Xiangyang government news May 18 every year is the "International Museum Day". On the occasion of this year's International Museum Day, Xiangyang City Museum will hold a series of thematic publicity activities. As a landmark venue of Xiangyang's history and culture, most Xiangyang people have been to the Xiangyang City Museum, but many people still lack a comprehensive understanding of the definition and social functions of museums, lack of understanding of the origins of the International Museum Day, and little knowledge of the background and content of the Museum Regulations, which have been in force for two years. ...... With these questions, the reporter interviewed the person in charge of Xiangyang City Museum.
The origin of the International Museum Day
Before we talk about the origin of the International Museum Day, we need to know something about the origin of the word "museum".
According to the person in charge of the Xiangyang Museum, the word "museum" originates from the Greek word "museion" (museion), which originally means "a place for sacrificing to the muses. ". Muse is the Greek mythology in charge of science and art of the nine goddesses of the common name, they were in charge of history, astronomy, epic, love poetry, lyric poetry, tragedy, comedy, hymns and dance. In the 5th century B.C., the Greek temple of Telfer Olympus contained a treasure trove of sculptures and trophies, which is regarded as the beginning of museums.Before the 18th century, museums were merely collection rooms for royalty or a few wealthy people to view exotic objects. By the end of the 18th century, a number of countries in Western Europe have established museums and opened them to the public, the function of the museum has a new development, and people's understanding of the museum has also changed.
In 1880, the British scholar Ruggins published a paper entitled "The Function of the Museum", emphasizing that the museum should become a place for the general public to be educated. American scholars Gu Di further emphasized that the museum must be committed to the innovation of education, and actively carry out activities, so that not only become experts and scholars engaged in research, but also to become a complementary facility for educational institutions and off-campus teaching garden. The theories of the two scholars laid down the purpose and concept of the modern museum. 1974 June, the International Council of Museums held its 11th session in Copenhagen, Denmark, the museum is defined as: a non-profit-making, open and permanent institutions for the community and social development services. It takes the collection, preservation, and study of witnesses about mankind and its environment as its basic duty in order to exhibit, publicize, and provide opportunities for learning, education, and appreciation.
According to China's Museum Regulations, a museum is a non-profit organization that collects, preserves, and displays to the public witnesses to human activities and the natural environment for the purposes of education, research, and appreciation, and is registered by the registration authority in accordance with the law.
In November 1946, the International Council of Museums (ICOM) was founded in Paris, France, and in 1977, ICOM, in order to promote the healthy development of museums around the world, and to attract the public's understanding of, participation in, and concern for museums, decided to designate May 18, 1977, as the first "International Museum Day", and to celebrate it annually as "International Museum Day". It decided to designate May 18, 1977 as the first "International Museum Day", and set the theme of activities for "International Museum Day" every year. The Chinese Society of Museums formally joined ICOM in 1983, and established the Chinese National Committee of ICOM.
Every year on May 18, museums around the world organize various publicity and commemorative activities to celebrate this holiday, so that more people can understand museums and better play the social functions of museums. This year, May 18 is the 41st International Museum Day, and the theme is "Museums and Contested History: Museums Tell the Untold Story".
Background and highlights of the Museum Ordinance
After learning about the origins of International Museum Day, let's take a look at the background of the Museum Ordinance.
In 2005, the Ministry of Culture formulated the Measures for the Administration of Museums to provide legal guidance and protection for museums in terms of their establishment, annual inspection and termination, management of collections, and display and services. However, as a departmental regulation, the Measures do not have the authority to set up subject qualification requirements for matters such as the repair of cultural relics in the collection; the Measures also do not have the authority to make provisions for tax exemptions and exemptions, acceptance of donations, and the establishment of funds to support the development of museums. For this reason, the State Council promulgated the Museum Regulations in January 2015, marking the formal introduction of the first national regulation of the museum industry in China. The highlights of the Museum Regulations are, first, that they explicitly encourage the development of the museum industry by naming them the Museum Regulations rather than the Museum Management Regulations.
The second is to clarify the importance of the educational function of museums. The Museum Regulations emphasize the educational, research and appreciation functions of museums, and put education in the first place. According to the local educational resources to design museum education programs, play the role of museums in the education of minors, so that more students into the museum, will become an important work of the museum.
