"Pipa Xing and Preface" by Bai Juyi
Original text
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, I moved to the left and became the Secretary of Jiujiang County. In the fall of the next year, I was seeing off a guest at the mouth of Penpu, when I heard the pipa player in the boat at night. When I listened to his voice, I heard the sound of Kyoto. Asked the person, the Chang'an advocate of women, tasted learning Pipa in Mu Cao two good talent. Older and weakened, committed to a woman for the Jia people. Then ordered the wine to make fast play a few songs. The song was pity, since the recounting of the joy of the young hours, now sinking and emaciated, turn to the jianghu Yu two years out of the government, quiet and at ease, feeling the words of the people, is the beginning of the evening feel the intention to move. Because of the long sentence song to gift, where six hundred and twelve words. The name is "Pipa Xing".
The Xunyang Jiangtou night to send guests, maple leaves and dirigible flowers in the fall.
The master dismounted from his horse and the guest was in the boat, and he raised his wine to drink without pipa.
Drunkenness is not a good thing, but it's a good thing that you're going to have a good time, and you're going to have a good time.
Suddenly, I heard the sound of a pipa on the water, and the master forgot to return to the ship.
Searching for the sound, I asked who was playing it, but the pipa sound stopped and I was too late to speak.
The boat was moved closer to the house, and the guests were invited to meet each other, and the banquet was reopened with more wine and lanterns.
This is the first time I've seen the pipa, but I'm still holding it.
The music of the Pipa is a little bit different from that of the Pipa, but it's a little bit different.
The strings of the pipa are so loud that they seem to be telling me that I have no ambition in my life.
Lowering the eyebrows and continuing the formalities, he said that there was no limit to what could be said in his mind.
They are the first to be used in the world, and they are the first to be used in the world, and they are the first to be used in the world.
The big strings are as noisy as the rain, and the small strings are like whispers.
Noisy, noisy, noisy, noisy, noisy, noisy, noisy, noisy, noisy, noisy, noisy, noisy, noisy.
The warbler's voice is slippery under the flowers, and the ice is hard to get down.
It is the first time that I have ever heard of a man who has been in the world for a long time, and I am sure that he will be able to do something about it.
There are other sorrows and dark hatreds, but at this time there is no sound, it is better than a sound.
The bottle of water is broken, and the iron horsemen are armed with swords and spears.
At the end of the song, the four strings are plucked and the sound is like a crack.
The east boat and the west boat were silent, but the moon was white in the center of the river.
The song was played in the middle of the strings, and the clothes were straightened and the face was restrained.
Saying that she was originally a woman from the capital, her family lived under the toadstools.
Thirteen years ago, I learned to play the pipa, and my name was the first one in the workshop.
When the song is over, I often teach the good talents to dress up, and my makeup is always envied by the Autumn Lady.
The young man of the Five Mountains is a young man, and his red image is not known.
The first time I saw you, I was so happy to see you, and I was so happy to see you, too.
This year's laughter will be followed by the next year's laughter, and the autumn, moon, and spring winds will be spent at leisure.
Being an army man, my aunt died, and the color was the same as in the past.
The oldest woman is married to a businesswoman.
The merchant is more interested in profit than in parting, and he went to buy tea in the month before last.
The boat is empty at the mouth of the river, and the moon is bright and the river is cold.
Deep in the night, I suddenly dreamed of a young man's life, and in my dreams, I cried tears of red appendages.
I heard the pipa sighing, and then I heard it again.
We are the same people at the end of the world, so why should we ever meet?
I resigned from the imperial capital last year, and I am now living in Xunyang City.
Xunyang is a remote place with no music, and you can't hear the sound of silk and bamboo for years.
Living near the pen river is low and wet, yellow reed bitter bamboo around the house.
What do you hear in the middle of the day and night, the azalea cries blood and the apes wail?
Spring river flowers towards the night of the autumn moon, often take the wine also pour alone.
Is there not a mountain song and a village flute, which is hard to hear?
When I heard you speak on the pipa tonight, it was like listening to immortal music.
It's a good thing I'm not sitting down to play a song, because I'm going to do it for you.
It was a long time ago that I was sitting on my feet, but the strings were turning fast.
It is not like the sound of the previous one, but the whole audience heard it again, and they all cried.
Who sobbed the most in the audience, the Secretary of Jiangzhou's blue shirt was wet.
Note
1, left relocation: deportation.
2, where: ****.
3, between the pass: the sound of birdsong.
4, shrimp toad mausoleum: the lower horse mausoleum, whose neighborhood is a gathering place for songstresses.
