The city wall of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, was built from the third to the eleventh year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1370----1378 A.D.), expanding on the foundation of the city wall of the Tang Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. It is rectangular in plan, 12-14 meters wide at the top and 15-18 meters wide at the bottom, with a circumference of about 13.7 kilometers. Outside the wall, there is a moat with a width of 20 meters and a depth of 10 meters. The wall is made of green bricks, thick and solid, with city gates on the east, west, south, north and south sides. On the city gates, there are city towers, archery towers and gate towers, which are towering in the sky and have a grandeur. There is an urn between the towers and the archery tower. The four corners of the city have a corner tower. This is China's only existing complete ancient large-scale city wall, the city wall has now been opened up as a park around the city.
Nanjing City Wall
Built in the 26th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1366 AD), it was completed in the 19th year of the Ming Dynasty (1386 AD). City wall Inner circumference of 33 kilometers, the existing 21 kilometers, 14----18 meters high, 8----12 meters wide, masonry structure. There were 13 city gates, of which 4 exist. There are water gates, sluice gates or culverts where the city wall connects with waterways. There are 13,616 battlements built on the city wall. The scale of the Nanjing city wall, known as the world's first.
Jingzhou city wall
That is, Hubei Province [Jingzhou ancient city wall, according to legend for the Three Kingdoms when Guan Yu Jingzhou built. Originally earth city wall, the Southern Song Dynasty was rebuilt as a brick wall. Now the city wall for the Qing Shunzhi three years (A.D. 1646) was rebuilt. The overall shape of the wall is irregular oval, the wall is 8.83 meters high, 10 meters wide at the bottom, a circumference of 11.3 kilometers, the bottom of the large stone, glutinous rice lime mortar grouting pile up and become, the city wall, the city gate, battlements, etc., are now well preserved, ancient, is the trend of the swimming dragon.
Xiangyang City Wall
It is located in Xiaoxiang County, Hubei. The original city wall was destroyed at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and the present city wall was rebuilt in early Ming Dynasty. The city is 8 meters high, 6 kilometers in circumference, with six gates on all sides and corner towers at all four corners. Climbing the small north gate tower, you can view the Han River in the north and Da Nang Mountain in the south, and hang on to the ancient battlefield.
Xingcheng City Wall
The Ningyuanwei City Wall, located in Xingcheng, Liaoning. The wall is well-preserved, belongs to the Ming Dynasty building, north-south and east-west more than 800 meters long, 10 meters high, 4.5 meters wide on the existing west and south of the two city gate building. Inside the city wall, there are still many stores and streets from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the whole city is like a museum of Ming Dynasty architecture.
Pingyao City Wall
Built in the third year of the Ming Dynasty's Hongwu era (1370 AD), it is located in Pingyao County, Shanxi Province. It is 6 kilometers long, 8----10 meters high, 8----12 meters wide at the bottom, and 3----6 meters wide at the top. The wall is rammed with plain earth, and the outer wall is made of bricks and wrapped with white ash. Around the city opened 6 city gates, outside the door to build urns. The Pingyao city wall has many horse faces, beautiful shapes, and complete defense facilities, making it the only one of its kind in China that has been built throughout the ages, and it is famous for its ancient and clumsy approach to city building. The city walls in the north, east and south, as well as the Kuixing Tower in the east and west corners of the city, have been repaired and are in good condition.
Beijing city wall
Beijing's city wall now there are still a few remaining:
1, the southeast corner of the building near the wall: is located in the Chongwen District, Chongwenmen to the east of the East Baimen area there is a section of the best-preserved, and the length of the longest Beijing inner-city city wall, plus an archery tower - the inner city of the southeast corner of the building.
2, near the southwest corner of the city wall: located in Xicheng District, West Second Ring Road, Xibinmen Bridge, is Beijing's earliest listed as a municipal key cultural relics protection units of the city wall site, there is a "eight staring at the" arrow tower.
3, Deshengmen Arrow Tower: located in Xicheng District, North Second Ring, north of Deshengmen Bridge.
