Ans:
I. Qing Gongs and Drums
Qing gongs and drums are mainly "Weifeng Gongs and Drums", "Taiyuan Gongs and Drums", "Jiangzhou Drums and Drums", "Yue Village Orphaned Children", and "Catty Drums and Drums".
Mighty gongs and drums
Since 1988, the mighty gongs and drums of Shanxi have been playing from the Agricultural Games to the Asian Games, and from the Folk Art Festival in the provincial capital to the 40th Anniversary of the Tiananmen Square, which has really struck the mighty winds of Shanxi's folk art, and has gained a good reputation throughout the country and heard the reputation of the world.
Weifeng gongs and drums are popular in Huozhou, Hongdong, Fenxi, Linfen area of the folk square art. According to legend, in 619 A.D., Li Shimin fought against Liu Wuzhou in Huozhou, beating the drum to meet the battle, sounding the gong to close the army, advancing and retreating in an orderly manner, and won the victory, and then handed down the Wei Feng gongs and drums. This kind of gongs and drums is characterized by its "powerful style". From the configuration of the gongs and drums, the organization of the playing team, performance, dress, all in the show *** wind.
First, the sound of the wind. Look at the wind of the gongs and drums, in the absence of its shape, early heard its sound factory, and such as thunder through the ears, extraordinary sound. In fact, it uses a very simple instrument, only drums, gongs, cymbals, cymbals, four pieces. The traditional proportion of drums, gongs, cymbals and cymbals is 2. Nowadays, the number of people in the group has increased to 400 or 500, and the proportion of drums and gongs has been enlarged to make the sound more prominent. The performance method is that the drums conduct, the gongs play, and the cymbals and cymbals are divided into two parts, playing alternately. The musical phrases are often treated as "double phrases". Hundreds of drums, hundreds of gongs, hundreds of pay cymbals, *** sound playing, sound such as heaven and earth roar, so that people feel that year Li Shimin led the mighty battle. Because of the rhythm changes, there are 2/4 3/4 4/4, and 3/8 5/8 appear, thus presenting a variety of colors, so that people feel interesting, bright and not monotonous, strong and contains soft.
Second, the style of the song. The songs of the gongs and drums are both independent of each other, and they are also linked together in sets. Its multi-part suite is generally divided into three parts: "head", "body" and "end". The style, phrase and rhythm are mostly marching; the names of the pieces are mostly military: "Single Sword to the Meeting", "Three Battles with Lu Bu", "Ambush on All Sides", "Five Horses Breaking Cao", "Six Out of Qishan", "Seven Captures of Mengwu", etc. Most of the pieces start with the "beating of the drums" and are played with a combination of ups and downs, tension and relaxation. The performance starts with "drumming", and the combination of ups and downs, tension and relaxation, but not away from the majestic theme, creating a kind of battlefield mood of the sword and the sword and the blades.
Thirdly, the scene of the wind. Mighty gongs and drums play to hundreds of people, all ancient soldier attire, set up a battle array, before and after the retreat, left and right to open and close; a sudden wind swirls, a sudden rain hit the withered leaves; separate the elephant gossip, cloud set yin and yang double. That scene is really amazing, but also really touching.
Fourth, the dance of the wind, players in the performance, combined with the rhythm of the drums scene changes, to make a variety of dance figures. Drummers have "left and right bow", "horse stance impact", "interspersed against the fight", "open and close fighting"; gong players have The gong player has the "backward front punch" and "backward bow"; the cymbal player has the "cymbal high flip", "chest flip", and The cymbal player has "big cymbal high flip", "chest flip", "single flip", "double flip", "oblique fork", "positive fork", etc. The drums, gongs and cymbals have been turned into swords, guns and knives here. The performers have become generals, officers and soldiers, majestic, a killing spirit, "dance" into "martial arts". Playing and skillfully and freely use the "drum flower", "gong flower", "cymbal flower", plus flogging on the wrist of the ribbon decoration, the whole scene appears to be colorful, giving people a pleasing sense of relief The feeling of "martial arts" has become "dance".
