The traditional festivals of the Bai people are March Street and Torch Festival.
March Street, also known as "Guanyin City", is the biggest festival of the Bai people. Every year in the summer calendar, March 15 to 20 at the foot of Dancang Mountain, west of Dali City. Initially, it has religious activities, and later gradually become a grand exchange of materials. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, merchants from Sichuan, Tibet and Jiangnan provinces came here to trade. After the founding of New China, March Street has developed into an annual exchange of materials and national sports and arts conference.
The Torch Festival is held on the 25th day of the 6th month of the summer calendar every year, and is a traditional festival of the Bai people. On the day of the festival, men, women and children gather together to offer sacrifices to their ancestors. Through worshiping torches, lighting torches, playing torches, jumping torches and other activities, wishing for a good harvest and prosperity of six animals.
What are the festival customs of the Bai people
Residence:
The Bai people mainly live in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, while the others are distributed in various parts of Yunnan Province and the Bijie area in Guizhou Province, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, and Sangzhi County in Hunan Province.
Language:
The Bai people use the Bai language, which belongs to the Yi branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. There are three dialects: southern, central and northern. The vast majority of the Bai people speak their own language and are fluent in Chinese.
Ethnic arts:
The Bai people have a long cultural tradition, with many beautiful and touching legends such as "Genesis", "Burning of Songming House" and "The Cloud of Hope", which have been handed down to the present day, and many of them have been incorporated into dramas for staging.
Religion:
The worship of the clan is equivalent to the village community god of the Lord, Buddhism.
Ethnic Festivals:
There are many traditional festivals of the Bai people, and the "March Street", which has a history of more than a thousand years, is the biggest annual festival of the Bai people, and is now known as the "March Street Ethnic Festival". In addition, there is the "Torch Festival" (also known as the Star Festival) and other national festivals.
Every festival, in addition to the necessary holiday food, but also to worship Buddha, worship and ancestor worship activities. The New Year's Day is the most solemn. Since the month of Lunar New Year, every family has to buy new year's goods, kill pigs, grind tofu, and pound bait and glutinous rice flour. On New Year's Eve, the head of each family brings rice, tea and wine on a tray and worships the gods of heaven and earth, the gate, the well, the god of the stove, and the tablets of the ancestors in Shunpachi. Then the whole family has a reunion dinner. Grand reunion dinner in the center of the table set a large copper hot pot, must be on the pig's head meat, surrounded by eight bowls of symbolic day dishes.
Sacrifice:
Zhongyuan Festival and Sacrifice of Heaven is dedicated to sacrificial festivals, especially in the seventh month of the lunar calendar every year, is the Festival of the dead ancestors, if the new funeral home sacrifices to be more grand, then we must prepare the eight bowls of food offerings, which has a thousand sheets of meat, pork ribs, crispy pork, stuffed eggplants, lilies, morels, as well as the chopped fish wrapped in stuffed pork, each dish not only exquisite materials, workmanship, and to be rich in ornamental value. Each dish should not only be well-made and well-prepared, but should also be rich in ornamental value. Such as immediate family members or in-laws, before the funeral, but also to do called "three drops of water" full table to condolences. The so-called "three drops of water" full seat is to have fruit, livestock gift (made into a phoenix, fish, lion and elephant-shaped dishes) and eight bowls of three categories.
Food Customs:
The Bai people are usually accustomed to eating three meals a day. During the busy season or festivals, there are more breakfast and lunch, the Bai people in the Pingba area are mostly rice and wheat as the main food; the Bai people in the mountainous areas are mostly corn, taro, buckwheat as the main food. Staple food are mainly steamed, often eat dry rice, go out to do the work along with carrying a box lunch, cold meals on the spot.
Drinking tea is another hobby of the Bai people, the Bai people are very focused on the morning and noon twice a day tea. Morning tea called "morning tea" or "sober tea", get up and bake tea, all adults drink; afternoon tea and eat "rest tea" or "thirst-quenching tea "inside the rice flower such as milk fan, including children also want to drink a cup.
