Tang Pak Fu, (1470-1524), Ming Dynasty, was born in the year Yin month Yin time, then named "Yin", because Yin is a tiger, and took the word Pak Fu, and then changed the word Zi Ai. His name was Peach Blossom Nunnery, and in his later years he became a Buddhist, with aliases such as Liuru Jushi. He was a native of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province.
Lifted the first countryside examination (Xieyuan). Later, he was implicated in a fraud case, and his fame was thwarted, and he suffered a family disaster, and had a difficult experience. In the latter half of his life in the northwest of Suzhou Peach Blossom Dock built a "Peach Blossom Nunnery", to sell literature and paintings known throughout the world. At that time, he and Xu Zhenqing, Zhu Yunming, and Wen Zhengming were known as the "Four Talents of Wuzhong". Tang Yin was "uninhibited and uninhibited, quite addicted to sound and color," and signed himself with the seal, "The First Scholar of Jiangnan." Tang Yin was an outstanding painter in the history of painting in China, specializing in figures, landscapes, flowers and birds. Tang Yin's calligraphy was covered up by the name of painting, and he mainly learned from Zhao Mengfu, and was even influenced by Li Beihai. His strokes were handsome, elegant and smooth, and his brushwork was a little weak, and his hooks and picks were soft, so that he could not see a trace of madness. Wang Shizhen commented, "Bohu entered the hall of Wu Xing, poor weak ear." ("State Mountain Manuscript") circulating ink has "self-scripted poems", "joint poems", "falling flowers poetry scroll" and so on.
Tang Pak Fu was a brilliant young man, capable of poetry and painting, and at the age of sixteen, he was awarded the title of Candidate of the Academy, and at the age of nineteen, he married Xu's wife. He married Xu at the age of nineteen. Xu was a quiet, gentle and considerate woman, and the couple was in love. His father, Tang Guangde, operating a Tang Kee hotel, is Tang Pak Fu spirited, his father suddenly passed away from a stroke, his mother because of too much sadness with his father, and then shocked to hear that his sister died in her husband's family, his beloved wife in childbirth, postpartum fever, quietly passed away, the poor little baby three days after the birth of the mother, also with the mother to go. The death of his relatives one after another was a great blow, which made him depressed. After in good friends Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhengming ...... encouragement, regained the ancient literature, furious study, the results of the township exams topped the list, "the liberation of the Yuan Gong Tang Bohu" a moment of fame throughout the city of Nanjing. At the age of twenty-seven, he renewed his marriage and married He. When Tang Yin went to Beijing to take the entrance examination, he was betrayed by his fellow countryman Du Yuanjing, and was falsely accused of bribing the examiner, dragged into the torture chamber and beaten, and escorted to the prison.
After a few setbacks, he was proven innocent. After the release of prison, down and out, his wife He left him, brother and sister-in-law asked for separation, at this time, fortunately, there are good friends, Jiu Niang (a woman in a green house) in the spirit of assistance to him. Later, he married the capable and caring Jiu Niang as his wife, and since then he has also devoted himself to painting, making great progress in painting.
Tang Yin was 31 years old when he started his "Thousand Mile Journey", which took him to the seven provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Hunan, Min, and Gan, where he sold paintings to make a living under poverty. Tang Yin was good at painting landscapes and brushwork figures, especially ladies, and his brushwork was elegant and meticulous, elegant and elegant, and "Tang painting" was the ancestor of later generations of painters. His works include Riding a Donkey and Returning to Thoughts, Autumn Breeze and Fans, Li Ruirui, A Marriage of One Life, and Pine Sound on Mountain Road. His poems and prose include The Complete Works of Mr. Li Ru Jushi.
He and Jiuniang had a daughter. At the age of thirty-seven, Jiuniang passed away due to overwork.