5. Qiu Niang: a common name for courtesans.
6, scrambling head: competing to give away property.
7, tin head silver grate: women's head ornaments.
8, floating beam: jingdezhen, jiangxi province.
9, vomit hoarse twitter: describe the sound hoarse messy piercing ears.
10, forward: just now.
11, green shirt: Tang officials to rank wearing different color clothing. Green shirt is the lowest level of clothing color.
12, Pen: (pén)
13, Banished: (zhé)
14, Di: (dí)
15, Cacophony: (cáo)
16, Grate: (bì)
17, Tin: (diàn)
Translation
In the 10th year of the Yuanhe era, I was relegated to Jiujiang as the Secretary of State. One night in the fall of the following year, I went to the mouth of Penpu to see off a friend, and I heard someone playing the lute in the boat, and the sound was very much like the rhythm of the capital. Asked the person, only to learn that she was originally a Chang'an Kabuki, once with Cao, Mu two masters to learn to play the pipa, age, posture decline, had to give a merchant as a wife. I then ordered to set up wine, so that she could play a few tunes freely. She finished playing and was very sad. She recounted the joys of her youth; but now she was haggard and wandering in the midst of the rivers and lakes! It has been two years since I was relegated from the capital, and I am in a peaceful mood, resting on my laurels. After listening to her words, this evening, I felt the taste of being relegated, and thus composed this long poem for her,*** counting six hundred and twelve words (actually the whole poem is six hundred and sixteen words), which is called Pipa Xing.
Evening at the Xunyang River to bid farewell to a friend, maple leaves and dirigible flowers, rustling and shaking in the autumn wind. The master dismounted his horse and went into his friend's boat, took up wine and tried to drink it, but there was no music to help him. Sullenly drunk, miserable to be parted, will be parted, will be parted, the vast river immersed in the bright moon. Suddenly the sound of a lute was heard floating over the water. The host forgot to go back, and the guest refused to get up.
Following the sound, he quietly inquired what kind of person was playing the lute; the sound of the lute ceased, and he wanted to speak but was slow to do so. Move closer to the ship and ask the man to meet you. Refill the wine, pick the lamp, and set up another banquet. Only after repeated calls did she come out of the cabin, still holding the lute and covering half of her face. Twisting the shaft, she plucked the silk strings two or three times, not yet playing a tune, already full of emotion. Every string is sighing, every sound is in contemplation, as if to tell the unhappy life, lowered eyebrows along with the hands continue to play ah, play, say all that infinite sad events. Gently gathered, slowly twisted, wiped and picked, the beginning of the play is "Nishang", later played "six a", thick strings noisy, as if it is a storm, fine strings cut, as if it is a child's whispering. Noisy, mixed into a piece, big pearl, small pearl, fell all over the jade disk. The yellow warbler at the bottom of the flower is shutting up - how fluently it calls out, and the spring under the ice is gulping - how hard it flows! When the water freezes, it also freezes the strings of the lute, and when the strings freeze, the sound stops for a while. In addition, it reveals a deep-seated sadness, which is more exciting without sound than with sound. Suddenly, a silver bottle is burst, and the water runs into it, suddenly killing a group of iron horsemen, and the swords and spears roar. The tune is played, take back the plectrum from the middle of the strings, four strings make the same sound, as if tearing silk. The east side of the west side of the boat boat are quiet no one said, only see a round of autumn moon in the heart of the river shining silver wave.
Doubtfully, she put down the pluck and inserted it into the strings again, straightened out her clothes, and stood up looking very solemn. She complained, "Originally a girl from the capital, my family lived near the Toadstool Tomb. At the age of thirteen, I learned the art of playing the pipa, and my name was registered in the first section of the teaching house. Played the song Yu, had won the praise of the master of the song, makeup and comb up, often caused Qiu Niang's jealousy. Wuling teenagers, scrambling to give gifts, a tune, in exchange for countless pairs of Wu damask Shu brocade. Playing the beat cracked the tin head cloud grate, eat wine splashed dirty blood-colored skirt. Laughter this year, laughter next year, gently through how many autumn nights and spring; brother from the army, aunt resigned from the world, ruthless time, took away the beautiful red face. The carriages and horses in front of the door are getting thinner and thinner, married a merchant and followed him here. The businessman is only interested in profit, not care about parting, and last month went to Fuliang, to buy tea for business. Leaving me at the mouth of the river, alone in this empty barn, the moonlight around the boat white as frost, the river water is also so cold. Late at night suddenly dreamed of the past as a teenager, full of tears, crying wake up more sad. ......"