Most of the Bai people like to drink wine, brewing is a major side business of the Bai family. Due to the use of different raw materials and methods, home brewing many kinds of wine, wine-making commonly used more than 40 kinds of herbs made of wine, made of a variety of white wine, which to kiln wine and dry wine for the traditional good wine. There is also a glutinous rice sweet wine, which is made for women and pregnant women, and is said to have a nourishing and milk-boosting effect.
Wedding customs:
When a young Bai man asks a girl to love him, the girl, if she agrees, will send the male side of the poop; the wedding bride to go to the kitchen to make a "fish soup"; the first Mid-Autumn Festival after the wedding bride to do the big noodle cake, and this shows the bride's cooking skills. Wedding interspersed with tea first, after? Four four Ruyi (i.e., four plates, four plates, four pots, four bowls) mat.
Back marriage is a popular wedding custom in the Bai ethnic area of Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Whenever the intersection, three forks or people gathered in the place, the guests will stop, the dowry yards into two large stacks, so that the groom back the bride around the dowry around the "8" word.
Etiquette:
The guests, whether they know each other or not, are warmly received. Where guests come, must be "three-way tea" to be. Three-way tea is the most elaborate tea ceremony, that is, pouring tea three ways: the first way for pure roasted tea, the second way to add walnut pieces, milk fan and brown sugar, the third way to add honey and a few peppercorns. Thus, it has the characteristics of one bitter, two sweet, three aftertaste. When eating, the elderly guests sit on the top, the younger generation in turn sit on both sides or the bottom, and at any time for the elders and guests to add rice and soup, warm hospitality....
What are the festivals of the Bai people
The main festivals of the Bai people are the "New Year", "March Street", "around the three spirits", The same as the Han Chinese, but also the Qingming, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and so on. Among them, "March Street", "Torch Festival" is unique and well-known.
New Year's Day
The Bai people who live in Bijiang, Yunnan have their own unique annual calendar. They base their seasons on the growth of trees. When the peach blossom buds is their March, and when the leaves of the lacquer tree reach five inches, it is May....... In this way, they regard the year as having not twelve but thirteen months.
In the year, March and thirteen months are their months of rest. The month of March is the Ides of March, and the month of the thirteenth is the month of the passing of the New Year. However, there is only one day in the New Year month for the New Year, and this day is not fixed, it is agreed by the elders of the clans in the village every year. After the New Year is determined, early in the morning on this day, all the members of the village in a prestigious old man's leadership, with home-brewed rice wine and glutinous rice poi, together to the head of the village under the tree to hold a tree ceremony, wishing for the coming year the wind and rain, the six animals prosper, a good harvest. Sacrifice is complete, people will bring the gift of the year, the first gift to the elderly a, and then mutual respect for the year wine, poi ......
After the end of the sacrificial activities, we go back to kill the New Year's pig. If it is agreed that this day to eat in partnership cooking meat, kill the pig family should take out one-tenth of the meat to everyone to cook and eat; if not to eat in partnership, kill the pig family also want to give pork to people who do not have a pig, to show unity and friendship.
March Street
March Street: also known as the ancient Guanyin City or Guanyin will be, it is reported that there has been more than a thousand years of history, held every year in March of the summer calendar, the location of the Cangshan Mountain in the western part of the city of Dali and the foot of the peak. The content of the festival was originally a Buddhist temple fair, held a grand lecture and worship activities. It is a traditional festival of the Bai people, held every year at the foot of the Zhonghe Peak in the ancient city of Dali, on the open ground by the Zhongxi River. Every "March Street" during the period, as far as thousands of miles, close to the neighboring counties of the merchants, from all directions to participate in the trade. Market commodities, from medicinal herbs to food, furniture, livestock, everything, it is the largest gathering place of commodity trading in western Yunnan.
