The Cathedral of St. Pierre (Cathédrale St. Pierre), the most impressive landmark in the old town, was built between 1160 and 1232 on rue de la Cité de la Ville de Genève, which is also the highest point in the city. The cathedral blends a variety of architectural styles: the original building is Romanesque, the arches are Gothic, and the main entrance, added in the 18th century, has Greco-Roman columns and a dome similar to that of the Pantheon in Rome.
For 25 years, starting in 1536, Calvin, the center of the Reformation in the French-speaking world, propagated Protestant doctrine in this church. To this day, the church still has the chairs and seats he used. In addition, there is the largest archaeological dig in Europe on the ground floor. The tower on the north side overlooks the whole of Lake Leman and the city of Geneva.
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2. Denmark
Bronze statue of a mermaid, Little Mermaid
Danish attraction. Located on the beach near the seaside park in the capital city of Copenhagen Lang Erini. By the Danish sculptor Eduard Eriksen in 1912 based on Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale "The Daughter of the Sea" in the heroine of the sculpture cast. The story of The Daughter of the Sea is summarized as follows: The King of the Sea has a beautiful and kind daughter, the Little Mermaid. The little mermaid fell in love with the prince, in order to pursue love and happiness, not hesitate to endure great pain, take off the fish form, in exchange for human form . But the prince ended up marrying a woman on earth . The witch tells the little mermaid that if she kills the prince and makes his blood run down her leg, the little mermaid will be able to return to the sea and live a carefree life again. Instead, she threw herself into the sea and turned into foam. Danish people admire the little mermaid's spirit of sacrifice and noble sentiments, in order to eternally commemorate her, carefully made this little mermaid bronze statue. Statue of the model is said to participate in the Royal Danish Theatre at the time of the performance of the ballerina, some say that the sculptor's wife. Copper statue and the human body similar in size, its lower limbs for the fish tail shape, the upper body for a realistic image of a beautiful woman, serene, face slightly shy, melancholy. Mermaid statue is the symbol of the Kingdom of Denmark.
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3. United States
Statue of Liberty
United States, Statue of Liberty, cultural heritage, inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1984.
The steel skeleton of the Statue was designed by Eiffel, who designed the Paris Tower, and the statue was designed by the French sculptor Virebduque and completed in Paris. The French government gave the monumental statue, a symbol of freedom, to the United States as a gift to celebrate the 100th anniversary of American independence. Since its dedication in 1886, it has towered over the entrance to New York Harbor.
The Statue of Liberty is a gift from the French people to the American people, a symbol of freedom, the Statue of Goddess is 46 meters high, along with the total height of the base is about 100 meters, was the world's tallest monumental building, which is known as the "Statue of Liberty Bronze National Monument", the official name is "shine the world's Goddess of Liberty", the entire statue of 120 tons of steel for the skeleton, 80 tons of copper as the outer skin, to 300,000 willow nail assembly fixed in the bracket, a total weight of 225 tons, the bronze statue of the internal steel bracket is by the architect Virebduke and the construction of the Eiffel Tower in Paris is known in the world of French engineers Eiffel design and production.
The goddess has her lips tightly closed, wearing a radiant crown, dressed in a loose Roman-style robe, her right hand holding a several-meter-long torch symbolizing freedom, her left hand holding a bronze plate, on which is engraved with Roman numerals the date of the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America--July 4, 1776 A.D., with broken chains scattered on the feet, the right heel raised for marching, the whole for the breaking free from the shackles, and stand up to march! The overall image of the rebel, the goddess is dignified and resolute, giving people a sense of inviolability. And its dignified and plump physique is like an ancient Greek beauty, making people feel friendly and natural. When the night twilight falls, the light of the base of the statue shines upwards, reflecting the goddess like a jade sculpture of light green color. And from the goddess crown of the window holes in the light, as if in the goddess head decorated with a string of shiny gold-colored light, to the bustling and noisy metropolis added a quite spectacular night scene. The creation of this masterpiece of art is the French sculptor Batardi, the image of the goddess from the exciting scene he witnessed when he was 17 years old: in 1851, Louis Bonaparte launched a coup d'état to overthrow the French second **** and the country. One day, a group of ****Peace party members built a defense of the streets and engaged in a street battle with the coup makers. At twilight, a young girl loyal to the **** and the regime, holding a burning torch, jumped over the obstacles, shouting the slogan "Forward" to the enemy, but unfortunately shot dead. From then on, the torch of the brave girl has become a symbol of the sculptor's heart in pursuit of freedom, in addition, the goddess statue of the shape of the later wife of Battey as the prototype creation, the face is taken from his mother.
