Human beings are inextricably linked to their environment. In the past, present and future, man has always been transforming the environment to create environmental spaces that are not only usable but also aesthetically pleasing. What the city means is not only the accumulation of buildings, streets, stores and other artificial structures, but also the social, cultural, economic, political and colorful life of the city dwellers accompanied by many functional facilities and hardscape. From the external visual image, the city is composed of its planar structure, skyline, colorful buildings, market facilities, regional landmarks, open spaces, planted gardens, and transportation vehicles, but these are all the material forms formed by urban people under the behavior of choosing and being chosen, which contain profound natural laws, social psychology, humanistic emotions and historical vicissitudes.
The famous urbanism and architecture scholar of the 20th century, Lewis Mumford, wrote in his representative work. Mumford in his representative work "the history of urban development" pointed out: "if the city realized life is not a commendation of itself, then the development of the city for the formation of all the sacrifices made will be costless. Neither enlarged power nor limited material wealth , can offset even one day's lost enjoyment of beauty, joy and affection." "As we walk through the city we can see that this phenomenon is unmistakable, that the buildings around us seem to be able to speak and act as if they were the inhabitants of the city; and that through the physical structure of the city, past events, decisions taken long ago, and long-established values continue to live on and exert their influence. "
It was in order to fully realize the urban environment and the role of human beings in constructing it that, as learners of urban ecology, we undertook an internship on April 5, 2003, in the northwest suburbs of Beijing.
I. Overview of the internship
We started from the front of the second floor of Peking University Yat-Fu at 8:00 a.m., passed the Guanghua Building, the library, the Yannan Garden, the bronze statue of Li Dazhao, and the bronze statue of Cai Yuanpei, and arrived at the south shore of the Unknown Lake to see the flop-tailed stone fish, went out of the west gate of Peking University, went through the Weixiu Garden, the Chengze Garden, the Haidian Park, the Liulangzhuang, the Beijing urban greening isolation zone, and arrived at the southern Ruyi Gate of the Summer Palace to view the Beijing-Miami Diversion Channel, and after that, we went out of the west gate of Peking University. After that, we entered the Summer Palace from the South Ruyi Gate of the Summer Palace, arrived at the south shore of Kunming Lake, followed the west embankment to Wanshoushan and the East Palace Gate, and finished the internship. Along the way on the green, architecture and other natural and human landscape to do a certain amount of investigation, to obtain a certain amount of information, but also came up with some of their own thinking and conclusions.
Second, the content and analysis of the internship
1, about a controversial road
Walking into the East Gate of Beihang University, what can be seen is a wide and straight road. As one of the few wide and straight roads in Beihang University, it is a controversial road, with neatly man-made and well-maintained lawns along the roadside announcing the modernized and internationalized brand-new Beihang University. The road is surrounded by the more modern buildings of Peking University - Science Building No. 1, Building No. 2, Yifu Building No. 1, Yifu Building No. 2, Yifu Court, Science Teaching Building, and so on. At the end of the road is a cluster of antique-style buildings with a traditional flavor.
Many people think that the road's width and straightness do not harmonize well with the antique-style roofs of the surrounding buildings. The feeling of incongruity is compounded by the fact that, apart from neat artificial lawns, the road is flanked on both sides by small, neatly planted, almost overgrown trees, while at the end of the road there are large, tall, shaded trees that have grown for many years.
This probably involves what is known as "visual adaptation". In many cases, we seldom consider the specific context, and simply apply a model that looks good and advanced, while ignoring the specific requirements of the environment for buildings and other man-made facilities.
Perhaps this is also a problem in planning. Just as the newer buildings that can be seen everywhere on the campus of Peking University are a mix of older buildings, perhaps not the perfect choice.