It is said that a long, long time ago, there was a tyrant, hoping to live forever, listening to the words of a retainer, every day to eat a pair of human eyeballs, which brought deep disaster to the local Bai people. At that time, there was a warrior full of magical power, in order to get rid of the devil for the white people to exterminate the evil, in March one day, skillfully tricked the tyrant to the Cangshan Mountain in the foot of the peak, called the god dog bit off the tyrant's throat, drank his blood, eliminated the demon king, for the white people in addition to the scourge. In order to commemorate this warrior and the white people saved the great day, people every year in the lunar calendar March 15 - 20, gathered at the foot of the Cangshan Mountain, singing and dancing. Year after year, it formed an annual "March Street". Nowadays, in addition to the exchange of materials, ethnic songs, dances, sports and other activities are also performed during the "March Street". In particular, the horse race riders of all ethnic groups, gathered at the foot of the Cangshan Mountain, whip horse, like clouds and fog to the Erhai side of the run, the scene is very spectacular.
Torch Festival
Held annually on the 25th day of the sixth month of the summer calendar, it is the most solemn and grandest festival of the Bai people. On this day, every village should erect tall torches, each family set up small torches. Nightfall, the size of the torches lit, as if ten million fire dragons in the mountains Mercedes, people *** field, pest control. The family just gave birth to a baby, under the big torches to invite the townspeople to drink "happy wine" to congratulate the mother and child peace.
Around the three spirit
Held annually from April 23rd to 25th of the lunar calendar. At that time, the Bai people pilgrimage to the Golden Turtle Temple, Shengyuan Temple, Chongsheng Temple, at the same time in front of the temple on the grass all night singing and dancing to their heart's content.
Grab head water
On the 30th day of the Lunar New Year, it is the annual festival of "grabbing head water" for the Bai people in Dali. When night falls, the girls and boys are busy dressing up. They put on colorful national costume, hand carrying a string of firecrackers, shoulder picking a load of water buckets, smiling and marching in the village alley, to the water well. To the midnight zero hour, only to hear the firecrackers, only to see everyone scrambling to be the first to "grab the first water". Each family to "grab" the "head of water" pick home, it will use it to make soup balls, noodles and other food, cooked in a bowl or plate, respectfully sent from door to door to the elderly, congratulate the elderly on a happy new year, happiness and health. After receiving the gifts, the old people put a few cents in the bowls and plates when they return them to show that they have been pressed into service. Wish the young generation healthy growth, good happiness ...... "grab head water" activities fully embodies the Bai people respect the old and love the young national tradition.
Juggling the sea will
The Bai people along the Erhai Sea in Yunnan, every year on the 24th day of June in the lunar calendar to organize a traditional Juggling the sea event. Legend has it that the ......
What are the traditional festivals of the Bai people
March Street
The Bai people
have a population of about 1.4 million mainly living in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, with the rest distributed throughout Yunnan, the Bijie area in Guizhou Province and Liangshan Prefecture in Sichuan. More than ninety percent of the population is engaged in agricultural production, good at growing rice. Dali Snow Pear, Binchuan orange citrus are famous specialties, the Bai people have their own language, Chinese has been common for the Bai people since ancient times. Buddhism. Bai people have a long cultural tradition, "Genesis", "burning Songming Building", "looking at the cloud" and many other beautiful and moving legends, has been passed down to the present day, many of which were organized into the theater.
Customs: Bai families, sons married after the separation of parents. The Bai people are not intermarried with the same clan and same surname. The first thing you need to do is to get a good deal on the price of the product, and then you'll be able to buy it. All guests visit, must be "three-way tea" hospitality. Three ways of tea is the most elaborate tea ceremony, with a bitter, two sweet, three aftertaste characteristics. Pouring tea for the guests can not pour full, Bai folk "wine full of people, tea full of people" said. Bai dining is very polite, elders, guests sit on the top, the younger generation in turn sit on both sides or the bottom, and at any time for the elders and guests to add rice and soup, warm to wait.
