1. Mongolians. Men, women and children all wear Mongolian robes in red, yellow, purple, dark blue and other colors, the traditional style is wide and long sleeves, the hem without slits, lapel and pendulum decorated with cord, tied with a colorful belt. In addition, the women wrapped red and blue headscarf, wearing leather boots, dress wear crowns, adorned with silver jewelry; men wrapped red and yellow headscarf or wear blue, black, brown hat, wearing high leg leather boots.
2, Miao. Women wear large collar lapel short clothes, pleated skirts of different lengths, playing wrapped legs, or large lapel short clothes, wide-legged pants, bibs, the use of colorful headdresses; festival dress, often using embroidery, batik and other crafts to decorate the clothing, as well as a variety of traditional silver ornaments, such as necklaces, bracelets, silver (silver nailed to the clothes). Men wear short shirts and long pants, or long linen shirts with lapels and woolen felts (with geometric designs).
3, Jinuo. Women wear collarless short coat without buttons, inlaid with seven-color pattern, wear embroidered bibs, wearing black and white skirt, wearing white color striped peaked hood. Men wear cotton blouses (collarless, lapel, unbuttoned, with sunflowers embroidered on the back), white cotton pants, leg wraps, and blue cloth head wraps. Both men and women wear earrings.
4. Alpine tribe. Women usually wear long-sleeved blouse with lapel or narrow-sleeved blouse with large lapel, various skirts, and black or red cloth head wraps. Men usually wear long-sleeved shirts with lapels and undershirts of varying lengths, and waist-wrapping skirts or front skirts. The Takayama pay attention to decorations during festivals and wear bejeweled clothes (bejeweled clothes and bejeweled skirts woven with shells and pearls).
5, Dai. Xishuangbanna area women for narrow-sleeved lapel short jacket, skirt, silver belt; Dehong area women before marriage to wear a large lapel short shirt, pants, small waist, after marriage is a lapel short shirt, black skirt; Xinping, Yuanjiang area, the waist of the female blouse and skirt waist is often embroidered, decorated with silver bubbles and silver spangles, so it has "flower waist Dai," the name. Men are generally small-sleeved short shirts, long pants, white or green cloth head, cold days used to wear blankets.
Extended information:
Why are the costumes of China's ethnic minorities so colorful and gorgeous.
Brightly colored and gorgeous ethnic minority costumes are often seen on stage at parties, tourist attractions and news broadcasts. Why do these ethnic minorities dress so colorfully? In fact, today's ethnic minorities do not wear gorgeous ethnic costumes in their daily lives.
Like the Han Chinese, they favor modern fashions that suit the pace of contemporary life, especially in some big cities. For example, the streets of Nanning, the capital of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, where the Zhuang make up half of the resident population, are not significantly different from those of Han Chinese neighborhoods.
Even in the rare areas where traditional ethnic costumes remain relatively intact, the ethnic costumes worn by local residents are not colorful at all. If you see flamboyant ethnic costumes in your daily life, it's most likely to be tourism workers wearing their work clothes, or, of course, Han Chinese tourists taking photos.
Is it the onslaught of modernization that has caused ethnic minorities to abandon their flamboyant traditional dress? On the contrary, just a few decades ago, the everyday clothing of most ethnic minorities was much plainer than today.
Plain cotton, linen and fur were often the main raw materials for ethnic clothing, and even tree bark and grass ropes were utilized, while reflective head-to-toe fabrics filled with high-contrast color palettes were rare today. If you live in the tropical south, it's hard to say whether the male wear of some communities can even be called 'clothing'.
In the 1950s, we can see some of these records in the social surveys of some southern ethnic areas: ...... Both men and women go barefoot all day long, never wearing shoes or socks. ...... Usually, the upper body is naked, and the lower body is covered only with a covering cloth. ...... body clad in blankets, the lower body does not wear pants, only a spoon shaped piece of wood or copper to cover the genitals ...... ethnic groups generally wear clothes is still a thing of recent decades ......?