I heard the lute sound already sigh, and heard these words more lamentable. The same is the disillusioned people living in a faraway place, touching together ah, once upon a time do not know that so what is the harm! Since I left the capital last year, relegated to Xunyang, has been sick. Xunyang this place is desolate and remote, which has music, all year round, can not hear the strings playing. Living near the Pen River, low-lying damp, around the yard, all grow some yellow reed bitter bamboo. In the morning and evening, what do you hear here? Apart from the wailing of the cuckoo, there are only the sad cries of the apes and monkeys. In the morning of the spring river and the moonlit night in the fall, we take out the wine, but we often drink to ourselves. Are there no mountain songs? And no village flute? The sound is really hard to hear! Tonight, when I heard the music you played on the lute, it was like listening to heavenly fairy music, and my ears were cleared. Please sit down and play another piece of music, and I will compose the lyrics for you, and the title will be Pipa Xing.
Standing long at my words, he sat down again and plucked the strings more sharply. The sound was so mournful, unlike the sound of a few moments ago, that the audience, full of people, could not help but weep. Which one of them cried the most sorrowful tears? Jiangzhou Sima's tears, ah, wet through the green shirt!
Analysis
The poet has made great efforts to portray the image of the pipa girl in this poem, through which he has y reflected the miserable fate of the insulted and damaged musical artists and entertainers in the feudal society, and expressed the feelings of "the same end of the world". In the beginning of the poem, it is written that "I sent a guest away on an autumn night", "I suddenly heard" "the sound of the pipa", so I "searched for the sound" and "secretly asked" "about the sound". So he "searched for the sound", "secretly asked", "moved his boat", "invited him to meet", and only after "a thousand calls" did the singing girl "After a thousand calls, the girl came out with her face half covered. This description of the twists and turns lays the foundation stone for the theme of "the end of the world".
The next part of the poem is a description of a pipa woman playing a piece of music to reveal her inner world. First, the "unfinished tune" is "sentimental", and then the "strings and strings" are "sounding with thoughts", which tells the whole story. Then, "the strings" and "the sound of thoughts" tell the story of the pipa girl, showing the ups and downs of her heart.
Then, the pipa girl tells of her own life: her skills were once taught to be "good and talented", her appearance was "made up and envied by every woman", and the young people in Kyoto "competed for her head". The young men of Kyoto were "fighting for their heads", and "a song of red raw silk is unknown". However, time flows on, "the color of the evening is gone, the morning is coming", and eventually she had to "marry a businesswoman". This kind of description, like a complaint, like admiration, like a sob, and her singing above complement each other, completing the image of the pipa woman.
Lastly, the poet's feelings were excited by the fate of the pipa woman, and he sighed, "We are the same people at the end of the world, why should we ever meet each other?", which expresses his sympathy for the same disease and his feelings for the same voice. The poem is bright and fast, reflecting step by step and embellishing everywhere.
Both endless, and landing theme. It's like the river tide, the waves rise and fall, and last for a long time. The repeated chanting, swinging people's chest, the flavor is infinite. The language is resounding and the metaphors are graphic. "Like rapid rain", "like whispers", "water pulp burst", "sword and gun", "pearls falling from a jade plate", "warbling flowers". Read it as if you heard it, as if you were there.
Bai Juyi (772-846) was a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The word Lotte, the number of Xiangshan Jushi, Mr. Drunken Yin. Ancestral home in Taiyuan (now belongs to Shanxi), great-grandfather Bai Wen moved to the lower part of the (now Shaanxi Weinan), so the lower part of the people. In his later years, he was the junior minister of the Crown Prince, posthumous name "Wen", and was known as Bai Fu, Bai Wen Gong. His grandfather, Mr. Yum, and his maternal grandfather, Mr. Chen Run, were both good at poetry. His father, Jigeng, was a magistrate in Pengcheng County, Xuzhou, and Beiga in Xiangzhou. Bai Juyi was born in Xinzheng, Zhengzhou (now Henan). At the age of 11, due to the war between the two rivers, he fled from Xingyang to Xuzhou Fuli (north of Su County, Anhui Province), and soon traveled south to Yuezhong to join his cousin, who worked as a lieutenant in Hangzhou. At the age of 15 or 16, he set his mind on being admitted to the imperial examination, and studied so hard that he developed sores on his tongue and calluses on his elbows. Later on, his father died and his mother fell ill, so he relied on his elder brother Bai Youwen's salary to support his family, and traveled between Poyang and Luoyang, which made his life quite hard. In the sixteenth year of his reign, at the age of 29, Bai Juyi was awarded the title of Scholar. In the eighteenth year (802), Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen both passed the examination of "Book Judge and Diocesan Section". Their friendship began at this time, and they became known as "Yuan Bai" in the poetry world. In the first year of Yuanhe (806), he was dismissed from the school. In the second year of Yuanhe (806), he was appointed as the manager of Jixian Academy. In November, he was authorized to be a bachelor of Hanlin Academy.