Wedding customs: when a young Bai man proposed to the girl, the girl agreed to send to the male side of the poop; wedding bride to the kitchen to make "fish soup"; the first Mid-Autumn Festival after the wedding bride to do the big noodle cake, and as a way to show the bride's cooking skills. The wedding ceremony is concerned about the first tea, after? Four Four Ruyi (i.e., four plates, four dishes, four pots, four bowls) mat. Wedding is a popular wedding custom in the Bai ethnic area of Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Whenever there is a crossroads, a three-way street or a place where people gather, the guests will stop, the dowry yards into two large stacks, so that the bridegroom back the bride around the dowry around the "8" word.
Food customs: Pingba area of the Bai people to rice, wheat-based food; mountainous areas of the Bai people are more corn, taro, buckwheat-based food. The staple foods are mainly steamed.
Because of the fresh vegetables all year round, the Bai people are happy to eat fresh vegetables and all kinds of pickles at every meal. Most of the Bai women are good pickles, pickles of many kinds, in addition to pickling fresh vegetables, but also do bean paste, black beans, noodles sauce; Jianchuan, Heqing Bai often pick the sea cauliflower of the Erhai Sea, processed and cooked into a variety of flavorful dishes.
Meat to pork-based, in addition to fresh pork to do a variety of fried dishes, but also like to pickle the pig, processed into ham, sausage, sausage, pork liver, blowing liver, rice intestines and other fine flavor food. In winter, the Bai people like to pot beef soup, eat with cranberries, turnips, green onions and other condiments together. White people living near the river, specializing in water cooking.
Most of the Bai people like to drink, due to the use of different raw materials and methods, there are many types of wine, liquor, commonly used more than 40 kinds of herbs made of wine made of liquor, made of a variety of white wine, which to kiln wine and dry wine for the traditional good wine. There is also a glutinous rice sweet wine, which is specially made for women and pregnant women, and is said to have a nourishing and milk-boosting effect.
Drinking tea is another hobby of the Bai people, who pay much attention to the morning and noon tea twice a day. Morning tea called "morning tea" or "awake tea", get up and drink tea, adults are drinking; afternoon tea and called "rest tea" or "thirst-quenching tea "
The White Tea is the most popular tea in the world, and it's a great way for people to enjoy a cup of tea.
The Bai people have a lot of flavorful dishes. Rawhide is one of the essential dishes for the Bai people on New Year's Day, is mixed with a variety of pungent and spicy cold meat dishes. Donkey soup pot, is made of donkey meat roasted. Steamed pig's head is also one of the traditional dishes of the Bai people, which is made by steaming pig's head on a wicker rack in a pot. The big noodle cake is the Bai Mid-Autumn Festival special cakes, with fermented dough and condiments steamed.
Clothing: Men's Bai men and women revere the color white, and are honored by the color white. Dali region, men wear white lapel coat, black coat, or several pieces of leather, satin lapel coat, commonly known as "three drops of water", waist belt or embroidered bib, under the blue or black pants. In the western mountainous area of Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, every adult Bai man carries a small and delicate embroidered purse, embroidered with the words "two birds on the branch" and "mandarin ducks playing in the water". Embroidered purse is a symbol of love, it is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Bai girls.
Women's clothing varies from place to place, the Dali area more than white blouse, red shoulders, or light-colored blue blouse, jacket, black velvet neckcoat, waist tie embroidered short waist, under the blue wide pants, foot wearing embroidered "hundred sections of the shoes". Unmarried women wear a single braid coiled on top of their heads and a bright red headband wrapped around a white headscarf, complementing each other with red and white. The short embroidered girdle around the waist makes it more colorful and beautiful. Married women wear their hair in a bun. Women on the east coast of the Erhai Sea wear the hair style of "phoenix nodding", covered with a silk net or with a hairpin, all wrapped with an embroidered scarf or black cloth. Bai women have the custom of wearing earrings and bracelets. Bai women living in Eryuan County, Dali ......
What is the grandest festival of the Bai people
The grandest festival of the Bai people is Dali March Street.
Dali March Street is an ethnic traditional event with a thousand-year history, which is both the oldest and most prosperous trade bazaar in western Yunnan, as well as a grand annual festival for the people of all ethnic groups in Dali Prefecture to have great exchanges of folk arts and sports.
There is also the Bai Torch Festival.