2, the campus of the paradise - Yannan Park
Yannan Park is Peking University Yanyuan many gardens in a smaller garden, the garden is only staggered with a dozen of exquisite and elegant two-story buildings and bungalows, this is a residential area of Peking University professors. People often say, "Peking University's famous professors do not necessarily live in Yannan Park, but Yannan Park are famous professors". In the 50's alone, Yannan Park lived Ma Yinchu, Tang Yutong, Zhou Peiyuan, Feng Youlan, Zhu Guangqian, Chen Daisun, Hou Renzhi, Lin Geng, and later moved into Wang Li, Wei Jiangong and other gentlemen. Ms. Bing Xin also lived here when she taught at Yanjing University. This is enough to reflect the depth of its connotation and cultural deposits.
The independent residential model in Yannan Park is the ideal environment for the academic research of the old professors. As one of the old professors pointed out in an interview, despite being slightly old, he would not think of changing the old-fashioned pattern of the house, one reason being that even though many of the books were donated to the library, the collection of books at home led to the inconvenience of renovation. However a more crucial point - the layout of the old house is an environment that allows one to settle down to read and study. Years of accumulation have filled this small garden with the smell of books ......
So, apart from the smell of books, what does it mean to the people who have lived here for a long time?
Those interviewed in the course of the internship were mainly elderly people over 60 years of age who have lived here for more than 35 years. They generally agreed that Yannan Garden has a good living environment. First of all, it is located on a terrace, the ground is higher than the surrounding area, which is a good geographical environment. And the plants of various colors in between provide a coordinated ecological environment for the garden. As a very characteristic residential garden, Yannan Garden attracts visitors from all walks of life, and teachers and students from the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University once sketched here to study its architectural features.
However, Yannan Park also has its shortcomings. Interviewees generally pointed out the following points:
One of them is to visit the sightseeing crowd breaks the original quiet and clean, passing car dust and noise, to the garden environment has brought a large degree of damage.
The second is the problem of public toilets. The land occupied by the public toilet was the playground for children in the past, and due to negligence, the construction of the public toilet has not only wiped out the children's play, but also caused a great deal of impact on the environment. In fact, in Yannan Park, there are independent sanitary facilities in each separate residence, and the establishment of public toilets is only a convenience for hawkers outside the park. As one of the few rare outdoor public toilets on the Peking University campus, its establishment naturally has its own rationale, however, the choice of site in the rich cultural heritage and deep connotations of Yannan Park, the choice of site in the old professors reading and studying in Yannan Park, perhaps not very reasonable.
The third is the contradiction between office and residential. As one of the interviewees pointed out, Yannan Park, there are homes have been assigned by the school to certain administrative agencies, administrative agencies of the office further breaks the tranquility of the garden, can not help but cause deep thought.
Yannan Park charm, on behalf of a part of the charm of Peking University, is the style of governance and pleasant temperament. Its integrity, is an inseparable part of Beida. Perhaps, its tranquility should not be broken and prying ......
3, the apple orchard changes - the quiet garden lawn
The famous quiet garden lawn used to be a piece of apple orchard, as a lawn, it replaces the status of the past east lawn. The The East Lawn, which is now the location of the new library, was once a romantic lawn loved by students. A Peking University student wrote: "The East Lawn is the piece of land east of the old library of Peking University. Here was once Gao Xiaosong's gang to take a broken guitar to the University to fool the little girls of the Lord's best stage, but also a good place for us to read the rest of the people of Peking University. Many NU couples met, met, fell in love in the East Lawn, their feelings for this piece of grass is even deeper. ...... Li Ka-shing said: this piece of land is empty strange pity, I give you some money, and then repair half of the library. A year later, there was no longer the sight of a newspaper and a book for one person, and a building more solemn than the Supreme People's Court drowned out so many stories that should have happened." (Source: campus.chinaren.com)
Afterward, the original apple orchard was converted to a lawn after strong student demand. The romance of the lawn was restored, yet that rare orchard on campus was lost forever. It's always a pity.
Compatibility, perhaps, is really difficult. Over the years, Peking University in order to accept more and more scholars, in order to connect with the international standards, a lot of the original natural and man-made unique scenery can only give way to new buildings, which caused countless old Peking University people's feelings. And development is always necessary, the key is how to develop, how to do in the appropriate place to inch the use of land, while in other places to leave our pride. If one day, the unnamed lake began to shrink, or the unnamed lake stands around the new style of building, that is our real sadness.
