Tag: Daoxiang Category: Charming Henan
Henan Intangible Cultural Heritage--Daoxiang (Taikang County)
Taikang Daoxiang has a long history. Taikang County)
Taikang Daoxiang has a long history and is a folk opera art originated from the ancient times of Spring and Autumn, distributed in Taikang and its surrounding areas. The repertoire is rich, and according to the census, there are more than 30 songs and tunes, including three categories and five varieties. The three categories are: singing, performance and music, and the five varieties are: vocal faction, performance program, music system, song plate tune and percussion. The formation of these categories of Taikang Daoxiang is a result of both inherited folk art and the interweaving of sister arts, which finally formed the unique characteristics of Taikang Daoxiang. There are more than 160 ancient traditional plays and more than 60 modern plays, many of which have been lost during the long period of circulation. Since the formation of Taikang Daoxiang theater, after several times of ups and downs in 1957 to the right name.
"Less hoeing two mu of land, but also can not delay to see Taikang Taoist opera." In the east of Henan and northern Anhui and other regions, Taikang Taoist love once conquered millions of viewers with unique charm, Taikang County set up a new China's first, and so far the country's only one Taoist love professional troupe --- Taikang County Taoist love troupe, won the "world's first! Troupe" reputation. However, under the impact of the tide of the market economy, this small local theater with a thousand years of history has encountered unprecedented difficulties.
The "Road" of the past
In March, I came to the hometown of Taoist sentiment - Taikang County. Under the guidance of the locals, into the honk (hong) school street north of an unnamed small alley, forward more than ten meters after stopping. The locals pointed to a three-story building listed as Taikang County honky-tonk Institute yard, said: "Here is the Taoist theater group."
The wooden signboard font mottled, the paint on the wooden sign has peeled off. In the three-story building, the first floor is a warehouse, which is full of props and musical instruments; the second floor is the rehearsal hall, there is only a table and ten wooden chairs; the third floor is the actor's living room, the scene has illustrated the survival of the troupe nowadays.
Spring is the peak season, the troupe went to Luohe performance, the home closed and locked, I heard that the visit to the Taoist opera, the local people or enthusiastic to the once famous Taoist opera actor Zhu Ximei invited to the 14-year-old into the county theater training courses and singing on stage, she sings a small student, because of the voice is full of pure, spit words clear and smooth, the performance of the temperament of the audience by the province and beyond the unanimous appreciation, she starred in the "Wang Jindou borrowed grain," "the", "the", "the", "the" and "the". Wang Jindou Borrowing Grain", "Zhang Tingxiu's Private Visit", "Li Tianbao Hanging Piety", "Kneeling in the Cave" and "On the Way Forward" and other representative plays of Taoist opera, which have been performed many times in Zhengzhou, East Henan, Anhui and other places, and records have been produced.
Theatrical photo of "Wang Jindou Borrows Grain"
Zhu Ximei took out her make-up photo and recalled the grand scene of that year's performance, with a different kind of look on her face: "When we performed in Jieshou, Anhui Province, we had a dozen shows in a row with a full house, and those who couldn't buy the tickets demanded that the performance be spread by loudspeaker, and there were still hundreds of people sitting around on the street at midnight. Hundreds of people were still sitting around in the middle of the night listening to the radio, and when the actors walked on the street, the pedestrians pointed out to them. When we ate, took pictures, bathed, and got haircuts, the people were so respectful that they refused to accept any money. When the troupe left Jieshou, the baozi vendor, carrying a baozi, whisked up to the car in front of the actors and pushed the baozi into the actors' hands."
"When I performed in Zhengzhou Dashiqiao open-air stage, and Chang Xiangyu, Shen Fengmei, these masters sing 'opposite', these different types of theater star who do not dare to take a break, ten games and eight games do not change, or the audience did not agree to ah, at that time, we all praised the Taoist sentiment is good to listen to, famous! Modern Yu opera "Chaoyang Gully" Shuanbao sang 'that front leg bow, that back leg stirrups, feet don't panic to hand don't fierce ...... ' is actually transplanted to our Daoxiang singing."
Taikang Daoxiang class in its heyday there are more than 60 large and small. In the villages of eastern Henan and northern Anhui, randomly pull a person over the age of 30, he may be able to boldly hum a section of the Daoxiang opera. As early as in the 1970s, a Taoist opera "On the Road", has been sung all over the river, hundreds of millions of domestic audience thus know "Taikang and so good Taoist opera". After the 1980s, famous plays such as "Wang Jindou Borrowing Food" and "After Getting Rich" were even more enjoyable for countless people. Participating in national, provincial and municipal competitions has always brought honor. Nowadays, the Taoist troupe travels to the north and south every year before the wheat harvest, and performs more than 400 shows, and the vast majority of performances are in the countryside, most of the performance repertoire is their self-written and self-performed themes, the masses of Yu, Anhui and Lu rural areas and sent a name to the Taoist troupe: "crop farmers' troupe".