4, zhengyangmen city tower and archery tower: zhengyangmen, commonly known as the front gate, is one of the most complete existing city gates in Beijing, located in the south side of Tiananmen Square. The former Beijing city gates include: the citadel, the archery tower, the urn city three parts, only Zheng Yangmen keep the citadel and the archery tower.
Unfortunately, due to the construction of the Second Ring Road, most of the city walls were demolished.
Shangqiu Ancient City Wall
It is one of the four best-preserved ancient city walls now. The existing ancient city of Shangqiu was built in Ming Xiaozong Zhu Youzong Hongzhi fifteen years (1502 years), built in Ming Wuzong Zhu Houzhao Zhengde six years (1511 years), by the city wall, the city lake, the protection of the embankment of the three parts of the city, the city outline is roughly square, slightly longer in the north and the south, north-south length of 1,200 meters, the south-east length of 1,000 meters. The perimeter is 4,476 meters long. The ancient city is round outside and square inside, becoming a huge ancient coin shape, the building is very unique. Walls rammed by the earth, set outside the brick, east, west, south, north and south of the four gates, **** 3600 wall stacks, for an easily defensible and difficult to attack the ancient fortress. The terrain in the city is turtle-back shape. Most of the buildings in the city are courtyard buildings. According to the theory of the five elements, in order to prevent gold and wood from interfering with each other, the east and west gates of the ancient city are staggered by one street. This feature is the only one in the ancient city of China. Nowadays, the streets in Shangqiu Ancient City still maintain the ancient architectural style.
Kaifeng ancient city wall
Kaifeng city wall is located in Kaifeng City, Henan Province, Kaifeng City Wall Department of the Qing Dynasty Daoguang twenty-two years (1842) to rebuild, 8 meters high, 5 meters wide, a circumference of 14.4 kilometers, green brick structure, and the scale of the inner city of Tokyo is roughly similar. Although not as grand as the Song City, but still second only to the Xi'an City Wall, the second largest city wall in China, and is listed as a national key cultural relics protection units.
Dai culture ancient city
Nayun ancient city, which was built in 1289, is now preserved in an area of 36 hectares, consisting of "three cities and two towns". One of the well-protected architectural complex of the Dai government offices - Menglian Xuanfu Division, is the study of the Dai classical rituals, architecture, culture, "living fossil". However, due to the fire facilities, heritage protection and other aspects of the existence of serious safety hazards, the only existing well-preserved Dai culture in China's territory of the ancient city, is currently on the verge of endangerment.
Heishui Ancient City in Inner Mongolia
Heishui City is located in Ejinagiqi Dalai Hubu town 25 kilometers southeast of the east bank of the Weishui River on the Gobi, is the "Silk Road" on the Silk Road is the most complete surviving ancient city.
Menglian County, Yunnan Province, Nayun Dai Culture Ancient City
Nayun Ancient City, which was built in 1289, is now preserved in an area of 36 hectares, consisting of "three cities and two towns". The well-protected architectural complex of the Dai government office - Menglian Xuanfu Division is a "living fossil" for the study of the Dai's classical rituals, architecture and culture. This is the only well-preserved ancient city of Dai culture in China, which is now on the verge of extinction.
Lijiang Ancient City
Lijiang Ancient City has a long history of more than 800 years, simple and natural, both the appearance of the water town, the appearance of the mountain city, as a long history of ethnic minority cities, from the city's overall layout to engineering, architecture, integration of the essence of the Han, White, Yi, Tibetan ethnic groups, well with the unique style of the Naxi people. Lijiang Ancient City, from the overall layout of the town to the form of residential buildings, as well as building materials, crafts and decorations, construction techniques, the environment, etc., are well preserved ancient style, first of all, the roads and water systems are maintained in their original state, and the five-flower stone pavement, stone arch bridges, wooden bridges, and Sifangjie Trade Square have been preserved. Residences are still using traditional crafts and materials in the restoration and construction, whether it is the streets of the old city, square arch, water system, bridges or residential decorations, courtyard vignettes, threshold joints and plaques, tablets and stones, all permeated with Naxi people's cultural cultivation and aesthetic taste, and all fully embodies the local ethnic religion, aesthetics, literature, and other aspects of the cultural connotation, mood and charm, to show that the history and culture of the depth and richness of the content. In particular, traditional culture and art such as Dongba culture and Baisha murals, which have rich connotations, have left a splendid chapter in the history of human civilization.