"A tower lake map" is not all of Peking University, the spirit of Peking University, very wide, the pride of Peking University, lies in the culture it creates, the harmony and unity of science and nature ......
4, unique craftsmanship --Trail leading to the unnamed lake
The northern part of Peking University's campus can be described as ancient, like a traditional Chinese garden, in a beautiful romance but also gives people a heavy sense of thought and history. "Life at Peking University is closer to the traditional literati." A Tsinghua student who always likes to linger at the shores of Lake Weiming said. This kind of literati spirit can also be reflected in the path that leads to the Weiming Lake, whose shade and quietness constitute a unique landscape of Peking University.
Plants of all colors grow along the quiet path. Attention-grabbing are the rocks under the cedars, which are refreshingly unique for their purpose. The waxy substance in the lower part of the pine needles is acidic, and when it falls into the soil it can cause the soil to be affected by acidification and deteriorate to the point where it becomes dusty when it is windy. The stone prevents the dust from rising, thus ensuring the freshness and cleanliness of the road and air here.
The large eaves of the traditional buildings along the roadside provide a good living environment for birds, such as sparrows, and the sound of birdsong is endless. Here, man and nature are truly one, and it's a rare sight to behold.
Xinhua.com reported the following on October 6, 2002: (Source: www.sohu.com)
"Entering the campus of Peking University, one can see flocks of magpies and other birds of prey on the branches of the trees, on the grass, beside the teaching buildings, in front of the library, on the shore of the Unknown Lake, and at the top of the Boya Tower ...... everywhere. You can see flocks of magpies and other birds of prey, a scene of "the campus is full of crowing birds".
"Nineteen years ago graduated from the Chinese Department of Peking University, Peking University Party Committee propaganda department vice minister Zhang Liming said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency reporter, he went to college in the campus to see the magpies, but not as many as the number of the present, a rough estimate of up to thousands of them. Now, the campus can not only see magpies, but also see squirrels, hedgehogs and other small wild animals, unnamed lake also flew to the white swans. Between speeches, the reporter from time to time to see magpies fly past the window of his office.
"Now, the campus of Peking University has become a variety of birds and animals habitat paradise. The campus is covered with evergreen trees and spring and fall color trees such as dignified and thick green juniper, pale and ancient oil pine, gorgeous and elegant white pine, golden and rich ginkgo maple. According to the survey of the garden section of Beihang University, there are 416 ancient trees in the whole university***, including 30 trees over 300 years old and 386 trees over 100 years old.
"Zhang Liming said:" good ecological environment has become an important part of the campus culture of Peking University." Thousands of tourists from all over the world visit the Peking University campus to feel the cultural atmosphere during holidays. "
Yes, we do work very hard on ecological construction. As we were later at the West Campus Gate, we saw a magpie that had no fear of people. The heartfelt joy that rises ......
5, Lake Unknown's lake island and flip-tailed stonefish
The lake and the tower are unforgettable. Unnamed Lake has an outstanding view and has become the symbol of the landscape of Beida. The willows around the lake are graceful, with low-hanging branches, gently lapping at the water, and the reflection of the Boya Pagoda looms large in the water. Lying horizontally in the lake are the stone boats, and dotting the tower view are the small islands in the lake. The quiet island is a pearl on the unnamed lake. Flip-tailed stone fish, on the other hand, is a unique landscape in the lake.
It was only from my teacher that I learned the story behind it. The island was originally an excellent environment for reeds and other plants to grow vigorously, a small ecologically harmonious environment, and the rockfish formed a unique landscape together. However, during the centennial celebration, the school set up a signboard on the island to better introduce and explain the island, which attracted a large number of tourists to the island, and the influence of the people made the growth of the reeds greatly affected until the reeds completely disappeared from the island.