In Yunnan, many ethnic groups have a torch festival, and each has a different way. Bai torch festival held on the 25th day of the sixth lunar month every year, the white language called "Fu Wang dance", meaning "June carnival". Whether the city or countryside, mountainous areas are all celebrated together. In the minds of the Bai people, it is second only to the Spring Festival's grandest festival. In addition to the village erected a large torch of collective activities, families have to prepare delicious food, a variety of festive supplies, married out of the girl have to go back to her mother's family reunion. Before the festival, sold all over the street is the symbol of the torch festival - with bamboo gabion colored paper paste tie the small rising bucket, small torches, paper fire incense bags, as well as special for women to use to dye the red nails of the root of the fenghuangxian flowers, and so on, the atmosphere of Gongzhi is very strong.
Do you know what the traditional festivals of the Miao and the Bai
Bai The Bai people have a unique style of residential architecture. The Bai people have a unique style of residential architecture. Most of the housing is in the form of "three houses and one wall" and "four houses and five patios". They attach great importance to the decorative art of gatehouse construction and wall, door and window carving and wall painting. Gatehouse decoration, usually using clay, wood carvings, paintings, stone carvings, marble screen convex flower bricks and bricks and other components of the string of corners and flying eaves, flower Fang exquisite, overlapping arches, majestic and stable, beautiful and generous, reflecting the architectural talent of the working people of the Bai people and artistic creativity. The Bai people prefer white, and the overall color of their houses is white, and the color of Bai traditional clothing is also white, with white as the honor. Men in the Dali area usually wear white lapel tops, outside a black lab coat; men in the Haidong area wear leather lab coats, or several pieces of leather and satin lab coats, commonly known as the "three drops of small", belts or embroidered bibs at the waist, and blue or black pants underneath. Women are white blouse, and then set a blue, red or black shoulders, waist tied with a small embroidered apron. The headdress of married women is usually blue. A girl knots her braid together with a red rope and then wraps a colorful hand patch around her head, with a white tassel fluttering on the right side of her head, which shows off her charm. Dali Bai people love flowers, almost every family planted medicine, the local "three a well, a few pots of flowers," said most of the girl's name with the word flowers, such as: gold flowers, silver flowers, Germany flowers, beauty flowers, spring flowers and so on. The unique festivals of the Bai people are "Around Three Spirits", "Shibaoshan Song Festival", "Benjamin Festival", "Juggling the Sea" and "The Grand and Rich Festival". There are many festivals such as "March Street" which is grand in scale and rich in content, and "Torch Festival" of the Bai people themselves. Miao The Miao is an ancient and colorful ethnic group, calling themselves "Mu", "Meng", "Damu" and "Daji". ". He said there are several cases, one is to dress color and called "red Miao", "flower Miao", "white Miao", "black Miao" and so on; the second is to dress color and called "red Miao", "flower Miao", "white Miao", "black Miao", "red Miao", "white Miao", "black Miao" and so on. First, they are called "Red Hmong", "Flower Hmong", "White Hmong" and "Black Hmong" by the color of their clothes; second, they are called "Highland Hmong", "Bazhai Hmong" and "Planting Mew Mew" by the place where they live or the crops they grow; third, they are insulted by the rulers of the olden times. Thirdly, the rulers in the old times insulted them, such as "Sheng Miao", "Ripe Miao", "Mabu Miao", etc. After the founding of New China, they were collectively called "Miaoli". After the founding of New China, they were collectively called "Miao". The Miao in Guangxi account for 5.5% of the national Miao population and 1% of the Guangxi population, ranking fourth after the Han, Zhuang and Yao in the population of Guangxi. The main distribution areas of the Miao are in Guizhou and Hunan, while the Miao in Guangxi mainly live in the mountainous areas in the north, northwest and west of Guangxi bordering Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan. The biggest characteristic of the Miao is that they are rich in all kinds of timber and local specialties, and maintain splendid and simple national traditions The Miao have their own national traditional festivals, such as the Year of the Miao, La Drum Festival, Lusheng Festival, etc., but the grandest and richest among them is the Year of the Miao. The time of the Miao