Ming Zhengde four years (1509), Tang Yin in the north of Suzhou City, Song Zhangzhuang Jane abandoned garden site to build room Peach Blossom Dock, there is a learning garden hall, dream ink Pavilion, Bamboo Pavilion, mosquito butterfly Zhai and so on (also known as the home of the Tang Dynasty, the site of the present-day Peach Blossom Dock Street). He called himself the owner of the Peach Blossom Dock, and composed the Peach Blossom Nunnery Song, comparing himself to a flower-picking fairy. The second half of his life mainly lived in the Peach Blossom Dock, and the main works of art in his life were also produced here. Tang Yin had a rough life, poor and miserable, at the age of fifty-four.
Tang Pak Fu's anecdotes
Tang Pak Fu was one of the "Four Talents of Wu Men". People only know that he was naughty when he was a teenager; flirtatious when he was young; and cynical when he was middle-aged and old. Therefore, the world has added some of his stories to the story, so as to make up a lot of legendary novels , e.g. Tang Pak Fu Three Points of Autumn Fragrance ...... and so on. However, the story about the legendary Tong Pak Fu may not be completely true, but it can be revealed that the talented painter character of the wind flow wild, do not live in the rites and laws.
At that time, Tang Pak Fu was already a famous painter in the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, many rich and powerful people wanted to rely on their own power to ask for a few paintings from Tong Pak Fu, but Tong Pak Fu was not afraid of power, but was good at making friends with the poor. Because of this, Tong Pak Fu preferred to give his paintings to the poor rather than paying attention to the rich and powerful.
Once upon a time, there was a book called "Nine Beauties", which tells the story of Tang Pak Fu marrying nine beauties, and the plot is very bizarre, in fact, there is no such thing in history, but the painting of Nine Beauties by Tang Pak Fu is true. The origin of the Nine Beauties is that Zhu Zhishan once visited Tang Pak Fu, and bet with Tang Pak Fu, as long as Tang Pak Fu can be within a year, will be the city of Suzhou's prestigious lady, painted ten beautiful pictures, Zhu Zhishan will pay him three hundred taels of silver. But at that time, Tong Pak Fu overlooked: the big ladies, usually do not go out of the door, do not step out, where the ten pictures of beautiful women? At that time, Tang Xing, a book boy, suggested Tang Pak Fu to go to Xuan Miao Guan on the first and the half of each month, and he could easily get ten pictures of beautiful women, but Tang Pak Fu only finished nine, and these nine pictures of beautiful women were preserved
Three, Zhu, Wen, Zhang and Tang Pak Fu's strange literary anecdotes
Zhu Zhishan, the word Xizhe, was the closest friend of Tang Pak Fu, although he was a scholar, he did not want to be famous for his calligraphy, his cursive script was especially famous, and his calligraphy was very famous. Although he was a scholar, he had no intention of achieving success, and his mind was fully focused on calligraphy, and his cursive script was especially famous. The two men were of similar temperament, often carrying wine jugs and riding on fishing boats, drinking and writing poems while enjoying the landscape, rather avoiding the world and abandoning the common people. Soon after Tang Pak Fu was framed by Du Yuanjing in Kyoto, Zhu Zhishan also resigned from the governor, and the two were even more companionable and traveled together, enjoying poetry and wine, and sending their love to famous flowers. Legend has it that when they arrived at Yangzhou, they found that they had run out of silver, and heard that the royal inspector of Yangzhou's salt administration liked elegance, so they came to the government office in the guise of Taoist priests. He asked them to write a poem with a stone as the title, and the two of them were so satisfied with their work that he rewarded them with silver, and they had fun for a few more days. Zhu Zhishan's famous cursive writing, together with Tang Bohu's superb painting skills, made "Tang's painting and Zhu's calligraphy" famous far and wide.
Wen Bi (文璧), also known as Zhengming (徵明), was a close friend of Tong Pak Fu. However, because of his father's strict discipline, he never dared to womanize, so when Tong Pak Fu and Zhu Zhi Shan invited two small prostitutes to play jokes on him without his knowledge, Zhenming wrote a long letter to advise Tong Pak Fu to do so.