The good news is that the school has recognized this and the interpretive sign, seen today, has been moved from the island to the lake. Self-restoring ecosystems, when given the conditions for long-term development, should be able to return to their original state. In the near future, we can have a fine ecological island again. However, not all mistakes can be remedied, and sometimes, a not very wise decision can cause great regret. The long-term nature of planning is thus evident. Let's hope that the story of the island can bring us some inspiration.
6, Weixiuyuan and Changchunyuan
Yan Yuan, with its long history, is our pride.
"Peking University's Yanyuan Campus became a famous scenic spot on the outskirts of Beijing as early as the Jin Dynasty. To the Ming Dynasty, large-scale construction of gardens, to the Qing Dynasty became the feudal emperor's "garden". During the Republican period, it became the campus of Yanjing University. The campus site includes the ruins of eight ancient gardens, namely "Spoon Garden", "Shuchun Garden", "Minghe Garden", "Mirror Spring Garden ", "Langrunyuan", "Weixiuyuan", "Chengzeyuan", and "Zhibeiziyuan "The garden is adjacent to the Yuanmingyuan in terms of location. In the location and Yuanmingyuan neighboring, in the content, gardening style and Yuanmingyuan of Wanchunyuan in a number of gardens in the garden has similarities. Different from the magnificent royal gardens, but also different from the private gardens at hand in the mountains and forests and unique. After the vicissitudes of life, many of the ancient garden or with the Yuanmingyuan together with the fire of the imperialist powers, or by the warlords to encroach on the sale, many have been razed to the ground. ...... Shuchunyuan, Langrunyuan, Mingheyuan, Chengzeyuan for the survivors, of which the hills and water are still intact, which is a testimony to the long history of the campus, but also valuable cultural relics.
"1920 Beijing Tongzhou Concordia University, Beijing Concordia Women's University and Beijing Huiwen University merged to build Yanjing University, President Stuart Ryder from the hands of the warlord Chen Shufan with 60,000 silver dollars to buy the Shuchunyuan and the south of the former site of the Spoon Garden for the campus, by the United States architects H.Y. Mrphg is responsible for the planning and design of the campus, and in 1921 construction began, and in 1929 the basic completion of the campus. The construction of the campus started in 1921 and was basically completed in 1929. The campus initially had 40 hectares of land and 800 students, and from 1928 to 1931, it acquired Langrun Garden, Minghe Garden, Jingchun Garden, Weixiu Garden, Chengze Garden as the welfare area for the dormitories of the faculty and staff, and in the same period, it also acquired Jibeizi Garden as the internship site for the Department of Agriculture of Peking University. The architectural function of Peking University Weiming Lake Yan Garden is unified with the environment, and the architectural art is harmonized with the environment. Individual buildings in traditional ethnic style are harmonized with the ancient garden style, the vertical and horizontal axes of the buildings are arranged in such a way that they are mutually permeable with the garden environment, and the application of the mother theme of the architectural groups constitutes a harmonious rhythm. The spatial sequence in which the buildings are dissolved with the landscape, roads and trees gives rise to a variety of beautiful feelings."
(Source: Peking University Faculty of Education)
Reviewing gives us the desire to know more. What about the several gardens that serve as faculty housing areas today?
Walking into Weixiuyuan, the charm of the old garden is faintly recognizable. However, the feeling of "the spatial sequence of the building and the landscape, roads, trees, so that people produce a variety of beautiful feelings" has disappeared. Buildings and bungalows in the same plane to show their existence, asphalt roads and dirt roads in the same lake to show their function. Because of the construction of a few very poor conditions of the low-priced small hotels, the people who come and go is even more diverse, destroying the quiet and restful sense of the environment. Due to over-opening and mismanagement, Weixiuyuan is a disappointment today, with garbage everywhere, a rudimentary restaurant and equally rudimentary hotels that make it uninteresting to visit.......
So what is the reaction of the long-time residents here?
The reaction of residents near the lake is mostly "dirty" -- garbage is everywhere, and bungalows near the lake pollute the environment with their emissions. The lake is mainly from the Wanquan River, the water is not released in the winter, and in the summer due to pollution and the stench, mosquitoes swarm.