In 1869, Battelle completed the design of the Statue of Liberty sketches. 1874 statue project began, to 1884 completely finished, before and after ten years, the statue of the index finger alone is 2.5 meters long, 1 meter wide, the fingernail is 75 centimeters thick.
July 6, 1884, the Statue of Liberty was officially presented to the U.S. On August 5, the statue of the foundation stone laying project began, the base is about 27 meters high, made of granite concrete. Below the pedestal is a huge concrete pillar driven 6 meters into the center of the Fortress of Fleetwood. The fort, a military battery in the shape of an octagonal star, was built in 1808-1811 to strengthen the defenses of New York Harbor, and renovated in 1840.In June 1885, the entire statue was divided into more than 200 crates and shipped by tugboat from Lyon, France, to New York City.In mid-October 1886, 75 workmen put 30 rivets and about 100 parts on scaffolding, assembling them in one place.On 28th President Cleveland personally presided over the unveiling of the Statue of Liberty, which was attended by 10,000 people. in 1916, President Wilson installed a round-the-clock lighting system for the Statue and presided over the completion ceremony. in 1942, the U.S. government made the decision to list the Statue of Liberty as a U.S. National Monument.
Over a century, the Statue of Liberty on Liberty Island has become a symbol of friendship between the American nation and the American and French people, forever expressing the noble ideals of the American people for democracy and freedom
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4. Germany: Brandenburg Gate
Located in the center of Berlin, the capital city of Germany, the Brandenburg Gate is a symbol of Berlin as well as a symbol of Germany.
As early as 1769, Charles the Great put forward plans to build the Brandenburg Gate. Karl Langhans, then director of the Palace Construction Bureau, was in charge of the project, and in 1788, construction began. 1791, the Brandenburg Gate was completed. This solemn, majestic building fully demonstrated the majesty of the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia in its heyday.
Langhams was one of the earliest representatives of German classicism. His design of the Brandenburg Gate was based on the style of the Acropolis Gate in ancient Greece, making it rich in classical architectural style. Brandenburg Gate is 20 meters high, 65.5 meters wide, 11 meters deep, with 5 passages, the middle passage is wider than the 4 passages on both sides, designed for the royal members to pass through. 5 passages each have 6 columns 14 meters high and 1.73 meters in diameter, corresponding to the front and back. The five passages are separated by a wall between the front and back columns. The top of the gate is in the shape of a trapezoid, with a large relief inlaid on the front. In the center of the roof is the highest bronze statue of the Goddess of Victory driving a four-horse, two-wheeled chariot. On an iron cross raised in her right hand stands an eagle vulture with spread wings. The 6-meter-high statue is the work of the German sculptor Sachdorf. It is a symbol of victory in the war that lasted seven years, from 1756 to 1763, when the Kingdom of Prussia was finally united as a German federal state.
From 1791, when the Brandenburg Gate was built, to October 3, 1990, when East and West Germany were united, the Brandenburg Gate has experienced 200 years of war. 1807, the French Emperor Napoleon took over Prussia and snatched the statue of Victory. It was only after Napoleon's defeat at Leipzig and his abdication at Fontainebleau in 1814 that the Victory was brought back from Paris by the Germans, and in the 19th century, with the rise of the German Empire, the Brandenburg Gate became a parade ground for the display of German power. During Hitler's fascist rule, the Brandenburg Gate became a show of force and political propaganda for the Third Reich, with swastikas flying from the gatehouse.