Thirdly, the status and attributes of non-state-owned museums have been clarified at the legal level. The Museum Ordinance provides that in the establishment of conditions, management and supervision, financial and tax support policies, etc., the state of the state-owned and non-state museums are treated equally, which means that non-state museums have the same "equal status" as state-owned museums, this is the progress of cultural policy for the sustainable development of non-state museums to provide a guarantee, create the conditions.
This is an advancement in cultural policy, which provides a guarantee for the sustainable development of non-state museums.
Fourth, the museums, especially non-state museums have been regulated. China's current stage of non-state museums, basically still in the individual, family, enterprise "collection and exhibition hall" stage, the founder of the private property rights and the museum of the legal person's right to property confusion, individual even under the guise of museums to the government and society to ask for policy, financial support, contrary to the purpose of the museum. The introduction of the Museum Regulations will provide a legal basis for regulating the management and supervision of museums in China and strengthening law enforcement, which is conducive to promoting the management of China's museums to embark on the road of specialization, the rule of law, scientification and standardization.
Fifth, to encourage museums to develop cultural and creative industries. Relying on the rich cultural heritage resources, museums into the cultural and creative industries operating conditions can be said to be unique. The Museum Ordinance makes it clear that museums can carry out business activities without violating their non-profit attributes or departing from their mission, so as to supplement the lack of financial input and make state-owned museums no longer completely dependent on the government.
Sixth, encourage museums to carry out institutional innovation, the implementation of the Council system. The Museum Ordinance clearly proposes the establishment of a museum council system, encouraging social participation in the construction, management and supervision of museums, and to make it institutionalized.
The development trend of China's museums
According to the person in charge of the Xiangyang Museum, China's museums have been developing rapidly in the past decade, maintaining a growth rate of 100 museums per year. According to the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the total number of museums in the country had reached 4,510 by the end of 2014, of which 3,528 were state-owned (2,798 belonging to state-owned culture and cultural relics departments, and 730 belonging to other state-owned departments), and 982 were non-state-owned museums. Many cities take the museum as the city's business card, and actively promote the construction of museums, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan, Xi'an and other places have formulated a plan to create a "city of museums".
Industry experts analyze that with the vigorous development of China's museum industry, the future development of museums will show the following trends. First, the museum is moving in the direction of diversification, non-state-owned museums will increase rapidly, ecological museums, community museums and other new museums will emerge, museums will be more and more rich in type; Second, the museum will pay more attention to the "audience experience and interaction", from "object-oriented Secondly, museums will pay more attention to "audience experience and interaction", from "object-oriented" to "people-oriented", the relationship between museums and the public will be re-adjusted to better meet the public's needs for education and entertainment, so that the public will have a sense of affinity for the museums, and will like to come, be willing to come, and stay for a longer period of time; Thirdly, the new technology will be an important driving force for the museums to change, the museums must better serve the public. Museums to better serve the public, we must rely on new technologies, to achieve the deep integration of culture and technology, through new technological means to create a smart museum, so that the audience to experience the imagination, explore the scenarios of constructing the future.
Xiangyang City Museum: Xiangyang story with cultural relics
History is not only recorded in the annals of a paragraph of text, but also by virtue of cultural relics to tell a story. The museum of each city is a condensed history of the development of a city. Xiangyang City Museum, the cultural relics reflect the history of Xiangyang, cultural relics also tell the "Xiangyang story" in silence.
It is reported that, in order to do a good job of "International Museum Day" publicity, Xiangyang City Museum will be held on May 18, a series of thematic activities: First, through the new media registration channel to recruit representatives of the public to visit the Xiangyang City Museum, the city's well-known scholars, cultural relics experts, Hubei College of Arts and Sciences Professor Mr. Ye Zhi for the public. Mr. Ye Zhi, a renowned scholar and professor at Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, will tell the "Xiangyang story" behind the cultural relics on the spot for the public representatives; the second one is free treasure appraisal activities, and a group of experts will be organized to appraise the antiques and ancient works of art collected by the public (no value appraisal will be provided); the third one is the photo exhibition of fine cultural relics in the collection of the Xiangyang Museum at Zhaomingtai Plaza. "Telling the 'Xiangyang story' with cultural relics is not only one of our thematic activities for this year's 'International Museum Day', but also something we have been doing at Xiangyang City Museum." The person in charge of Xiangyang City Museum told reporters.