The Ancient City of Pingyao
The Ancient City of Pingyao, located in Shanxi, is a famous cultural city with a history of more than 2,700 years. It is one of the four best-preserved ancient cities in China, and is the only one in China that has been declared as a World Cultural Heritage site for the entire ancient city. Formerly known as "Gutao", Pingyao's walls were built in the early years of the Ming Dynasty as a defense against foreign interference from the south, and in the third year of the Hongwu Dynasty (1370 AD), the walls were rebuilt and expanded on the basis of the old ones, and were fully encased in bricks. Later Jingde, Zhengde, Jiajing, Longqing and Wanli dynasties have carried out ten times in the repair and repair, update the city building, additional enemy platform. In the forty-third year of the Kangxi reign (1703 AD), when the emperor passed through Pingyao on his western tour, four large towers were built, making the city even more spectacular. With a total circumference of 6,163 meters and a height of about 12 meters, the Pingyao City Wall separates Pingyao County, which covers an area of about 2.25 square kilometers, into two very different worlds. Inside the wall, the streets, stores and buildings remain in the Ming and Qing Dynasty; outside the wall, it is known as the New City. This is a place where ancient and modern architecture are integrated and intertwined, making it a wonderful place for contemplation.
Pingyao Ancient City was built during the reign of King Xuan of the Zhou Dynasty between 827 and 782 B.C. It was constructed for the Western Zhou general Yin Jifu, who was stationed there. Since 221 B.C., when the government of the Qin Dynasty adopted the "county system", Pingyao City has been the seat of the county government and continues to be so today. Pingyao Old Town has survived the vicissitudes of time and change to become one of the most complete surviving prototypes of an ancient Chinese county town from the Ming and Qing dynasties. The ancient city that we see now was expanded in the third year of the Ming Dynasty (1370). With a circumference of 6.4 kilometers, the expanded Pingyao City is one of the earliest and largest surviving county town walls in Shanxi and China.
Xingcheng
From Shanhaiguan, the first city you reach is Xingcheng, which is located in the middle of the western Liaoning corridor. Xingcheng City is located in the middle of the western corridor, west coast of Liaodong Bay, according to the mountains and the sea, beautiful scenery, four distinct seasons, pleasant climate, known as the "Pearl of the Bohai Sea" reputation. The city's total area of 2113 square kilometers, the existing population of 550,000 people. Xingcheng is the Bohai Sea coast of the ancient city, although the scenery is infinite, but Xingcheng "city small words micro", raised in the boudoir is not yet known. Xingcheng Liao began to build the county, not suffered war, away from industry, is China's existing ancient city in the most intact one.
Mado
Golo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, is located in the northwestern part of the state. The county capital is located in Machari (in the territory of Heihe Township), 497 kilometers away from Xining City, 289 kilometers away from the state capital, with a population of 11,000, mainly Tibetan. Mado is the first county in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, sparsely populated, harsh climate, more than 4,000 meters above sea level, but it is worth going to the place, because the cradle of Chinese culture - the source of the Yellow River is located in this county, since ancient times, people have come here to trace their roots.