In 1945, World War II artillery fire destroyed the statue of the Goddess of Victory, and when it was recast in bronze in 1958, the iron cross and eagle vulture in the goddess's hands were removed. After the end of the Second World War, East and West Berlin were divided, so the Brandenburg Gate, after experiencing the glory of triumph and the shame of defeat, became the symbol of the division of Germany. 1961 August, East Germany built the Berlin Wall, the Berlin Wall along the Brandenburg Gate on both sides of the left and right sides of the Berlin Wall was dismantled in December 1989, the Brandenburg Gate was surrounded by the whole 28 years. 1990 October 3, Brandenburg Gate On October 3, 1990, the square next to the Brandenburg Gate was crowded with Berliners celebrating the reunification of Germany.
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5. Japan
Introduction to Tokyo Tower:
The Tokyo Tower, located near Hibiya Station in Japan, is a 333-meter-high tower that looks a lot like the Eiffel Tower in Paris, but is purposely made a little bit taller to claim to be the world's tallest tower.
The Tokyo Tower has a five-story shopping mall and museum on the ground floor, then an elevator to the top. The tower is equipped with an observation deck, the first floor is 150 meters high, you can look out over Tokyo, the second floor is 250 meters high, the view of Tokyo, Tokyo Bay, Izu, Boso Peninsula as far as the eye can see. On the top floor, you can see the whole of Tokyo, with modern buildings and traditional palaces contrasting with each other, and highways and harbors each dominating the landscape. The giant telescope on the observation deck now allows you to see for three minutes for every 100 yen invested, a change that has been made in the last ten years.
In addition, the tower also has an aquarium, wax museum, laser stereoscopic projection room.
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6. Austria: Vienna State Opera House
The Vienna State Opera House is one of the most famous opera houses in the world. Located in the old city of Vienna on the Ringstrasse, built in 1861, by the famous Austrian architects Siksbauer and Müller designed and supervised the construction of the May 15, 1869 was completed and opened, the first performance of Mozart's opera "Don Juan". At the end of World War II, the Vienna State Opera House was severely damaged during the massive bombing of Germany and Austria by the British and American Allies. After the war, the opera house was rebuilt over a period of eight years at a cost of $100 million, and reopened on November 5, 1955, with a performance of Beethoven's opera Fidelio.
The State Opera House is a tall, square building modeled after an Italian Renaissance Bolshoi Theatre and made entirely of pale yellow marble produced in Italy. On the front side of the tall gatehouse has five arched doors, upstairs there are five arched windows, the windows stood on five bronze statues of the goddess of the opera, respectively, representing the heroism of the opera, drama, imagination, art and love. At the top of the gatehouse, on either side, stands a bronze statue of the God of Drama on a celestial horse. The walls inside the gatehouse are painted with wonderful scenes from Mozart's last opera, The Magic Flute.
The restored theatre has been modernized and adapted to opera performances. The entire theater has an area of 9,000 square meters, upstairs and downstairs **** there are 1,642 seats, behind the 567 stations, the third floor and more than 100 boxes. In the middle of the theater is the stage, with a total area of 1,508 square meters, including three parts: the front stage, side stage and backstage. The stage has a total height of 53 meters and a depth of 50 meters. The stage is able to maneuver, elevate, and open and close horizontally. The orchestra pit is also very large and can accommodate an orchestra of 110 people. The Opera House has 2 ballet practice rooms and 3 company practice rooms, a rehearsal stage of 364 square meters, 10 soloists' practice rooms, a large organ room, and dozens of actors' dressing rooms. The Opera House is also equipped with a television and radio broadcasting room, which can be viewed from every position in the theater on a fluorescent screen. It can simultaneously broadcast live performances to 50 national
or regional radio stations and 9 television stations.
On the walls of the lounges and corridors there are many paintings of the best scenes from the finest operas of the most accomplished musicians, such as Weber's The Magic Bullet, Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute, and Don Giovanni, Beethoven's Fidelio, and Rossini's The Serbian Barber, to name but a few. A golden head of the musician himself also stands at the top of each fresco.