It is well known that Zhaomingtai, the site of Xiangyang City Museum, is a landmark building in Xiangyang. Xiangyang, as a famous cultural city with a history of more than 2,800 years of founding, is rich in ground and underground cultural relics. According to the person in charge of Xiangyang Museum, Xiangyang Museum has more than 10,000 pieces of cultural relics, with a full range of collections, including pottery, copper, porcelain, iron, gold, silver, lacquer wood, jade, stone, agate, crystal, wax, bone, tooth, hornware and calligraphy, painting, topography and so on, with a wide range of eras, starting from the Late Paleolithic Period down to the contemporary era. Especially the Shang and Zhou bronzes are more characteristic, the most concentrated is the late Western Zhou to the late Spring and Autumn period of the vassal state bronzes, the number and quality of inscribed bronzes in the province's forefront, involving the vassal state, including E, Deng, Zeng, Chu, Zheng, Placebo, Cai, Huang, Wei, Chord, should be, Wu, Xu, Xu, Qin, and so on. There are a number of complete cultural relics of the Three Kingdoms period, the Warring States period to the Qing Dynasty since the sequence of the collection of Dasima bronze tripod bronze mirror, rich in North and South Dynasty portrait bricks, small Ming and Qing dynasty Taoist statues, thousands of the collection of primitive topography and so on also has certain characteristics.
In order to let the public understand the cultural relics of the city museum, and publicize the history of Xiangyang, the Xiangyang Museum has edited and published two atlases, "Xiangfan Museum Collection of Cultural Relics" and "Xiangfan Museum Cultural Relics Display", as well as "Scanning the Historical Sites of Xiangyang" and "Xiangyang Gems Tour", two books on popularization of cultural relics.
In recent years, in order to fully demonstrate Xiangyang's rich historical and cultural heritage, publicize Xiangyang, and meet the diversified cultural appreciation needs of the public, the Xiangyang City Museum, while running a good basic display, has also been actively organizing temporary exhibitions. Up to now, 18 temporary exhibitions have been held, including "Chinese Modern Masters Painting and Calligraphy Exhibition", "Xiangfan Memory - Centennial Xiangfan Collection of Old Photographs of the Rising Tripods of Warring States and Chu", "The First Bronze Bronze in China", "The First Bronze in China", "The First Bronze in China", and "The First Bronze in China". "The First Bronze Horse in China - Exhibition of Bronze Horses Unearthed from the Three Kingdoms Tomb in Fancheng" "Exhibition of Important New Discoveries of the Third National Cultural Relics Census in Xiangyang" "Fighting Against Cultural Relics Crime and Protection of Cultural Treasures - Gucheng Recovered Cultural Relics Achievements Photo Exhibition" "Xiangyang Chenpo Tomb Unearthed Fine Artifacts Exhibition" "Xiangyang Good Wind Day -The First Xiangyang Cursive Calligraphy Exhibition", "Seven Years of Grass Roots - Gleaners' Achievements in Protecting Cultural Heritage Exhibition", etc., and went to Beijing to participate in the "The Great Mighty Thunder Strike". The exhibition was held in Beijing to participate in the "Thunderous Attack - National Key Areas of Special Action against Cultural Relics Crime", in Wuhan to participate in the "Jingchu Yinghua - the province's museum collection of cultural relics exhibition ", to Xi'an to participate in the "color hanging image of the poor God change - China's ancient wall paintings source and flow of the exhibition".
According to the person in charge of the Xiangyang City Museum, the new Xiangyang City Museum has begun planning and construction, Xiangyang City Museum is located in Xiangcheng District, Da Nangshan east of the Phoenix Hill rushing, covers an area of 212 acres, construction area of 30,000 square meters. After the completion of the new Xiangyang City Museum, it is not only a temple for displaying Xiangyang's fine cultural relics and long history, but also meets the needs of citizens and tourists for recreation and entertainment.