New Year is not the same everywhere. Rongshui, Sanjiang, Longsheng area of the Hmong New Year is generally in the eleventh month of the lunar calendar on the day of the Ohi. In addition to ancestor worship and banquets, various activities are also held. When the New Year comes, the whole family observes the New Year's Eve. Eat "over the ground meal" (this is the Miao people and the ancestors in the nether world *** into the reunion meal), worship the New Year, people will carry out a variety of activities. Sacrificing the Dragon Pool, sacrificing to the God of the Field, blowing the sheng to accompany the dance, which is the most solemn scene of the Miao New Year, are all very lively. Praying to the gods for a good harvest is a major theme of the Miao New Year activities. In the New Year of Miao, there are many kinds of food, such as rice, glutinous rice, meat (sour meat), fish (sour fish), etc. There is also a special food called "Chili Bone", which is fragrant and spicy, and can improve appetite, drive away the wind and cold, and prevent and control colds, and is a common food in Miao families, and is also a good gift for guests. Yao Ethnic Group The Yao ethnic group has a population of 2.134 million, distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces. In Yunnan, there are 173,000 people, mainly in Hekou, Jinping, Maguan, Funing, Wenshan, Malipo, Qiu Bei, Yuanyang, Luchun and Honghe. In addition, there are also a few in Mengla, Jingdong and Jiangcheng. Historically, the Yao and Miao are closely related, originating from the "Wuling Barbarians" tribe during the Qin and Han Dynasties. Around the Sui Dynasty, the Yao and Miao, who lived in what is now Hunan and Hubei, split into two ethnic groups. The Yao in Yunnan were moved into Wenshan from Guangdong and Guizhou after the Ming and Qing dynasties. Later on, they moved to the Red River Valley, Mojiang, Mengla and other places. Many Yao in Yunnan not only speak their own language, but also Chinese, Zhuang and Miao, for historical reasons. In the past, because of the different characteristics of the Yao people in terms of their residence and dress, there were the "Overhill Yao", "Red-headed Yao", "Daban Yao", "Flat-headed Yao", "Blue-headed Yao", "Blue-head Yao", "Red-head Yao", and "Blue-head Yao". "Indigo Yao", "Shayao", "white head Yao" and other self-proclaimed and ......
What festivals are important for the Yi and Bai ethnic groups?
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The Torch Festival is an important festival of the Yi and Bai ethnic groups
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Bai Festivals
The main traditional festivals of the Bai include: "Around the Three Spirits" - "Around the Three Spirits" is also known as "Around the Mountain Spirit", "Around the Mountain Spirit", "Around the Mountain Spirit", "Around the Mountain Spirit" and "Around the Mountain Spirit". Around the three spirit", also known as "around the mountain spirit", "around the three forest", is a traditional festival of the Bai people in Dali, Yunnan Province, the Bai language called "view on the tour", meaning "touring the garden". "Around the three spirit" period for the annual lunar calendar April 23-25, *** three days. "Three Spirits" refers to the "God" Sheng Yuan Temple, "Xanadu" Jinqui Temple, "Buddha" Chongsheng Temple. The "Three Spirits" is mainly a tour of these three temples. During the festival, a sea of people, in the "three that around the south and four around the north", singing and dancing; night camping field, singing the Bai's Da Benqu, singing to the dawn; can be described as carnival all night long. March Street" - "March Street" is also known as "Guanyin City", "" Guanyin Street", "March Street" is also known as "Guanyin City", "Guanyin Street". Guanyin Street", "sacrifice Guanyin Street", is the Yunnan Dali Bai people's grand festival and street period, every year in the lunar calendar, March 15 to 20 at the foot of the Dancang Mountain in the west of Dali city. Initially it was colored with religious activities, but later it gradually changed into a grand exchange of materials. "Juggling the sea will be" - "Juggling the sea will be", also known as "corpse fishing will be", is the Yunnan Dali Bai folk traditional festival of the Bai people in Dali, Yunnan Province. "It lasts for one month, from July 23 to August 23 of the lunar calendar. The largest one is the one held on August 8 in the villages along the lake on the west bank of the Erhai Sea in Dali. On that day, many villages around the boat will be gathered to the water near the village, but see the Erhai white sails, the shore is crowded, the boat stretches for more than ten miles, more than 10,000 viewers. The other unique festivals of the Bai people are "Shibaoshan Song Festival", "Benjamin Festival" and the Bai people's own "Torch Festival" and many other festivals.