At the upper end of the cloister near the main staircase there are also busts of musical giants such as Haydn, Schubert, Brahms, Wagner, Strauss and his father and son, as well as successive theater managers of the Vienna State Opera such as Mahler and Richard Strauss.
The Vienna State Opera since its inception, has been employing those highly respected, skillful music masters as the theater manager, and the music world's leading Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra as the permanent opera orchestra, and spared no expense to hire world-famous singers as the leading role in the opera. The theater also stipulates that it is not allowed to stage unknown works or debut works, but only those masterpieces that have long been recognized. These rules and measures have earned it international fame, and the State Opera House has become an important symbol of Vienna, the home of music. Enjoying an opera at the Vienna State Opera is an essential part of the program for thousands of tourists and visiting missions.
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7. Norway: Oslo Cathedral
Oslo Cathedral Oslo Domkirken The cathedral was built in 1694 A.D. and took about a century to complete, with some renovations in the 19th and 20th centuries. The Norwegian state religion, Evangelical Lutheranism, is centered on this cathedral, and its bronze gate was designed by the famous Norwegian sculptor (Dagfin Werenskiold) in 1938 A.D. Inside the church there is a German-made organ made of 6,000 pipes, and in front of the church there is a flower market, and behind the church there is a statue of the Norwegian King Christian IV. Behind the church is a statue of King Christian IV of Norway, who laid the foundations for the city as it is today.
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8. France: Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower (Eiffel Tower, French: La Tour Eiffel) is the symbol of modern Paris, is a in 1889 was completed in Paris, France, Square of the God of War in the open structure of the Tower, 320 meters high. The Eiffel Tower is named after its designer, bridge engineer Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel. Tower design bizarre unique, is the world's architectural history of technical masterpieces, and thus become an important attractions and prominent symbol of France and Paris.
The Eiffel Tower is divided into three layers, from the tower base to the top of the tower **** there are 1,711 steps, respectively, 57 meters from the ground, 115 meters and 276 meters at the platform. It is said that the tower *** with go steel 7,000 tons, 12,000 metal parts, 2.5 million rivets and connected.
May 15, 1889, for the World's Fair opening ceremony to cut the ribbon, the Tower's designer Gustave? Eiffel personally raised the French flag to the Tower's 300-meter height, from which people in order to commemorate his contribution to France and Paris, especially also in the Tower for him to shape a bronze bust.
Until January 16, 2004, in order to bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics, the French government of the city of Paris specially in the Eiffel Tower to introduce the preparations made for the Olympic Games, and the Eiffel Tower has become more of France's bid for the Olympic Games, "natural advertising".
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9. Belgium: Pissing child - Yu Lian bronze statue
in Belgium's capital, Brussels, near the center of the square, "Edouard" street, there is an eye-catching "peeing child" bronze statue. The child's fluffy hair, nose, naked, smiling, standing on a 2-meter-high marble pedestal, as if no one else in the pee. His "urine" like a trickle, year-round pouring in the pool below, his innocent and lively posture, lifelike grace, very realistic, love! This is the Belgian people called "Brussels, the first citizen" of less than even. According to legend, foreign invasion forces are ready to blow up the city of Brussels, less than even in a hurry, with a bubble of urine to extinguish the burning fuse, thus saving the ancient city of Brussels, so that the people of the city spared. The Belgian people will be less than even proud, praised his courage and resourcefulness, not afraid of sacrifice of the noble spirit.
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10. p>
The Kremlin, a world-famous architectural complex, enjoys the reputation of "the eighth wonder of the world" and is a must-visit for travelers.In the first half of the 12th century, Grand Duke Dolgoruky built a wooden castle - the Kremlin - on the low hills of Borovets, and Moscow has gradually developed from this castle. The present red brick was built between 1485 and 1495. It is roughly triangular in shape. The palace walls are 2,235 meters long, ranging from 5 to 19 meters high and 3.5 to 6.5 meters thick. *** Four gates and nineteen spires.