Taiyuan Gongs and Drums
Taiyuan Gongs and Drums is a kind of gongs and drums music popular in Taiyuan and Jinzhong. There are many kinds of music, such as "flowing water" and "one, two, five". The "flowing water" is said to have come from Liu Zhiyuan of the Later Han Dynasty, whose sister lived in the village of Guzhai in Taiyuan, and was greeted with gongs and drums whenever she went out to play the music to take the meaning of "Fortune is like a long flowing river in the East China Sea". "One, two, five" is based on the rhythm of the horse gong and the name.
The instruments used in Taiyuan gongs and drums are divided into two groups of large and small, and all of them share the same name. Its instruments for the big drum (some about five feet in diameter), big cymbals, big cymbals, big drum for the leader. The big drum is the leader, while the small gongs are war drums, horse gongs, and two cymbal hinges. The distinctive features of the song structure and percussion art are: repeated chapters and sentences, staggered lengths, like the sentence structure of classical poems, which can give people the impression of heavy and compactness, and repetitive loops. In the performance, there are often sharp stops, such as the rests in the score, which give a deep impression of cleanliness and sharpness. When the performance is slow, it is like gurgling water, and when it is rapid, it is like a big wave; when it is lightly struck, the luan bells tinkle, and when it is heavily struck, the thunderbolt roars. The performer is excited, suddenly throwing cymbals, suddenly holding a golden gourd. The sound, the feeling, the performance intertwined and fused, attracting people to win.
The Taiyuan gongs and drums often introduce competition into the performance, with two teams playing against each other. A team a song ended, B team a song began, or two teams at the same time to start playing. This kind of performance, the more you play, the more you see the more exciting, sometimes playing up to five or six hours and refused to stop.
Jiangzhou drum music
Xinjiang County, ancient name of Jiangzhou. It is a treasure trove of Shanxi gong music. Huaqing drums, Fennan car drums, wearing the phase of the gongs and drums, are born here; "King of Qin pointing troops", "rats marrying relatives", "rolling walnuts on the Xia slope" and so on are sublimated here. Jiangzhou drum music will become an illustrious chapter in the history of Chinese music.
The Music of the Qin King Breaking the Battlefield. King of Qin, the title of Li Shimin before he ascended the throne. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Wuzhou of Shuozhou rebelled and occupied Jinzhou, and the front reached the east of the river, and Li Yuanji, the king of Qi, was defeated and ran back to Chang'an. Li Shimin *** led the army across the river to the east, troops in Jiangjiang Prefecture, Bashi, east and west, south and north, recaptured the state, and saved the world of the Li family. When he returned to Taiyuan in triumph, the army made the "King of Qin Broken Battlefield Music" to welcome him. It is written in the history that this music is mainly made by "beating big drums" and "mixed with the music of Guzi". Nowadays, not only is there a "drum-beating platform" in Xinjiang, but also the gongs and drums of "Little King Qin's Disorderly Pointing of Troops" and "King Tang's Exit from the City" are popular. I am afraid that the richness and prosperity of Jiangzhou drum music is related to this significant historical source.
"The Qin King's Troublesome Troops". This is a new piece from the 1980s. On the basis of the original "King of Qin breaks the battlefield music", it has taken "Fennan car drums", "flower knocking drums", "tiger knocking teeth" and other drums to become this masterpiece. It combines the history and today, the masses and experts, amateurs and professional art crystallization, is the socialist era of the new drum music, it twice stirred the Beijing, - shocked Paris, is the pride of the Yellow River culture, is the pride of Chinese culture.
The whole piece of "The King of Qin Points Out His Troops" includes six parts: the introduction, the drum side section, the drum heart section, the drum section, the gong section, the splendor section, and the coda section, which is properly structured, and the piece is quite complete, which integrates the characteristics of the folk suite with the modern structure, and makes the folk music of gongs and drums jump up to a new level.