The "love"
Returning from Taikang to Zhengzhou on the way to the Luohe Road, where the Taoist troupe is performing. The director of Taikang County Taoism Troupe, Zhang Tianyin, said the Taoism play opened the box: "Spring is the entire performance of the peak season, after the fall harvest and winter will also be performed around the world, this year, the twenty-eighth of Lunar New Year began to perform around the world, the contract has been signed to the 15th of the fourth month of the lunar calendar. We have performed in many places, including Linquan in Anhui Province, Xiangcheng, Luohe, Maoyang, Yuzhou, Xuchang, Kaifeng, Zhengzhou in Henan Province, and several places north of the Yellow River. We rehearse new plays every year, and this year we have rehearsed "Hate in the Palace" and "The Five Families". The whole troupe comes out to perform *** there are 60 people, the oldest is 54 years old, the youngest is 14 years old. The year can perform more than 400 performances, in the Henan Province, among the leading troupes, the total income between 300,000 to 400,000 yuan."
However, as with other rare theater genres, the development of Daoxiang is not in the doldrums. The troupe is facing a shrinking performance market, economic difficulties, and a constant threat to its survival.
"Actors go out every year to perform the time, more concentrated in the New Year's three or four months, and thereafter the summer harvest and fall planting, many farmers from the actors must return home to planting, the two hung up, during which there is no salary, this dilemma forced many artists to leave the opera stage, the sea business." Upon understanding, a number of Taoist new talent such as Lu Qingli, Li Yanling, Liu Fanxia, Zhang Xiaohua, Ding Caiyan look to thrive, but by the market economy, some go to Zhengzhou to sing theater teahouse, and some go out to work.
"The audience listening to the play is to see the 'corner', now the actor is too casual, what play are singing, how do you want to sing how to sing, if you let the old actors play the role of transmission, help, take the role of cultivating the new force, coupled with the government of a few types of theater to give relevant support, Taikang Daoxiang certainly have an audience. " Zhu Ximei, who is 66 years old, still hasn't given up her love affair with Taoism.
A glorious family history
Sitting in a humble room, Zhang Tianyin, head of the Taikang Daoxiang troupe, was still interested, and then he slowly recounted the historical origins and stories of Daoxiang, as if he were telling his own family story.
The Taoist sentiment has a long history, originating from China's Taoism, when Laozi as the teaching ancestor, to the "Five Thousand Writings", "Tao Te Ching" and "Taiping Tiaoji Theory" as the main Taoist canon, to the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to develop music (Taoist music) reciting the commandments of the new law, with poetry, lyrics, songs, songs and other forms of literature to prepare Taoist themes, reciting and singing the Taoist righteousness, feelings, and as one, said "Taoist sentiment", and "Taoism". "
The new method of reciting commandments is to use poetry, lyrics, songs and other literary forms to write and sing Taoist themes.
Taoist sentiment was originally a poem of praise, after the Song Dynasty, absorbing words, songs, and derivatives for the folk sermon sung in the new scripture rhyme, also known as Taoist songs. It was accompanied by fishing drums and simple boards, similar to the drum lyrics. After that, one of the poems and hymns in Taoism was mainly popular in the south, which was a rap Taoism in the form of song and white; one of the songs was popular in the north, and was developed into opera Taoism in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, etc., with "Juggling Children", "Soap Robe", and "Qingjiang Leader", "Qingjiang lure" as the main singing voice, adopted the Qinqiang and clappers of the gongs and drums, singing, and gradually formed a local Taoist opera. The content of the immortal Taoist drama, Xiuxian persuade good play, folk life drama, historical stories and legends of the public drama 4 categories.
Since the early years of the Republic of China, Taoist sentiment from the form of singing on stage, people called "Taoist sentiment class". On the eve of liberation, the troupe scattered, disappeared, after the founding of the country to dig and revitalize. Daoxiang is good at singing children's family stories, plot twists and turns, to sing to win, with a strong local accent folk color.
The performance of its stunts is a masterpiece, the early Taoist singing, interspersed with the addition of some of the "tongue-twisting", such as "the hundred surnames and the Three Character Classic mixed singing" and so on. Actors in the role of ghosts and monsters, to wear the shape of an egg like copper bell fake eyes, eyeballs will roll, amazing and scary, which is also rare in other kinds of theater stunts.
