolerates anger will not be defeated, and harmony can bring wealth. A good heart is not afraid of thunder, and true gold is not afraid of fire. If you don't want others to know, you have to do nothing yourself. There is gold and silver in your house, and there is gold and silver next door. When the water disappears, stones appear, and when fish rot, their spines come out.
There are people to meet, and there are people to walk on the road. Bring an umbrella when it's sunny, bring food when you're hungry. The skill of sharpening a knife and chopping firewood without missing a beat. Hunting along the mountain, everyone who sees it has a share. Sending a hair from a thousand miles is light on etiquette but heavy on benevolence and righteousness. Don't be lazy when you are cheap, don't rush when you are rich. One bachelor, ten helpers. People are iron, rice is steel. People are afraid of poverty when they grow old, and grains are afraid of the wind at noon. Old people understand, old trees have empty hearts. A big tree needs to be divided into branches, and a big child needs to be divided into families. Diseases enter through the mouth, and disasters come out of the mouth. The son does not think the mother is ugly, the dog does not think the family is poor. Don't be afraid of not knowing the goods, just be afraid of comparing goods. The heart is separated from the belly, and the rice is separated from the basket. Good medicine is bitter to the mouth and good for the disease; honest words are bad to the ears and good for the deeds. He does not burn incense when he is free, cradles the Buddha's feet when he is in a hurry, does not peck the shoulder pole, and the two ends are mismatched.
4. Afterword:
The theater in Shaziguan - the counterattack. Drinking wine from a chamber pot - old business. Crab with peas - get lost. Eating peaches in the middle of the night - it's a bad idea. One basket of chopsticks and one basket of bowls—two baskets (difficult). Washing face with linen - rough (first) meeting. The dwarf crosses the river - floods (eases) the heart. The alley is like a pig - go straight, go straight, hit straight. A dog bites a mouse - meddling in other people's business. The monk of Sanjiao Temple - has a family and a house. The wild boar clings to Coptis chinensis - asking for trouble.