The theme of the piece is "going out to war", which starts with the marshal ascending the tent, and ends with the soldiers entering, arranging themselves in formation, and practicing martial arts in preparation for the expedition. Instruments are divided into two parts, high and low, treble school drums, pawn drums, small pieces of bronze; bass drums, marshal drums, general drums, large pieces of bronze. According to the requirements of the theme, different means of playing are used, including solo, counterpoint, ensemble, dry percussion, flower percussion, mixed percussion, slow, medium, and fast; four beats, three beats, and two beats. The long horn in the introduction brings people into the ancient battlefield position; the drum side adopts the drum rim, drum bong, drum ring, drum nail, and plays against the plywood and ensemble, which is novel and colorful. The colorful section absorbs the western concerto in the colorful technique, unique, reflecting the optimism of the generals before the battle.
Flower Drum
Flower Drum
Flower Drum, also known as Flower Celebration Drum, is also known as Dry Drum. It is not accompanied by gongs and cymbals, leather and wood dry playing as a feature, the whole circle is also rare. Therefore, in the performance of the drum as much as possible to play the advantages of the drum, tap the potential of the drum, playing all parts of the drum, even the drum ring, drum nails are not spared, but also summarize the drumming skills, so that people refreshingly different from one side of the world. The flower knocking drums are thus named, and spread in all directions.
Yue Village (钅瓜)子
Because it was produced in Yue Village, Wenshui, (钅瓜)了 is a facsimile of the sound of the small cymbal playing the main instrument, and so it got its name. This set of gongs and drums has only two instruments, drums and cymbals. However, it can produce the wind, rain, thunder and lightning of nature, and the joy, anger and sadness of the world. It is all based on the changes of striking skills. For example, the drum has a positive hit, light hit, side hit, bang hit; cymbals have a rub hit, throw hit, muffled hit, flat hit; each hit can also be subdivided, *** playing skills no less than dozens of kinds. Its famous song is "Thunder and Lightning", there are "cumulative clouds in the sky", "thunder in the distance", "rain is coming", "dark clouds on top of the roof "thunder", "wind and rain", "the rain is over", "the fields are green", "the people are happy", "the people are happy", "the people are happy", "the people are happy", "the people are happy", "the people are happy", "the people are happy", "the people are happy". ", "People are happy", the mood is very touching. The traditional combination of the band is 42 people, 42 instruments.
Catty Weighing Gongs and Drums
Originally known as the "Catty Weighing Song", it is popular in the Changzhi area. This kind of gongs and drums are played with the conversion of sixteen taels a catty of the old weighing system and ten taels a catty of the new weighing system, which is like a logarithmic table written on the gongs and drums. The whole set of gongs and drums is played continuously for fifteen times. Because of the catty weighing song over and over the recipe is different, so neither can a gong to the end, nor repeated overlap, more different from the general song playing, is in accordance with the "ask catty seek two" law: one is 625, two is 125,: three is 1875, four is 25, ...... until the Fifteen 9375, sixteen a catty end. Drums play all over the law is very different. The players must be skillful in the vocabulary of the song and the number of points of the gongs and drums. This kind of gongs and drums math, integration of knowledge, fun, entertainment in one, the author's heart can be described as excellent. Although its mathematical application has become a thing of the past, its cultural and entertainment functions will always exist.
Back ice flower gongs and drums
This kind of gongs and drums is popular in the area of Yongji on the bank of the Yellow River, which originated from the ancient river festival. The performers are all men, bare-chested and bare-legged, each carrying a piece of ice and an iron stick with a bouquet of flowers. They carry gongs and drums on their backs and beat them as they walk, from outside the mountain village to the village. Give a person a sense of rough and wild, there is a kind of ancient and simple mood.
Second, the dance gongs and drums
Dance gongs and drums is a blend of dance and drums in one, drums and drums player is also a dance performer, also known as the drums and drums. This is a relatively old art form, Shanxi has a large family, now choose the main two introduced.
Turning Drums
This is a kind of drum and dance mainly circulated in Xiangfen County, which is famous for turning around and striking the drums. It is rumored to have started during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. It has a rich repertoire of drums, with more than one hundred original songs, and more than thirty of which are still in circulation today. Most of the songs are short and concise, and the form is A-B-A, with the B section being the main body, rich in changes. The content of the performance is quite rich, mainly rural life subjects, but also historical stories, animal posture, vivid name gives people great attraction. What "small child shake the columbine", "pouting noodles", "picking beans", "sparrow chirping", "The Lion's Mouth" and so on. The drumming technique is also colorful, so there are more than ten different kinds of sound, simulating life and making people feel more intimate. Harmonized with the sound, the accompanying dance is light and bright, dexterous and changeable. Because the drums are placed on a fixed drum kit, the performers are more comfortable performing the dance.