Taikang Daoxiang class in the heyday of more than 60 large and small. At that time, the Taoist opera enjoyed a high reputation among the masses, and many proverbs were circulated, such as "I would rather call my face sour, but I can't delay watching Taikang's Taoist opera class", and "I can't delay watching Taikang's Taoist opera even if I have to hoe less than two acres of land", and Taikang was also known as the "hometown of Taoist opera".
The "Township of Taoist Love".
A proud experience
In the villages of eastern Henan and northern Anhui, pull a random person over 30 years old, he may be able to boldly hum a section of the Taoist opera, the popularity of the Taoist opera is admirable. In fact, as early as the 1970s, a Taoist opera "On the Road", has been sung up and down the river, hundreds of millions of domestic viewers therefore know "Taikang there is such a good Taoist opera. After the 1980s, "Wang Jindou borrowed grain", "after the rich" and other famous plays are let countless people enjoy.
Before that, I had heard people say, Taikang Daoxiang troupe in the local "gold medal professional" reputation. Zhang Tianyin held a stack of honorary certificates and trophies to confirm that this statement is not false, the original Taikang Daoxiang repeatedly participated in national, provincial and municipal competitions, always returned with honors.
In 1992, "Wang Jindou Borrowing Food" to participate in the national "world's first group" excellent repertoire exhibition, won eight awards, the troupe was formally named by the Ministry of Culture of the "world's first group"; in 2000, the Taoist troupe was named Henan Provincial Cultural Advanced Collective; in 2001, the Taoist troupe was named Henan Provincial Cultural Advanced Collective; in 2001, the Taoist troupe was named Henan Provincial Cultural Advanced Collective. In 2000, the troupe was honored as a cultural advanced group in Henan Province; in 2001, "After Affluence" won the Gold Prize in the 11th National "Group Star Award" Competition, and then won the National Population and Culture Prize; in 2003, in the Eighth Henan Provincial Small Opera and Sketch Competition, Taikang Daoxiang Theatre Troupe won the laurel with the song "Love Song". ...... At the same time, the troupe has also been invited to Beijing many times to perform, by the party and state leaders of the cordial reception and high praise, by the capital of the people's favor.
Known as the "world's first group" title of Taikang Taoist sentiment is a rare national theater. Taikang Daoxiang was designated by the State Council as one of the first batch of intangible cultural heritage. The newspaper started in early March to send its main correspondent to go into all parts of the province to conduct on-site interviews. Starting today, this group of reporters full of enthusiasm and hard work of the report, will be "intangible cultural heritage in the Central Plains line" in the form of a series of reports in this edition of the successive launch.
Intangible cultural
Heritage is a collective term for culture that has been handed down by the Chinese nation for thousands of years
and is closely related to the people, and does not take on a material form, including traditional theater, music, dance and other performing arts, as well as handicrafts and handmade technology, in addition to traditional festivals, folklore and other important spiritual cultural heritage.
The province has a rich intangible cultural heritage, and its rescue and protection work is also the leading level in the country. 2003, the province set up a leading group of folk cultural heritage rescue project in Henan Province; the following year, the province's national folk culture protection project was officially launched in the province. In mid-January this year, the Ministry of Culture announced the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list of recommended projects 501, the province reported 57, 20 honor listed in the recommended list.
The reporter learned that, according to the "Henan Province, national folk culture protection project implementation program", the province has identified the first batch of 46 Henan Province, national folk culture protection project to protect the directory and the first batch of 24 Henan Province, national folk culture protection project pilot project, and selected 57 projects to declare the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage masterpieces. At the same time to increase the national culture and folk culture protection publicity efforts, the first in the country organized the "Henan Cultural Heritage Day".
It is understood that the province's ethnic and folk culture protection project is divided into three stages: the first stage from 2004 to 2008, for the first pilot and rescue endangered stage; the second stage from 2009 to 2013, for the comprehensive development and key protection stage; the third stage from 2014 to 2020, for the complementary perfect and sound mechanism stage.
According to the person in charge of the Henan Provincial Folk Cultural Heritage Rescue Project Committee, they are currently working on five aspects: investigating and discovering excellent representatives of folk literature, fine arts and performing arts throughout the province, 100 selected persons will be awarded the title of "Henan Provincial Folk Culture Outstanding Inheritors" and 10 important inheritors will be selected from among them. From these, 10 important inheritors will be selected for necessary support and protection by the state; start the editing work of "The Complete Book of Chinese Folk Tales" to rescue and protect folk oral literature; carry out the selection and naming of Henan's Top Ten Folklore Classics as well as their compilation and publication; carry out a comprehensive census of "old shops" founded before 1949 in the province and record them; conduct a comprehensive survey of folklore in the province and record them; and conduct a comprehensive survey of folklore in the province and record them as well. The province will conduct a comprehensive census of the "old shops" founded before 1949 and record them; conduct a census of the province's residential and folk buildings, and rationally develop and utilize the classics.