As for the residents whose homes are a little farther away from the lake, they think that, apart from poor management, life here is not nearly as good as it could be. And the location is more convenient, with the Summer Palace, Fragrant Hills and Peking University's main office close by, making it a better place to live. A scholarly-looking old man said, "There are very few universities that have the environment of Peking University." An old man who looks 80 or 90 years old and lives with his son said, "The environment is OK, getting better every day."
A common problem among residents is that there are no large supermarkets nearby, making shopping inconvenient.
In Changchunyuan, we encountered the same problem. I think the main reason for this is poor management. An old lady who used to work in the Peking University cafeteria gave us a detailed account of many of these problems only after repeatedly asking us to prove that we were Peking University students, and we were touched by her defense of Peking University's reputation. However, as a staff dormitory of Peking University, it is impossible to upgrade the level of management, so much so that it has become a place of residence for people who come to Beijing to work, and this cannot be ignored. In the long run, the maintenance of the residents is impossible to maintain the reputation of the residence garden and the reputation of Peking University.
7, Wanquan Cultural Park
Park is a public **** art and green ecological integration of a centralized space. In the mid-20th century, Europe and the United States, industrialization, urbanization has been the rapid development of urban space with the population and economic development and wanton expansion and spread, industrial and mining production and processing forms, especially in the post-industrial era of urban housing, energy, transportation, communications and the overall ecological environment of the heavy pressure of the malignant trend of development, so that the natural ecology, the diversity of flora and fauna and the human history of the ancient history of the richness and integrity of the heritage of the cultural types. The diversity of natural ecosystems, flora and fauna, and the richness and integrity of the heritage of the ancient history and culture of mankind have all been devastated. This is particularly the case in poor and developing countries. The parks established in the center and suburbs of many large cities are far from enough to play a significant role in improving and optimizing the effectiveness of the urban environment, but most of them only play a role in the pursuit of urban society, high concentration, high speed, high returns, high consumption brought about by the physical and mental depression and ecological environment to do some regulation, soothing, or as a temporary short-term dissolution and a place to escape.
Despite this, parks still more or less represent a symbolic return to the missing natural scenery or the idyllic farming era. In many urban streets, squares, community centers have gradually lost the original function of public **** exchange, leisure place, and lack of beautiful green ecological quality of the situation, good parks will be more apparent in its urban garden and the value of the "lungs of the city" significance.
Wanquan Cultural Park was established in this context. It used to be a morning market, but was later cleaned up and reorganized into a park, which has become a good place for neighborhood residents to work out and relax. It is a semi-open nature of the city street park, which has a rockery, lawn and other landscapes, as well as children's play areas, fitness areas for the elderly, dance floors, roller skating rinks, and other public **** recreational facilities. What is remarkable is that the ground here is always paved with soft materials, which is both aesthetically pleasing and protective. We arrived here around 10:00 a.m., a lot of children playing, many middle-aged and elderly people in fitness, and many people here kite flying, is a vibrant scene.
We randomly interviewed tourists. In the interview, most of the visitors said they live in the neighborhood and come here often, sometimes even just to take a break. Most of them said that "the environment is okay, the equipment is good, much better than before". Parents who brought their children here said they were assured of their children's safety. Most of the dissatisfaction centered on the hygiene of the public toilets. It is said that the public toilets here are unmanaged and often have sewage flowing all over the place, which makes the clean and beautiful environment a great sight to behold. In addition, there is a lack of trees, which leads to the lack of a place to cool off in the summer, people have to come to walk in the early morning or evening, and the daytime has lost its value, which can not be said to be a lack of.
Wanquan Cultural Park is a successful plan in general, if we can strengthen the management of the park, and put some more efforts in some subtle places, it should be a masterpiece of ecological construction in the western suburbs of Beijing.