Fan drum
Fan drums are also known as Taiping drums. South to Quwo for the most, north to Shuozhou said good, is a kind of rap drums, began in the gods. The drum is shaped like a fan, and its name is based on its shape. The drum is single-sided and is struck with rattan or bamboo strips. The drum handle is adorned with several iron rings, and the sound of jingling when dancing adds a bit of fun. The drummer, dancer and rapper of the fan drum are all three in one, and there is no need for separate accompaniment. There are many variations of drumming skills and dancing styles, and the content of the rap is updated with the times and close to the hearts of the masses. There is no limit to the number of performers, no special requirements for costumes, and the venue can be anywhere, making the activity easy and popular among the masses. Quwo fan drums also remain in the Nuo dance marks, you can see the evolution of the original rituals to the mass entertainment trajectory.
Third, blowing music
Historical records, the province's folk music began in the Qin and Han. Folk suona-based blowing music is mature in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and popularized to the folk, very common in the province.
Some experts divide folk music into two types: rough blowing and fine blowing. Rough blowing instruments are suona, sheng, pipe, drums, gongs, cymbals, mostly used for folk festivals, social fire accompaniment, the main form of folk music.
The folk music can be roughly divided into two roads in the north and south. Taiyuan south of blowing and heavy, wind instruments are mainly suona, and often two, three suona and blowing, blowing a period of time after the special percussion performances, percussion sound and performance of the expression of the dynamic combination of exposure to a variety of percussion techniques, very attractive. The North Road is mainly concentrated in Xinzhou, Dingxiang, Wutai, Yuanping, Daixian and Fanchi. The focus is on blowing, and the gongs and drums are only for cooperation. The wind instruments are mainly suona and pipe, as well as sea flute (small suona) and whistle, which must be accompanied by sheng. In fact, it is a fusion of rough blowing and fine blowing (sheng and pipe music, small percussion). Make more expressive, adapt to a wider range, more demanding skills. The repertoire is very rich, in addition to the opera blowing, folk songs and traditional songs, the temple Buddhist music is also a master. Many famous artists are here, such as the famous sheng player Hu Tianquan, Yan Haideng, the famous suona player Yin Erwen, Hu Jinquan, the famous pipe player Zhang Guigui.
Fine blowing mainly refers to Buddhism and Taoism music, which is folk indoor light music, wind instruments are mainly sheng pipe, percussion instruments in addition to small pieces of gongs and hinges, ding whistles, and add some Buddhism and Taoism proprietary instruments, such as bells and chimes, fish, drums, and simple boards. The sound color is clear and elegant.
Here is the introduction of two blowing music tracks: five tigers climbing the mountain
This is based on the Hongdong Golden Drums music "Five Fortunes Holding Longevity" adapted by the new work, which integrates the blowing, percussion, dance in one, the tone of the bold, rich in the song, the dance is cheerful, and the performance of the people's heroic upward temperament. It is performed by five drummers, introduced at the beginning of the open door song played by suona, played by a big drum and accompanied by four small drums, with a loud, resounding and intensive sound, and a dashing and cool style. The whole song has a tiger's head, a leopard's waist and a phoenix's tail, and the effect is touching.
The Great Victory
One of the representative pieces of the Jinbei Blow and Beat Music is used for festivals and social fires, which is hot and warm with a fast rhythm. Generally, it consists of "crossing the line", "playing with children", "crossing the street", and "hanging the mallet", "Step by step", "flying around the sky" and other five or six tracks, showing the theme of triumphant return from the battlefield and the rejoicing of the people and the army. This piece is played by suona, accompanied by sheng, gongs and other percussion instruments. The music is introduced by a big gong playing thirteen times rapidly, which retains the style of returning from the ancient battlefield in triumph. Some blowing experts, the music is organized and processed, many times in foreign countries to play.