Tang Pak Fu was not convinced that he took the joke seriously, and their 20-year friendship was lost. Until ten years later, Tang Pak Fu wrote a letter to Zhenming, frankly reviewing his own faults, Zhenming read the end that rushed to the Peach Blossom Dock, the two friends only in tears in the heart of the mustache. As a result, their friendship grew even deeper, and they talked about everything until Tong Pak Fu passed away.
Zhang Ling, the word dream Jin, since young, clever, had in the children's test in the first prize, but because of his father's early death, gradually unruly and unrestrained, addicted to alcohol. Zhu Zhishan saw his pity and took him as his disciple, since then he often traveled with Zhu Zhishan and Tang Bohu. Once, three people in the hotel after drinking only to find no money, so Tang Pak Fu to find a piece of white paper, a few strokes outlined, will become a green mountain and green water, Zhu Zhishan took the pen, inscribed four poems, more colorful, and finally Dream Jin in the green water beside the addition of a water drawer boy, and suddenly make the picture full of vitality. This painting not only paid for the wine, but also made them drink more. Meng Jin was a natural lover of nature, and was always a good friend of Tang Pak Fu and the others, as he did not draw on official fame.
The Story of Tang Pak Fu
Since Feng Menglong's novel "Tang Xieyuan's Marriage with a Smile" was published, the story of Tang Pak Fu's "Pointing out the Autumn Fragrance" has been widely circulated among the people due to the clamor of the folk artists and operas, and Tang Pak Fu has become a household name in the history of the Chinese people. In the folklore, Tang Pak Fu became a rich man with many concubines, a huge fortune and an absurd flirtation. In fact, this is a great distortion of the original face of Tang Pak Fu, the historical Tang Pak Fu, not only no legendary affair, and live in poverty, a life of hardship.
Tang Pak Fu, named Tang Yin, lived in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, born in a small merchant's family. From a young age, talented, poetry, calligraphy and painting, none of them. During the Hongzhi period, he won the first place in the countryside examination of Yingtianfu (now Nanjing) - Xieyuan, which made him famous for a while, and he also boasted himself as "the first talented person in Jiangnan". Unfortunately, the good times don't last long, in the second year of the examination, Tang Bohu was implicated in the imperial examination fraud case, ate a series of unjust lawsuits, and since then, no door to the imperial examination, the road to fame is broken.
Tang Pak Fu, no hope of fame, marriage is also very unfortunate. His first wife surnamed Xu, from a wealthy family, very snobbish, and hope that Tang Pak Fu can win the gold list, the clouds, husband and wife, who knows that Tang Pak Fu is implicated in fraud due to science, lost hope of advancement, her hopes were dashed. From then on, the couple turned against each other, quarreled every day, and finally separated and divorced. Later, a woman called Shen Jiuniang into the life of Tang Pak Fu, the two people love each other, qin and se harmony, unfortunately, Shen Jiuniang and died prematurely. Tang Pak Fu has not been renewed since.
The failure of the imperial examination, the marriage is unfortunate, so that Tang Pak Fu suffered a great blow, they fell into the world, roaming the famous mountains and rivers, dedicated to painting and calligraphy, and finally became a generation of everyone, has achieved great artistic success.
There are many stories about him in Suzhou. It is said that there is a person and Tang Bohu is very good, to Tang Bohu asked for a painting, the painting is a pole of bamboo standing in the wind, the bamboo pole lying on a weaver. The man went home and hung the painting in his room. To the middle of the night, the person in his sleep by the weaver's bouts of screaming woke up, he climbed up, palmed the lamp around the snow to find, and finally found that, chirping non-stop weaver, actually is the one in the painting of Tang Pak Fu. Another time, Tang Pak Fu for a friend's fan painted three river shrimp, the friend loved. A boat trip, accidentally dropped the fan to the river, the fan on the surface of the three shrimp actually jumped from the fan to the river to swim away. These legends describe Tang Pak Fu's skill in painting.