8, Wanquan River
Walking to the Wanquan River, the stench is overwhelming. The surface of the river is flooded with white foam, while the river water has taken on a black color. The reason for this is the discharge of large amounts of sewage, which has exceeded its self-purification capacity. The artificialization of the river has cut it off from natural life processes, which in turn has greatly reduced its self-purification capacity.
With deep regret over the pollution of the Wanquan River, I looked up some relevant information on the Internet.
Beijing Morning Post on February 22, 2000 published a report titled "People reflect the stink of the lake on the campus of Peking University". The report pointed out that since the beginning of winter, the Peking University campus lake is slow to freeze, white foam floating on the surface of the lake, but also emits an unpleasant smell of rotten eggs. Reporters investigating found that the lake fish close to the ice, attracting crowds of people chiseling ice for fish. According to experienced people said, the fish only in the case of oxygen deficiency to float to the surface to absorb oxygen, indicating that the lake because of pollution and oxygen deficiency. At this time, Wanquan River is also not frozen. According to the Haidian District River Management Wanquan River management station staff said, Wanquan River is a river used for flooding in Haidian District, Peking University, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University Park lake are relying on this river cycle of lake water, in previous years the river is iced over, the year is not iced over because of the river water has an oily pollutant. Employees also specifically told reporters that fish caught from this water may be contaminated, residents must not eat.
Beijing Morning Post on February 25, 2000 published a report entitled "Beijing Wanquan River pollution solution difficult. Haidian District River Director Wang pointed out in an interview, now has suffered serious pollution of the Wanquan River, can not find out where the source of sewage, the only solution to the stench of the residents of the North University of the stopgap measure is to introduce clean water from the Beijing Mizuquan canal, the river big flush, "but the good times don't last long, two or three days, the water is still the same." Why the source of sewage can not be found out? Originally, Wanquan River from 1982 to transform, after the transformation of the river from the "Jingmi" diversion of water, the last two years, Haidian District, municipal construction to speed up, some units and individuals to save money and save time, do not connect the municipal sewage pipeline, sewage discharged directly into the past in the rainy days used to drain rainwater storm drains, resulting in sewage flowed directly into the Wanquan River. And these private pipelines, because the Bureau by the financial and manpower constraints can not be found, so the source of pollution can not be present.
What's even more surprising is another report, titled "Skin white and tender, 'strange frogs' swim in Beijing's Wanquan River. A Mr. Chen found a "strange frog" in October 2001 in the Wanquan River near the west gate of Tsinghua University. Its body was flesh-colored, without any pattern, and its skin surface was very smooth. The frog's hind limbs were particularly thick, with red muscles clearly visible on its legs, while its front limbs were particularly small and could not support its body when squatting. Staff from the Beijing Wildlife Protection Station said it could be an albino frog. Albinism is a mutation caused by genetic mutations that can occur in mammals, birds, amphibians and many other types of wildlife. There are many factors that can cause albinism, and river pollution is one of them. This fully explains the seriousness of water pollution in Wanquan River.
(Source: www.sina.com.cn )
Nothing more needs to be said about the water pollution of Wanquan River, which has reached an extremely serious level, and its pollution in turn has a bad impact on the surrounding water environment. Controlling the source of pollution should be the most fundamental way to solve the problem, and the Environmental Protection Bureau claimed that the source of pollution can not be identified, then a thorough and firm environmental protection action is just as important. If it is done firmly, it is impossible for the source of pollution not to show up. Administration and measures need to be further strengthened.
9, green isolation belt
In the road toward Liulangzhuang can see a line of very large banners - "protect forests and green areas, consolidate the greening achievements". It was erected by Haidian District Municipal Management Committee. You can also see a group of soldiers with tools to plant trees. This hints at our ongoing greening barrier construction activities in Beijing. This kind of construction again made me interested in the historical changes of Beijing's western suburbs. I found some information.