The famous "Kremlin bells", originating from the autoharp in the Spasskaya Tower, were installed in 1851-1852. It is connected to the chronometer of the Observatory, which is the most accurate.
The tower is 67.3 meters, and the gate below is the main access to the Kremlin, although in the past all those entering should take off their hats or be punished by bowing 50 times. Fear not, you will not be told to enter!
West of the Kremlin is the Alexander Garden and the Tomb of the Unknown Martyr. Newlywed couples come here to lay flowers. There are so many brides for you to see.
Now the Maneesh underground shopping mall and square have been built to blend in with the gardens. Fountains and statues are everywhere. The Tomb of the Unknown Martyrs, on the other hand, is solemn and was built just before Victory Day in 1967 to honor those who died in World War II. The tombstone has a long flame that has been burning since it was lit. The inscription on the tombstone reads, "Your name is unknown, your achievements will last forever." When foreign leaders come, they come here to lay flowers. There's also the changing of the guard ceremony for National Post One. Not bad, legs up high.
To visit the Kremlin, you have to pass the "Kutafia Tower". First of all, you will see the Congress Building, a modern building with 6,000 seats and a luxurious interior, which, in addition to meetings, also serves as a venue for high-level performances.
Further on, you will see the Cannon King and the Bell King. The Cannon King has a history of more than 400 years, weighing 40 tons with a diameter of 0.92 meters. In front of the cannon, there are four shells, each weighing 2 tons. The frame of the gun is beautifully embossed with a statue of Tsar Fedor. It was never used because it was too heavy and too big.
The King of Bells, deservedly so, weighs 202 tons, is 6.14 meters high and 6.60 meters in diameter. It is four and a half times heavier than the Yongle Bell in Beijing. It took two years to cast in 1735, but because of the fire, the bell fell off a piece, weighing 11.5 tons. The bell was cast with the statues of Tsar Aleksei and Empress Anna, as well as statues of gods and goddesses.
Next to the King of Bells is the Ivan the Great Bell Tower built of white stone. It is 81 meters high. It used to be the highest point in Moscow. Inside the building hangs a dozen ancient bells of various sizes. Whenever they ring, they can be heard from a long way away.
A little further on is Church Square, Moscow's oldest wide?S?one-topped white stone church is the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, (also known as Ussitsky), where successive grand dukes and tsars have been crowned. Built in 1480, it was constructed by an Italian architect.
On the right side of the square is the Church of the Annunciation, also known as Blagoveshchinsky, near the banks of the Moscow River. Small but most charming, it is the Palace's family chapel, where royal weddings are held, and contains some of Russia's oldest iconostasis frescoes.
On the opposite side of the Church of the Angels is the mausoleum of the kings. After the transfer of the capital to Petersburg, the emperors were buried in the "Peter and Paul Cathedral" in Petrograd.
The Grand Kremlin, the palace of the tsars, is domed by a white, blue and red Russian flag. It is now the office of the President of Russia, but unfortunately it is not allowed to visit. If not, you might be able to run into Putin!
Further down, there's the Hall of Arms and the Hall of Diamonds, which is actually the Array of Valuables of the Russian Tsars, built in 1851. It used to be a place where weapons were manufactured and stored. Famous items include the Crown Jewels, the solid gold scepter and standard, Ivan the Terrible's Ivory Throne, Tsar Alexei's Diamond Vault, as well as Ekaterina II's wedding gowns, jeweled saddles and sabers. There is also a 17th century "Bible" with 3017 jewels on a silver cover. It's all worth a fortune.
Development time: 10:00-18:00 every day except Thursdays
Tips: 1. No one is allowed to enter in shorts or improperly dressed;
2. The government office building and the parliamentary office building are not available for tour.
Route: By subway, get off at Alexandra Gardens station.
The Kremlin became synonymous with the Soviet government; after the collapse of the Soviet Union, it became synonymous with the Russian government.
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