What is the most important festival of the Bai people?
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March Street in Dali
March Street in Dali is a thousand-year-old traditional ethnic event, which is not only the oldest and most prosperous trade fair in the western part of Yunnan, but also a grand festival of folk art and sports exchange among people of all ethnic groups in Dali Prefecture every year. It is not only the oldest and most prosperous trade fair in western Yunnan, but also an annual festival of folk arts and sports for all ethnic groups in Dali.
The March Street is held outside the west gate of the ancient city of Dali on the 15th day of the third month of the lunar calendar every year, and lasts for seven to ten days. Tent for the city, ten thousand merchants gathered, bulk trading of local products, Chinese herbs, mules and horses, livestock and daily necessities. During the festival, the organization of traditional horse racing, dragon boat racing, crossbow shooting, playing swing and other folk sports competitions, as well as Dabenqu singing, Dongjing ancient music, national song and dance performances, year after year, lively and extraordinary.
Dali March Street is known as "a thousand years to catch a street, a street to catch a thousand years." This not only has the basis of folklore, but also has a solid historical record:
From the folk customs and myths and legends, March Street originated in the Guanyin Sermon Temple. According to legend, Dali Cang'er land was originally occupied by a demon named Rakshasa. He specialized in eating people's eyes for a living. The Goddess of Mercy came to Dali and subdued the Rakshasa with her skillful spells. In order to prevent Rakshasa from rising again, every year on March 15, 10,000 people gathered in front of the Cangshan Mountain Shrine (which is still the same street) to preach sutras and teach. In order to prevent the people from delaying their livelihood, so that the people can do some trading at the same time, and thus also formed an annual grand market, so that the March Street is often called Guanyin City.
From the historical record, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, the evolution of the March Street through the ages have historical information. Tang Dynasty Nanzhao state period, the most important historical event is the sixth generation of Nanzhao king is Mou Xun in the Tang Dezong Zhenyuan ten years (794 AD) and the Tang Dynasty envoys Cui Zuo Shi alliance in the point of the Cangshan Mountain shrine, set up iron scrolls four copies of the form, swore to the Tang Dynasty and always be in harmony with each other. Iso Mouxun told the people to gather in the square in front of the shrine every March 15 to commemorate the oath of the heavy as the Cangshan Mountain, and from then on there was the March Street. In this sense, March Street is also a witness to the unity of the motherland and national unity.
Song Dynasty Dali Kingdom period, March Street became China's largest southern horse, herb trading market. The seventeenth king of the Dali Kingdom Duan Zhengxing (that is, the grandson of Duan Zhengchun, Duan Yu's son) is located in the Song Emperor Shaoxing seventeen years (1147 AD), he reigned thirty-one years, on the one hand, proactively repair with the Central Plains Dynasty, on the one hand, vigorously develop the economy. At that time, the Dali country is famous for producing good breed of horse in the Central Plains, the Southern Song Dynasty in Guangxi Yongzhou specially set up to buy horses Division, the import of Dali horses. So Duan Zhengxing March Street into a horse trading market, more than 1500 horses every year.
History records, the horse market ten thousand merchants gathered, traders from Hubei, Sichuan to silk, paper and pen, rouge and pollen, ginseng and other commodities in exchange for Dali's horses, swords, medicinal herbs, as well as from the Tufan, the Western countries of ivory, rhinoceros horns, antlers and other valuable specialties, the meeting period of up to more than 20 days. The Dali state's prime minister Gao Rangcheng also set up a horse ring in the horse market, that is, horse racing, and from then on, March Street had the tradition of horse racing. At night, Wuhua building in front of the song and dance, household lights and colors, the royal consort also traveled to the city, and the people with the fun. This period of March Street has developed into China's southern largest border trade fair.