The bumpy life of Tang Pak Fu formed his character of arrogance and disdain for the rich and powerful. In one of his poems, he said: "I wish to die of old age among flowers and wine, and I don't want to bow in front of cars and horses. He said in a poem: "I would like to die old, not to bow in front of carriages and horses." He said, "I would like to die old, not to bow in front of carriages and horses. This reflects his character of preferring to be poor rather than to follow the influence of others. The noble and arrogant world is bound to offend the dignitaries, therefore, Tang Pak Fu's life is not rich. In one of his poems, he said, "I have no room to laugh at the cones, but I have to write down the rivers and mountains", and he was so embarrassed that he had no place to stand. In another poem, he wrote: "The green hills and gray hair of the old fools, pen and ink career bitter food hard!" He directly and locally stated the situation of living in hardship. In 1523, at the age of 53, Tang Pak Fu died of poverty and illness. He was so poor that he could not afford to be buried, so he had to live in a temporary acne place next to his house. Nowadays, near the site of Tang Pak Fu's residence in Peach Blossom Dock, Suzhou, there is still an alley named "Tang Yin's grave". Until twenty years later, by Tang Pak Fu's friends and relatives to raise money to move the coffin of Tang Pak Fu buried in the west of the city Wangjia Village in Xieng Khouang.
Long years, more than four hundred years have passed, the people of Suzhou always remember this outstanding painter. In the 1980s, the Suzhou Municipal People's Government invested more than one million yuan to rebuild Tang Yin's tomb, and built a memorial hall at his gravesite, which was officially opened to the public in 1986 to display Tang Yin's deeds and his works.
Inside the Tang Yin Memorial Hall, there is a couplet that summarizes Tang Yin's life. It is copied as follows:
Asked Tang Qu painfully cry for what, even though the green cloud is hopeless, but won the high reputation of talent, in the generals and ministers above the princes and lords,
Following the Song Yu invocation of the soul, this Cang Tomb rebuilds, but also decorate the beauty of Xiengkhouang, for the lake and mountain flowers and moon altar Yen.
Afterword:
Because of its dashing and elegant, arrogant and unrestrained, and the rule of the seal "Jiangnan the first flowing talent" chapter, the painting of the ladies to the top, so it was misunderstood by later generations, leaving many legends of the flow, such as "Tong Pak Fu three points of the fragrance of the autumn incense", etc. In fact, he had a rough life, poverty, and the world's most important thing is that he had a good time. In fact, he had a rough life, poverty and misery, can be said to be our country's ancient intellectuals, unrecognized talent, no door to serve the country's typical. Said he had eight wives, I'm afraid it's just the descendants and his good wishes.
Tang Pak Fu was implicated in the case of fraud by the imperial court will have no intention of progress, to poetry, calligraphy, painting, wine, self-indulgence, life of debauchery, and even hanging out in brothels. However, he still thought highly of himself and carved a seal, calling himself "the first genius of Jiangnan".
No alchemy, no Zen, no businessman, no farming.
If I am not busy, I will write about the green hills and buy them, and I will not make money for the sins of the world.
After middle age, he was filled with bitterness because of his difficult experiences, so he returned to Buddhism to seek support.
The poem "Sighing for the World" shows his outlook on life at this time:
All things are left to God, so don't force yourself to do anything, why do you need to be so hard to use the machine.
It is always enough to be satisfied with three meals, and one sail is enough to be harvested.
When will you be able to get rid of all the things you've done, and when will you be able to get rid of all the things you've done?
It's better to settle the score than to tie it up, so let's turn back and look at the future.
At the end of his life, he was living in poverty, as evidenced by the following poem:
Ten days of rain and wind, he was in a coma, and his wife apprehended him and told him to go to bed.
It is believed that the old sky really teased me, no one came to buy the fan head poem.
Scribbling and despondent, he died quietly at the age of 54, and before he died, he wrote this poem:
Living in the world has a loose end, and there is no harm in dying in hell.
The world is similar to the realm of the living, but only as if drifting in a foreign land.