Zedang
Zedang town is located in Lhasa southeast of the south bank of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, elevation 3,551 meters, is now Shannan District Office station. Zedang is the birthplace of the Tibetan nation. There is the first palace of Tibet, Yongbrakang, which is about 2,000 years old, the tomb of the Tibetan king, and the Changzhu Monastery, where Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng used to live. Known as "the dam where monkeys play", it is located at the confluence of the Yalong River and the Yarlung Zangbo River. Surrounded by high mountains, the east side of the Gonpo Ri sacred mountain, the mountain has a legendary Tibetan people's first breeding place - the monkey hole. According to legend, there are three caves on the sacred mountain "Gombo Mountain" in Tibet, where there lived a Bodhisattva, a monkey turned into a fairy for violating the precepts and a beautiful demoness, and then the monkey married the demoness under the authorization of the Bodhisattva and gave birth to six monkeys, which evolved into today's Tibetans as the monkeys reproduced from one generation to the next. The Monkey Cave in Gombo Mountain is the birthplace of the Tibetan people, and its specific location is about 200 kilometers southeast of Lhasa, Zedang. In Zedang, there is not only the Monkey Cave full of scriptures, but also the first field and the first house of the Tibetans. The first field is located in the north of Zedang, according to legend, this field is the god of the sky to give monkeys planting food, so every time when sowing, people will grab a handful of soil in the god field to sprinkle on their own field, and pray for a good harvest; the first house is located in the Zedang near the NaiDongXian, according to legend, it is the Tibetan people for their zanpop to build the first house "yongblagang", is the first generation of zanpop's royal palace, and the first house is the first house of zanpop's royal palace. is the first generation of Zangpo's palace.
Pingxiang
Pingxiang is located in the southwestern border of the motherland under the Friendship Pass, is China's connection to Vietnam and Southeast Asia's largest land border port city, is the largest and most convenient land access to Vietnam and ASEAN. The city covers an area of 650 square kilometers and has a population of 100,000, of which 85% are ethnic minorities. Pingxiang City shares a 97-kilometer border with Vietnam in the southwest. The city is 32 kilometers away from Lang Son City of Vietnam. China's National Highway 322 runs through the city and extends southward to Youyi Pass to connect with Vietnam's Highway 1. Youyi Pass was built at the end of Ming Dynasty, then called Zhenyi Pass and Zhennan Pass at the end of Ming Dynasty. Feng Zicai, a veteran general of the Qing Dynasty, once fought against the French army here and won a great victory in Zhennan Pass. After the liberation of China and Vietnam, Zhennan Pass was renamed Mutnan Pass and Friendship Pass; at the end of the 70's, because of the invasion of Vietnam, China and Vietnam were at war, and Friendship Pass became Zhennan Pass; after the 80's, China and Vietnam resumed diplomatic relations, and Zhennan Pass became Friendship Pass again.
Today, Pingxiang has become the first major station of Sino-Vietnamese border trade, walking on the hot and narrow streets of Pingxiang, at any time you can see some head wearing straw hats, small, dark-faced Vietnamese, or peddling Vietnamese souvenirs and smuggled goods, or a large number of Chinese inexpensive daily necessities. In Pingxiang, there are many Zhuang people who chew betel nut as if it were gum and eat five-colored rice, and entertain their guests with betel nut and five-colored rice. With the influx of more and more people, Pingxiang, the former military town, now has a strong commercial atmosphere, full of exotic, and even a little strange.
Turpan
Turpan is located in the middle of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, west of Urumqi, in the center of the Turpan Basin, the lowest basin in China, and is famous for the story of "Tang Sanzang's journey to fetch the scriptures was hindered by the Flaming Mountain, and the Monkey King borrowed a banana fan three times". It was called Gushi in ancient times, and was renamed Turpan since the Ming Dynasty, meaning "land of affluence and abundance". It is rich in fruits and grapes, especially grapes, and various kinds of high-quality grapes are planted in the scenic grapevines, which can be picked and tasted by tourists while touring the city.
Turpan's natural landscape is magical and unique, the famous Flame Mountain, the majestic Tuyugou, the vast and spectacular Kumtag Desert, the world's second depression Aiding Lake, the mysterious and unpredictable Torkun Yadan Scenic Area, etc. are all out of the nature's ingenious work.
Tulufan has a long history and was once a place where eastern and western cultures and religions were intricately intertwined and fused with each other, and there are historical and humanistic landscapes in its territory, such as Jiaoha Old City, Gaochang Ancient City, Berziklik Cave of a Thousand Buddhas, Kerkei Petroglyphs, Sugong Pagoda, Astana Ancient Tombs, Turpan Beacon Flint, and Taizang Pagoda, etc.