The Ming Dynasty "Xu Xiake Travels" clearly describes the March Street "thirteen provinces, the barbarians in Yunnan," "men and women mingled, arm in arm" of the bustling scene. Ming Dynasty Bai scholars Li Yuanyang in the "Yunnan Tongzhi" also wrote: "March 15 in the Cangshan trade under the goods of the provinces. Since the Tang Yong Hui years to the present, the dynasties have changed, this market remains unchanged."
The March Street in the Qing Dynasty, the development scale is getting bigger and bigger. At that time, the Dali students Li Xiexi wrote a poem depicting the March Street situation: "In the past, the prosperity of a few spring and autumn, millions of money like water, Sichuan, Suzhou and Hangzhou exquisite goods, trading malls crown Asia." March Street has had a considerable international influence.
After the founding of the State, especially since the reform and opening up, the scale and impact of the March Street a year more than a year. 1991 onwards, was identified as the legal holiday of the people of all ethnic groups in Dali Prefecture, culture, sports, economy and trade "with the stage singing", a new look. Every year there are from all provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and British, ......
Traditional festivals of the Bai people Yunnan Bai people is how to spend the Spring Festival
Bai people from New Year's Eve began to worship each other, give gifts. After midnight, young men and women compete to be the first to pick water to show their diligence. Early in the morning, the whole family drinks sugar water with rice flowers, wishing that the days are sweeter than honey. After breakfast, children are led by adults to their friends' and relatives' homes to pay New Year's greetings to their elders. Dragon lanterns, lion dances, and whip beating are indispensable activities of the festival.
1, Spring Festival: from the 30th day of the Lunar New Year to the 6th day of the first month, is the traditional festival of the Bai people, commonly known as the New Year.
2, over the small year: that is, the Lantern Festival.
3, taboo: the night of New Year's Eve, the first day of the New Year's Day taboo string, taboo mouth blowing fire. Women avoid washing and combing hair.
4, 4, food taboos: New Year's Eve night killed rooster meat outsiders can not eat.
5, every festival, in addition to the necessary holiday food, but also to worship Buddha, heaven and ancestor worship activities. The New Year's Day is the most solemn. Since the month of Lunar New Year, every family has to buy new year's goods, kill pigs, grind tofu, pound bait and glutinous rice flour. On New Year's Eve, the head of each family brings rice, tea and wine on a tray and worships the gods of heaven and earth, the gate, the well, the god of the stove, and the tablets of the ancestors in Shunbachi. Then the whole family has a reunion dinner. Grand reunion dinner in the center of the table set a large copper hot pot, must be on the pig's head meat, surrounded by eight bowls of deep meaning of the day dishes. Such as: lotus root with eyes means open and smooth; garlic white language meaning "smooth" means everything goes smoothly; roasted fish means rich and abundant. The first morning of the New Year to cook dumplings, some do noodles, all imply reunion, and smooth, good life and other good wishes. From the first to the fifth, what to eat every day have certain norms. White people living in Bijiang, New Year's Eve is different from other areas, the White people in Bijiang divide the year into thirteen months, and the New Year's Day is held in the second half of the thirteenth month on the day of the Pig or the Snake. On the evening of New Year's Eve, the whole family has to offer sacrifices to the god of the tree first, while the whole village has to gather together for a meal afterwards. In some other festivals, in addition to killing pigs or slaughtering sheep to organize banquets, but also to have seasonal food. Such as the March Street to have a variety of steamed cakes, cold noodles; Qingming Festival to cold mixed with assorted; Dragon Boat Festival package dumplings, drink xionghuang wine; rice planting will eat rice planting meat, fried broad beans; June 25 Torch Festival to eat sweets and a variety of candies; Mid-Autumn Festival to eat white cakes, cakes; taste the new festival to eat mixed with the new rice, and so on.