About the change of "Haidian"
Mr. Tao Shilong wrote before the article "The Jiangnan Water Town Scenery of Historical Haidian--According to Hou Renzhi: <Evening Clearance Collection> Excerpts":" Haidian this precipitation, 1948 came to Beijing, by Yanjing University that is now the campus of Peking University, to the Summer Palace, in the north turn west, see the area of reed ponds; early 50's is still there. Road side of more farmland, soil and water, Beijing West rice out, more lotus root, and then I do not know when to die out."
Mr. Hou Renzhi "evening collection" is mentioned:
"In the Qing Dynasty, Haidian area gardens are densely packed, the garden has a lake, the garden outside of the compound water slopes very much, the fields planted in the wind lotus fragrant rice, just like the Jiangnan water town, there is a poem as evidence.
Suddenly pull the wild to the rivers and lakes, along the moon boat into the picture.
Several curves of waves are connected to the Taiyi Liquid, and a thousand lampshades are scattered with lotus flowers.
Wanquan ten miles of water and clouds country, Lanruo idle search while the dawn cool.
Cicadas whinny on both sides of the green poplar, light boat full of rice wind fragrance. --Qianlong chants from the Changchunyuan West Garden boat trip to the Shenghua Temple, describing the water countryside scenery near Bagou at that time."
Is this change a step forward, or a blunder and a step backward?
Disappearing landscape: Beijing West Liulangzhuang
Haidian Liulangzhuang, east of the Yangtze River, west of the Summer Palace, after five hundred years of life, there are now a thousand families, known as the first village in western Beijing.
Liu Langzhuang is the hometown of rice in western Beijing. In the Qing Dynasty, there were 360 hectares of imperial rice paddies here, and the royal family ate one hectare a day. This place is also "South seven North six thirteen circles" that: when the reclamation of this rice paddy, the Qing court will be the project contracted to the South seven, North six, thirteen provinces, and so far there is still the village south of the "Xing site" of the name of the place. Emperor Qianlong in the "Wanquan embankment on the Shenghua Temple that is the scene of miscellaneous poems", there are also "Wanquan long obliterated, Jiashen year was ordered to dredge, that is, the land to open up paddy fields, this spring, plus the reclamation of the "note. He also describes the scenery of Liulangzhuang in the lines of "the village house is hidden by the willow, and the paddy field is thick with new seedlings".
Jingxi rice is full of seeds and steams with a fresh fragrance. It is said that when Chairman Mao tasted rice made with Jingxi rice in the Summer Palace during the early years of liberation, he said it was "delicious" and suggested that it should be popularized.
However, Liulangzhuang, which has a history of 500 years, is about to disappear because it is on a green belt. According to the Beijing Municipal Master Plan, the pattern of the Beijing Municipal District is "decentralized group system", that is, the city consists of the central district and surrounded by ten fringe groups; in the central district and the fringe groups and between the fringe groups, separated by patches of green areas. The Wanliu area, where Yanulangzhuang is located, is on a 100-meter green zone next to the Summer Palace. After the implementation of the Wanliu project, the farmers in the area will go up to the buildings and return the farmland to the forest, and Yanulangzhuang will be transformed into a green landscape area.
(Source: Huaxia Tourism Network)
See this disappeared Jingxi rice, is in the state of construction of Liu Langzhuang, the mood is really very complex.
The establishment of the green isolation zone
In order to build a green ecological framework for the capital region, Beijing has made the decision to build three major green barriers, namely, the first green barrier based on the Yanshan Mountain and Taihang Mountain greening project, the second barrier focusing on the greening of 5 rivers and 10 roads and the farmland forest network, and the third green barrier formed by greening the isolation zone.
The greening isolation area is the nearest green barrier to the urban area of Beijing, in accordance with the "Beijing Urban Master Plan", between the central area of the city and the 10 fringe groups and the construction of the fringe groups, the greening area of 125 square kilometers of urban forest. The project has been implemented since 1986, and this year the construction of the barrier has completed a greening area of 35,000 acres, which is the total greening area of the past 6 years, forming 10 green panels with an area of about 5,000 acres. These 10 green panels, when connected to each other, will form an ecological barrier around the city of Beijing and will play an important role in improving the capital's ecological environment.