In addition, Turpan is also Turpan is also one of the two major centers of Uyghur culture, where Nazir Kumu (Turpan Mask Dance), Meixilaifu (traditional Uyghur songs and dances), Turpan Mukam (Uyghur national music), bright and colorful flower dresses, and simple and elegant buildings ...... are enough to make visitors experience the classic Uyghur folk customs. Uyghur hospitality, into the city of Turpan, everywhere you can see men wearing four flute hat, robes, and women in suits and skirts, and greet you "Yakshimuzi (hello)".
Fenghuang in western Hunan
Fenghuang County in western Hunan is located in Jishou City and Huaihua City, west of the place, the city along the Tuojiang River and built, Tuojiang River, such as wine, along the river, such as beauty drunkenness as naive and charming. Inside the city streets and alleys in the spicy and bacon flavor of the seasons, sentimental Hunan women, and the Haha. On moonlit nights, the singing of the Miao men and women can wake up every window facing the water. Out of the city, see a mountain like a sword through the air, rising from the ground, said Tianxing Mountain.
Phoenix has a long history. Spring and Autumn belonging to the State of Chu, Tang set up Weiyang County, the Qing Dynasty changed the Phoenix Hall, the Republic of China named Phoenix County, more than 4,000 years of history. There are many monuments in the territory, there are built in the Tang Dynasty Huangshiqiao stone city, Ming Wanli years of the Southern Great Wall, the Qing Kangxi when the Phoenix Ancient City Wall and the ancient city building. The culture of Chu Witch flaunts here, and multiple cultures are intertwined and precipitated. It is a famous historical and cultural city.
Fenghuang has beautiful scenery. Dongling Yinghui, Nanhua stacked cui, the peaks are quite beautiful, creek bridge night moon, Longtan fishing fire, Van Pavilion back to the waves, the morning bell of the temple, orchid path woodcutting song and known as the Phoenix eight major scenic spots. The bright water of Tuojiang River, emerald green Nanhua Mountain, rows of footstools, simple stone streets, the majestic "world's first stone bridge", the king of cave scenery, "Qiliang Cave" and the Great Wall of Southern China, the Stone City of Huangshiqiao, Xiong Xiling's former residence, Shen Congwen's former residence, Hongqiao Wind and Rain Building, as well as rich folklore. As well as rich folk customs and so on constitute a picture of heaven and mankind, a unique tourist landscape where nature and humanities are intertwined. Fenghuang is a famous scenic spot in Hunan Province, and has the reputation of "the most beautiful small town in China".
Fenghuang red sun leaves, oranges, kiwis, chestnuts and other local specialties are famous throughout the country. Ethnic tie-dye, batik, paper tie, stone carving, costumes, lion's head suckling pig, Xiangxi yellow cow, mountain wild vegetables, etc. are famous in the province and abroad.
Xichang
Located in the southwest of Sichuan Province, Xichang is the capital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, the largest Yi settlement in China. Xichang is a cultural city with a history of more than 2,100 years, is the town of the ancient Silk Road in the south, is the combination of Sichuan and Yunnan people, logistics and tourism distribution center and hub. It is also known as "the throat of Sichuan and Yunnan" and "the important town in southwest China".
Xichang, as China's largest satellite launching center, has been famous for the launching of Chinese satellites as well as satellites from other countries. Xichang can be considered the first stop on a high-tech tour of China, where one can not only see the huge rocket launchers, but also learn about the whole process of satellite launching. Outside the city, about 5 kilometers south of the city, on Lu Mountain, there is the "Guangfu Temple". The special feature of this temple is that the stone tablets inside the temple record the occurrence of earthquakes in Xichang and the surrounding areas, which is indeed rare in China, and confirms that Xichang is China's science and technology city. Feel the science and technology of Xichang, take it easy, you can go to the city 2.5 kilometers southeast of Qionghai, Qionghai for the lake, the lake water is crystal, cattail reeds. Qionghai four times the beauty of different, autumn and winter is particularly good, autumn has a bright moon push wave if the white geese, winter snow capped Qionghai warm, migratory birds to; or to go to the primitive forests of Liaoji Mountain, the forest pandas hold bamboo, roe deer chamois galloped, there are waterfalls, and there is the sea.