So how did these plain, rugged ethnic minority costumes become the gorgeous, colorful look we see today?
1. Adding elements for easy identification.
In fact, many of the ethnic costumes we see today were conceptualized in the mid-1950s after **** began to systematically investigate and identify ethnic groups.
In the early years, the public's perception of the specific images of the different ethnic groups in China mostly remained in the structure of "five ethnic groups*** and". Except for the images and costumes of the Tibetans, Mongols, Manchus and other major ethnic groups, the public's perception of the southern ethnic groups was basically a generalized image of the "Hundred Miao".
In the 1950s, after the survey of the social and living conditions in ethnic areas was launched, the daily attire of many aborigines in remote areas was systematically recorded by scholars for the first time. The national costumes recorded in these materials were still mostly characterized by simplicity and ruggedness, and ethnic differences were not so prominent.
But along with the continuous advancement of ethnic identification, defining the unique cultural characteristics of different ethnic groups has become an important need; if you belong to an ethnic group, you should have its cultural characteristics, and preferably wear it directly on your body. As a result, ethnic groups, either spontaneously or passively, have taken specific ethnic visual symbols and embodied them in their traditional clothing.
After the Baima people living in the Gan-Chuan border area were recognized as Tibetans, more and more elements of typical Tibetan clothing began to appear on their traditional garments.
The Hui in Beijing, who did not dress differently from the Han Chinese during the Republican period, began to wear ethnic costumes after the 1980s and 1990s out of a sense of national identity. However, some innovations were made in the way they were worn, and some Hui women who found it too troublesome to wear headscarves flexibly chose to wear small white hats that originally belonged to men.
2. There are also some ethnic dresses that have been artistically designed to add color to the original traditional styles, taking into account the fact that they lead a happy socialist life.
Each identified a minority group, the image of them dressed in national costumes, was involved in the research of ethnic areas of the art workers carefully depicted, jumped off the paper, into the field of vision of mass communication.
Especially after 1979, when the last of the 55 ethnic minorities, the Kino, was recognized, the work of ethnic identification was basically completed, and a complete set of standardized images of ethnic minority clothing was gradually introduced to the public through the media of newspapers, posters, textbooks, and stamps, etc.
The Kino ethnic group has been recognized as one of the most important ethnic minorities in the world, and it is now the most important ethnic minority in the world.
However, the national costumes established at that time, although they had already 'added color' to the daily attire of the ethnic minorities in their early years, were still far from the splendor of today's national costumes.
3. On the stage, colorful.
The final splendor of ethnic minority clothing will have to wait until the reform and opening up, after the Chinese people get rich. Compared with today, 40 years ago after the completion of the national identification of ethnic clothing, the biggest difference is that they are still the usual life and work need to put on.
The situation only began to change from the late 1980s to the 1990s, when, with increasing exchanges between ethnic areas and the outside world, most ethnic minorities no longer spent a lot of energy on handmade traditional ethnic clothing for daily wear, choosing instead to buy modern clothing that was convenient, simple and practical, and wearing much of the clothing they bought in their daily lives and production work.
Today, with the exception of some ethnic areas with extremely special ecological environments and strong cultural continuity, most ethnic minorities have completely switched to modern clothing in their daily lives, and traditional ethnic clothing has completely lost its most basic practical function.
The significance of national costumes shrinks to occasions such as cultural performances and other external displays, and such a positioning puts a higher demand on the national recognition of costumes. For actors on stage, few people like too rustic dress, for the performance effect, the new era of national costume more and more colorful.
4, due to the mechanized mass production of universal national costume decorative materials, gorgeous national costumes rather than the old plain national costumes easier to make, get.
So, under the dual role of functional needs and production convenience, national costumes eventually became the colorful pattern we see today. However, in most cases, these colorful national costumes only appear in various TV programs.
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