(Source: www.o2000.com.cn)
It is true that the construction of the green barrier is a major initiative to build up Beijing's ecological environment and a good thing for the country and the people, however, what the Jingxi rice represents is a culture, a resource and a tradition of Beijing. Jingxi rice has been gradually disappearing with the construction of Beijing, and now even its native land will no longer exist, when it completely disappeared from our field of vision, we lost, and what is it?
Why can't there be a program that examines and carefully treats cultural resources and traditions while looking for the best ecological entry point? Perhaps the Jingxi rice, which should never have disappeared from Beijing; perhaps the Liulangzhuang, which should never have disappeared from the map.
10, Jingmi Diversion Canal and Beijing Water Governance
On the governance of Beijing's water environment
The governance of Beijing's water environment is a major project, and it is a project that has been carried out continuously throughout history. The center of Beijing in ancient times was a group of lakes, from the Kunming Lake can be navigated to the Forbidden City, and there are tubular rivers, moats around the Imperial City, the capital, the lake is connected, so that Beijing, the capital of the ages in the majesty of the atmosphere in addition to the increase of a few points of beautiful and ethereal. However, since the end of the Qing Dynasty, due to the negligence of the management of Beijing's water system, the river silted up and polluted, and the abolition of shipping. After the founding of new China Beijing city water system for three times a larger rectification, the construction of the official hall and Miyun two large reservoirs, excavation of the Yongding River Aqueduct, Jingmi Aqueduct, the two large reservoirs of water into Beijing, increasing the environmental water consumption in Beijing, the water environment has greatly improved. But after all, more than 40 years has not been a thorough treatment of the water system, the rapid economic development after the 1980s, a sharp increase in the foreign population, rivers and lakes were newly polluted, and some of the rivers have become stinking ditches. The lakes are y silted, and according to the monitoring of Beijing's water conservancy department, the silt has accumulated to 2.3 million cubic meters.
The deterioration of Beijing's water environment has attracted widespread attention from the central and municipal governments and the public. 225 deputies to the Beijing Municipal People's Congress (NPC) put forward a joint motion in early 1998, calling for the treatment of pollution in urban rivers and lakes. On Sept. 26, 1998, the city's water treatment began with the treatment of the six jewels in the heart of Beijing - the "Six Seas". The goal of the capital's water system management is "clear water, shore green, smooth, navigable", the water system management for the first time in the history of Beijing, the scale of the large-scale, investment are no precedent.
Jingmi Aqueduct --- after the Kunyu River and a landscape river
Jingmi Aqueduct technical renovation project is the solution to the urban water supply of Beijing's capital projects, 112.7 kilometers in total length, become the most important water supply in the capital "artery! "
The project is a capital construction project to solve the problem of urban water supply in Beijing.
According to official reports, in 1989, the Jingmi Diversion Canal began to send water in winter, and from then on, the task of the diversion canal was changed from seasonal water transmission to uninterrupted year-round water transmission. But after more than 30 years of overloaded operation, the Jingmi Diversion Canal has been aged, and most of the earth canal scouring serious, a large amount of soil silt, affecting the ability to transmit water. Damage to the channel caused by the great waste of water resources. According to the 1990-1999 statistical analysis, the leakage and evaporation loss rate of the Jingmi Diversion Canal is 23% on average, the highest in 1999 reached 32.7%, technical renovation has been very urgent. After the completion of the technical renovation project, the channel's water transfer capacity to enhance the very valuable surface water resources can be fully utilized to save 100 million cubic meters of water per year. This spring began the greening of the banks of the Jingmi Diversion Canal, the design program is grass and tree levels, the Jingmi Diversion Canal has become the Kunyu River, the South Moat after another landscape of the river.
(Source:Beijing Evening News, October 29, 2002)
However, according to our understanding, the Jingmi Diversion Canal was still basically naturalized before 1998, but now it has been completely artificial. Whereas in the past the aqueduct was bordered by tall, shady trees, today the straight riverbanks are bordered