Pingyao
Pingyao historical and cultural city is located in central Shanxi Province. There are many cultural relics and monuments in Pingyao County, including three at the national level (Shuanglin Temple, Zhenguo Temple and the Ancient City Wall). Zhenguo Temple and the Ancient City Wall), and two at the provincial level (Dacheng Hall of the Literary Temple and Cixiang Temple). "Walking into Pingyao is like walking into a large historical museum." The city was founded during the reign of King Xuan of the Western Zhou Dynasty (827-782 B.C.), more than 2,700 years ago. So far, it has preserved the style of the county town in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, and it can be said that it is the most complete ancient city surviving in the Han ethnic area of China.
Pingyao is said to have three treasures, one of which is the old city wall made of green bricks. When the city was first built, the walls were made of rammed earth and were small in size. It was only in 1370 that it was expanded to its present size, and has survived the vicissitudes of more than 600 years. The 6-kilometer-long ancient city wall has 3,000 battlements and 72 enemy towers, which are said to symbolize the 3,000 sons and daughters of Confucius and the 72 sages. With the city building as its center, the ancient city of Pingyao is interwoven by four main streets, eight side streets, and 72 winding alleys, all of which are functionally distinct and well laid out. The city's ancient residential buildings are all clear blue-brick and gray-tiled courtyards with clear axes and symmetry, especially the brick kiln-style houses, which have a very strong local flavor. The city also built a number of large and small temples, old-fashioned stores are also lined up, these ancient buildings in their original flavor outlines the Ming and Qing dynasties of the city's bustling style.
Out of the north gate of the ancient city to the northeast there is Zhenguo Temple, which is another treasure of the ancient city. The temple's Wanfo Hall was built in the period of the Five Dynasties (10th century A.D.), and is currently the third most valuable wooden structure in China, with a history of more than 1,000 years. The colorful sculptures of the Five Dynasties in the hall are rare sculptural art treasures.
Another treasure of the ancient city is the Shuanglin Temple, located in the southwest of the city and rebuilt in the second year of Wuping of the Northern Qi Dynasty (571 A.D.). There are more than 2,000 colorful clay sculptures from Yuan Dynasty to Ming Dynasty in more than 10 halls of the temple, which is regarded as "the treasure house of colorful sculpture art". In fact, the treasures of the ancient city are numerous. Like the Dacheng Hall of the Temple of Literature, which was rebuilt in the third year of Dading of the Jin Dynasty (1163 A.D.), one of the few remaining temples in China, and the Qingxu Guan, which was built in the second year of Xianding of the Tang Dynasty (657 A.D.), each of them demonstrates the depth and richness of Chinese culture.
Lijiang
The World Heritage Site of Lijiang Old Town, with a history of more than 800 years, is situated in the middle of Lijiang Dam, covering an area of about 3.8 square kilometers, and was first built in the late Southern Song Dynasty.
The site of Lijiang Old Town is unique, forming an overall pattern of sitting on the mountains to the northwest and looking to the southeast. The Yuquan River, which originates at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain in the north of the city, enters the city in three streams and then divides into countless tributaries that flow through the streets and around the alleys, forming a poetic picture of "water flowing around the front of every house, and willows drooping behind the houses". Streets are not constrained by neat and free distribution, the main street along the water, the alley near the canal, more than 300 ancient stone bridges and the river, trees, ancient alleys, old houses, very high plateau water town of ancient trees, bridges, running water, people's homes, the aesthetic rhyme, known as the "East of the main Venice," "Highland Gusu It is known as "East Lord Venice" and "Highland Gusu". Take full advantage of the city springs to build a number of "three wells", on the pool drinking, washing vegetables in the pond, downstream floating clothes, is a symbol of the wisdom of the Naxi forefathers, is the local people to use water resources of the exemplary masterpieces, fully embodies the harmony between man and nature. The heart of the ancient city Sifangjie Ming and Qing Dynasty has been the hub of commerce and trade in northwestern Yunnan, is the distribution center on the Tea Horse Road. Sifang Street to colorful stone pavement, clean water washing street, day for the city, polyester field in the twilight of the unique streetscape and famous. Being there, it is like stepping into the prosperous scene of "Qingming Riverside Scene". The ancient city still maintains a large part of the Ming and Qing dynasty architectural features, "three workshops and a wall, four and five patios, walk the horse corner building" type of tiled houses lined up, both highlighting the structural layout, but also the pursuit of carving and painting decorations, outside the clumsy inside, exquisite and delicate, by Chinese and foreign architectural experts as "residential museums "Lijiang Ancient City is full of cultural relics and monuments. Lijiang ancient city has many cultural relics and monuments, cultural richness and uniqueness, is China's most well-preserved, the most national style of ancient towns. 1997 included in the World Heritage List, became the first batch of human beings * * * with the protection of the responsibility of the world's cultural heritage city.