Henan province declared the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage masterpieces list
(with "▲" for entering the national intangible cultural heritage list of recommended projects) Folklore/Oral Literature: 5
1. The Legend of Hua Mulan (Yucheng County, Shangqiu) ▲2. Legend of Hua Mulan (Yucheng County, Shangqiu)▲2. Legend of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai (Runan County, Zhumadian)▲3. Legend of Emperor Shun and Cultural Space (Puyang County)▲4. Legend of "The White Snake Haunts Xu Xian" (Qibin District, Hebi)
5. Legend of Dong Yong and the Seven Immortals (Wuzhi County, Jiaozuo)▲Folk Art: 2 ?33? folkart ?35? folk art ?34? > 2. Wangqiao Peasant Painting (Runan County, Zhumadian City)Folk Music: 9
1. Ban Tou Qu (Nanyang)▲ 2. Zhongzhou Zheng School (Provincial Art Research Institute) 3. Chip (Xuchang) 4. Sima Yi's Victory Drums (Wen County, Jiaozuo)▲ 5. Chaohua Blowing Songs (Xinmu City, Zhengzhou)▲ 6. Suona (Qinyang City, Jiaozuo)▲ 7. Copper Dance (郏县, Pingdingshan City)).8. Big Copper Ware (Xiping County, Suiping County, Zhumadian City) Folk Dance: 1
1. Official Meeting Ringing Gong (Xiangcheng City, Zhoukou) Opera: 14
1. Yu Opera (Provincial Academy of Fine Arts)▲ 2. Qu Opera (Provincial Academy of Fine Arts)▲ 3. Yueju Opera (Zhoukou)▲
4. Daqin Opera (Provincial Academy of Fine Arts, Anyang Shixian County, Puyang County)▲
5. Luo Roll Opera (Provincial Art Research Institute, Zhumadian Runan County, Kaifeng Tongxu County)
6. Meilian Opera (Nanle County, Puyang)▲7. Daoxiang (Taikang County, Zhoukou)▲8. Wan Bang (Neixiang County, Nanyang)▲
9. Sipingtong (Provincial Art Research Institute, Shangqiu City, Puyang County)
10. The Dawei Shadows (Sanmenxia Lingbao City) 12.Luoshan Shadows (Xinyang Luoshan County) 13.Kungtian Shen (Zhumadian Xincai County)
14.Huai Bang (Jiaozuo Qinyang City)
14.Qu Opera: 5
1.Heluo Drums (Luoyang City)
2.Henan Lumps (Henan Provincial Academy of Fine Arts)
3.Wangwuqinshu (Jiyuan County)
4.Zaoshu (Xinyang Gu Shi County)
5.Wangwu Qinshu (Jiyuan County)
5.Zaoshu (Xinyang Gu Shi County)
5. Silk String Dao (Pingbi County, Zhumadian) Folk Handicrafts: 5
1. Dukang Wine Brewing Craft (Luoyang) 2. Jun Porcelain (Yuzhou City, Xuchang) 3. Jade Sculpting Craft (Zhenping County, Nanyang) 4. Mud Goo Goo (Hebi) ▲
5. Tongxi Baojiao Sword Making Craft (Xiping County, Zhumadian) Customs of Production Trade and Commerce: 1
1. Cheshan Tiezhi Flowers (Zhumadian) Yearly Seasons and Festivals: 1
1. Jiu Jiu Chong Yang Festival (Shang Cai County, Zhumadian) Folk Knowledge: 5
1. Shaolin Kung Fu (Shaolin Temple, Zhengzhou)▲ 2. Taijiquan (Wen County, Jiaozuo)▲ 3. Baguazhang Culture (Provincial Academy of Social Sciences)
4. Luoyang Bone Setting (Luoyang)
5. Bronze Man of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaifeng) Cultural Spaces Related to the Above Cultural Cultural Spaces Related to the Above Expressions: 9
1. Horse Street Book Fair (Pingdingshan)▲ 2. Taihao Mausoleum Human Ancestors' Temple Fair (Huaiyang County, Zhoukou)▲ 3. Laozi's Birthday Temple Fair (Luyi County, Zhoukou)
4. Junxian First Month Ancient Temple Fair (Junxian County, Hebi)
5. Pangu Temple Fair (Provincial Ethnic Folk Culture Preservation Center, Tongbai County, Nanyang, and Qiyang County, Zhumadian)
6. Baiquan Temple Fair (Huixian City)
7.Daying Social Fire (Sanmenxia Shanxian County) 8.Folk Social Fire (Hebi Junxian County) 9.Dikeng Temple (Sanmenxia)