The following year authorized left pickup. In the fifth year, changed to Beijing Zhaowu Household Caojun, are still filling the Hanlin scholar. Drafting imperial edicts, involved in state secrets. In the sixth year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi stayed at home because of his mother's funeral, and returned to the capital to be the Crown Prince's Left Zanshan Daifu. In the 10th year of Yuanhe, the two river clans rebelled against the Tang Dynasty and sent their men to assassinate Chancellor Wu Yuanheng, who advocated the crusade against the clans. Bai Juyi was the first to petition for the urgent arrest of the murderer to avenge the national shame. However, he was attacked by the corrupt bureaucracy for overstepping his bounds and was relegated to the post of Secretary of Jiangzhou (present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province) on the trumped-up charge of "hurting the name and religion". This was a heavy blow to him. In the thirteenth year of the Yuanhe reign, he was reappointed as an assassin of Zhongzhou. In the fifteenth year, he was summoned back to the capital, and was appointed as a minister of the Department of Shangshu, and then moved to be the chief guest of the government, and was granted the title of "Letters Patent", and was promoted to be the head of the Central Committee of the Ministry of Education. Because of the national affairs of the day, the dynasty of cronyism, repeatedly petitioned to say things do not listen, in Changqing two years (822), requesting the appointment, out of Hangzhou for the assassin. Later, he was the governor of Suzhou for a short period of time. When he was in Hangzhou, he built a lake embankment to store water to irrigate more than a thousand hectares of fields, and dredged six wells in the city for drinking water. On the day of his departure from Suzhou, the people of the county saw him off with tears in their eyes. In the first year of Emperor Wenzong's reign (827), he was appointed as the Secretary General. In the following year, he was transferred to the Ministry of Justice. From the age of 58, Bai Juyi settled in Luoyang. He served as the guest of the crown prince, the governor of Henan province, and the junior minister of the crown prince. In the second year of Huichang (842), he was dismissed as minister of the Ministry of Justice. In Luoyang, he lived a life of drinking wine, playing qin, composing poems, traveling in the mountains and playing in the water, and "perching on the heart of a Buddhist monk". He often sang with the famous poet Liu Yuxi and was called "Liu Bai". In his comfortable old age, he still thought of the people. At the age of 73, he even contributed to the excavation of a rocky beach at Longmen to make it easier for ships to travel. He died two years later. He was buried at Pipa Peak, Xiangshan Mountain, Longmen (see colorful map of Bai Juyi's tomb in Luoyang, Henan Province). The poet Li Shangyin wrote the tomb inscription. It is now a tourist attraction. During his lifetime, Bai Juyi not only left behind nearly 3,000 poems, but also put forward a whole set of poetic theories. He compared poetry to a fruit tree, and put forward the famous thesis of "Root Feelings, Seedling Words, Flamboyant Sounds, and Practical Meaning" (A Book with Yuanjiu). Bai Juyi inherited the traditional poetic theory of "Poetry Scripture", which has always been the main theme in ancient China, and emphasized the realistic content and social role of poetry. He said: "Writings are written for the times, and songs and poems are composed for the events" (The Book with Yuanjiu). Bai Juyi lifetime, had his own poetry and literature for several compilations, the initial name of the Bai Changqing collection, later renamed the Bai's collection, *** collection of more than 3,800 pieces of poetry and literature, into 75 volumes, copying 5. Hidden in Lushan, Suzhou, Luoyang and its nephews, grandson's home, the end of the Tang dynasty turmoil, the copy scattered, and after the transfer of engraving and writing, has not been the original appearance. The earliest existing "Bai's collected works", is the Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing years (1131 ~ 1162) engraved, only 71 volumes, more than 3,600 poems (which is also mixed with dozens of other people's works), in 1955, literature and antiquity publication society had photocopied and published. Ming Wanli thirty-four years (1606), Ma Yuantiao re-engraved the White Changqing collection of 71 volumes, and Shaoxing this is basically the same. In addition, Japan's Nabatao Park in 1618 of the movable type over the Song carving (Commercial Press photocopies published), divided into before and after the collection, the content is also largely the same with the Shaoxing this. Qing Wang Li name is engraved "Bai Xiangshan poetry collection" 40 volumes, only poetry, no text, including anonymous "addendum" 2 volumes, and the original note outside the additional notes. 1979 China bookstore published Gu Xuejie proofreading "Bai Juyi collection", to shaoxing as the base, reference to the school of various books, to be revised; and the compilation of "outside the set of 2 volumes, collect anonymous poems and anonymous text, with biographies of the white, white collection of important preface and brief chronology. Research data, new and old "Tang Shu" has Bai Juyi's biography, Chen Zhensun, Wang Liming have written a chronology. The recent Chen Yincheng's "Yuan Bai poetry paper evidence draft" and Cen Zhongmian's "Bai's Changqing set of pseudo-texts", Bai Juyi's poems and texts have been examined and analyzed. The present generation of Wang Qianli, "The Life of Bai Juyi", and Zhu Jincheng, "The Chronicle of Bai Juyi". In 1962, the China Bookstore published Chen Youqin's Compendium of Classical Literature - Bai Juyi Volume, a collection of commentaries on Bai Juyi from the mid-Tang Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty. In addition, the Japanese Hanafusa Eiki's "Study of Bai Juyi" is an important reference book for the study of Bai Juyi.