Yan'an
Yan'an City is located in the northern Shaanxi Loess Plateau hills and gullies, the Xia Dynasty, Yan'an belongs to the domain of Yongzhou, the Sui Dynasty began to set up the Yan'an County, the Tang and Song Dynasty for the Yanzhou or Yan'an Province. Yan'an has always been the Han nationality and the northern ethnic minorities of the mingling place, very early to become the political, military, economic and cultural center of the northern Shaanxi Province. 1935 October to 1947 March, Yan'an is the seat of the Central Committee of the ****, Mao Zedong and other revolutionaries of the older generation here to lead the people of the whole country to win the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the War of liberation, and the establishment of the new China of the people's ownership of the new China, left a brilliant and glorious in the history of Yan'an! This has left a brilliant page in the history of Yan'an. The Pagoda Mountain in Yan'an became a place of pilgrimage for young people at that time.
While Yan'an has long been known to women and children in China and is well known, until today it had a population of only 200,000, which is an understatement to say that it is a small place. Today, Yan'an is still the most worthwhile place to visit, although many people are already familiar with the lights of Yangjialing, Zaoyuan lights, Wangjiaping ball, but after all, history in the Baota Mountain, Phoenix Mountain, Qingliang Mountain, surrounded by the Yanhe River turned a corner, in person, touching each piece of heavy heavy solid loess, through the old homes of the elderly and kiln caves, and then contemplation, you will realize a kind of thing that can not be obtained elsewhere.
The first thing you need to do is to get to the top of the mountain.
Jingzhou ancient city
May 19, Wuhan Municipal Association of Cultural and Historical Study Committee visited the Jingzhou ancient city. Jingzhou is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the hinterland of the Jianghan Plain. The state of Chu in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, five kilometers north of the city of Jingzhou Ji Nan City built the capital for 411 years, leaving a rich historical and cultural heritage. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, Jingzhou has been a major town where kings have set up their capitals. During the Qin Dynasty, Jiangling County was established in the South County. During the Han Dynasty, following the Qin system, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided the country into thirteen states, of which Jingzhou was one, and was one of the ten major commercial capitals of the country at that time. During the Three Kingdoms period, Jingzhou was a key area for the fight for supremacy. Since then, 11 disputed princes, including Emperor An in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, Emperor Harmony of Qi, Emperor Yuan of Liang, Emperor Xuan of Liang in the Southern Dynasty, King of Houliang in the Sui Dynasty, and King of Nanping in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms in the late Tang Dynasty, have claimed the title of emperor and built their capitals in Jingzhou for more than 100 years. During the Tang Dynasty, Jingzhou was the accompanying capital, called "South County", echoing Chang'an City from north to south. During the Yuan Dynasty, it was the capital of Jinghu Province. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, it was the capital of the Hubei-Guangzhou sub-province. After the Ming Dynasty, has been the state (prefecture, department), the county seat.
Jingzhou history and culture is profound, in the city and its surrounding neighborhood, there are many monuments and attractions. Dayu water resting soil, Xiongchu statehood of the capital, the remains of the Three Kingdoms strife, celebrities throughout the generations of the trail, like a starry night, countless. The ancient city wall of Jingzhou is one of the most representative and significant monuments. According to "Hou Han Shu - Geography Zhi" records, Jingzhou ancient city wall construction history, can be traced back to more than 2,800 years ago in the period of King Li of Zhou. The ancient city wall of Jingzhou is the only ancient city wall in China that has the longest duration, the most dynasties, and the only ancient city wall that has evolved from the development of an earthen city. in March, 1998, archaeologists successively unearthed the brick city of the Song Dynasty and the Five Dynasties period, and the earthen city of the Two Jin Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period. Superimposed on the current wall 10 meters below the discovery of the Five Dynasties brick city, so that the Jingzhou City brick city construction history from the beginning of the Ming Dynasty is generally accepted, and back more than 400 years. Since the Three Kingdoms era, the ancient city wall of Jingzhou has not undergone any major changes, and the displacement distance is only within 50 meters; the earth city wall is much earlier than the brick city wall. 2000 August, archaeologists found a section of nearly 20 meters long of the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty rammed stone and gray glutinous rice mortar city wall on the west side of the small north gate of the city of Jingzhou. This section of the wall, although after 500 years, is still as solid as a disk stone, rare in the world.
Jingzhou's existing ancient city walls were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Brick city winding upright, complete and strong, is one of the best-preserved ancient city walls in China's capital city. The brick city is about 1 meter thick, the inner wall is rammed with earth and the lower part is about 9 meters wide. The outside of the wall with stone and brick masonry. Brick city height of 9 meters, circumference of 11,281 meters. Brick city wall with special green brick plus lime glutinous rice paste masonry. Special large green bricks weighing about 4 kilograms each, some burned with text. In the east gate tower of the horse road can be seen part of the text brick has taken protective measures. The bricks contain information about the government, officials and time of the brick construction. From the origin of the text brick records know, the city brick is not only from the original Jingzhou region, E Yu and Shaanxi provinces junction of all state, Xiang Gui and Qian provinces junction of Jingzhou, Jiangxi Province, Chaling and Hunan province have text brick in Jingzhou city wall. Text brick is the history of the construction of the ancient wall of Jingzhou rare archive evidence.
Jingzhou ancient city wall around, the original city gate 6, namely the East Gate, small East Gate (also known as the public security door), North Gate, small North Gate, West Gate, South Gate. Each gate are set up "double insurance", before and after the two doors, two doors built between the urns. In order to ease the traffic in the city, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the city opened three new gates, namely, the new East Gate, the new South Gate, the new North Gate. The newly opened gates have no urns. 6 ancient city gates were originally built with city towers, but now only the East Gate and the Great North Gate have city towers. The East Gate is also known as "Yinbin Gate". The city tower is "Binyanglou", which was built in the Ming Dynasty, and the current tower was rebuilt in 1988. The East Gate was the gate to welcome envoys and guests. Therefore, the gate tower is spectacular and the urn is the largest. Dabeimen, also known as Gongji Gate, was the exit of the ancient post road leading to the Central Plains and the capital, where people used to send their friends and relatives on long trips by folding willows and giving them as gifts, wishing them peace and safety, so Dabeimen was also known as the Willow Gate. Dabeimen tower name "Chaozong building", the tower ridge square below the book has rebuilt this building time: the Qing dynasty Daoguang eighteen years of age wuxu in September of polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl Xu early ten wuxin auspicious time dingsi time rebuilt. Dabeimen citadel is the only surviving citadel on the wall of the ancient city of ancient architecture. Binyang building and Chaozong building are equipped with stairs, you can climb on it from a height, a full view of the ancient city of thousands of charm.
Jingzhou ancient city wall as a large-scale military fortifications in ancient times, in addition to the tall and solid walls and urns and other buildings, there are many supporting military facilities above the wall, now survives and the most combat defense function, the most distinctive to the number of hidden four hiding holes, east, west, north and south of a, each 10.5 meters long, 6.3 meters wide, 6 meters deep, divided into two layers, can accommodate more than 100 people. Each layer also has a small hiding hole. Each level and small hiding holes, each small hole can accommodate 2 people, holes are shot holes. Hiding holes where the wall was rectangular protruding outward, the attack on the enemy, can be shot from the three sides of the hole dark arrows, so that it is caught off guard.