Bai Juyi
Pipa Xing
Introduction of Bai Juyi
Bai Juyi (772-846) was a native of Xiangui (present-day Weinan County, Shaanxi Province). In the 15th year of Zhenyuan (798), he became a bachelor of Hanlin and a left picker. Because of his direct advice, he was deported to Jiangzhou, and then moved to Zhongzhou. Later, he was called to be the chief guest of the Imperial Household, and was granted the title of the Imperial Household. During the reign of Taihe, he became the guest of the crown prince and the junior minister of the crown prince. In the second year of Huichang (842), he was sentenced to the post of Minister of Justice, and died at the age of 75.
After Du Fu, Bai Juyi was an outstanding realist poet in ancient China. The seventy years of his life were a period of rapid development of various conflicts after the Anshi Rebellion, and a period of decline of the Tang Dynasty. The complex social reality was fully reflected in Bai Juyi's poems. There are nearly 3,000 poems by Bai Juyi in existence today, which is the largest number of poets in the Tang Dynasty. His achievements are mainly manifested in two aspects: political satirical poems, and long narrative poems represented by Song of Eternal Hatred and Pipa Xing. The first one reveals almost all the symptoms of the social sickness at that time in the bottom of his writing. The latter, on the other hand, has a detailed plot with twists and turns and a complete and distinctive characterization. The language and tone of the poem are particularly smooth and well-proportioned, beautiful and harmonious. This is a new type of poem, which was called "Thousand Character Rhythmic Poetry" at that time, and was widely circulated, just as Emperor Xuanzong Li Chen said: "A child can recite the song of everlasting hatred, and a hu'er can sing a piece of pipa". He is the author of the 71 volumes of Bai's Changqing ji (The Collection of Bai's Changqing).
In the 10th year of Emperor Xianzong Yuanhe of the Tang Dynasty (815), an important official of the imperial court, who had colluded with Wu Yuanji, a vassal of the Tang Dynasty, sent his men to assassinate the prime minister Wu Yuanheng, and the city of Chang'an was in a state of chaos. Bai Juyi, who was then serving as a minister in the Eastern Palace, could not be involved in the government, but he could not suppress his anger and wrote a letter to arrest the murderer, and was eventually relegated to the post of Secretary of Jiangzhou for exceeding his official duties and speaking on the matter. Five years later, Emperor Xianzong died and Emperor Muzong took the throne before he was transferred back to Chang'an.
Most of his poems are poems of leisure and sentimental poems. Sentimental poems: "Song of Long Hate" and "Pipa Xing"
Leisurely poems: "Farewell to the Ancient Plain Grass"
This was the period when he was "keeping himself to himself", combining Confucianism's "being happy with the sky and knowing the fate of the world", Taoism's "being contented with what you are and not being humiliated", and Buddhism's "all the four great emptinesses" as his magic weapon of "protecting oneself from the evils of the world". I'm sorry that I've been too strong in my thirties, and that I've had so many wrongs and wrongs in my life.
Late period
(i.e., he was demoted to be the Secretary of Jiangzhou until his death)
Mostly satirical poems. The representative work is "The Charcoal Seller"
This poem was written with the aim of "serving the people" and "helping the world" in mind.
Preliminary period
(From the time he joined the government to the time before he was relegated to the post of Secretary of Jiangzhou)
Poetry characteristics
Life characteristics
The period
Peak Juyi's life and poems
Representative works
Long Hate Song
Pipa Row
Row - a genre of ancient poems, which is a form of poetry. -A genre of ancient poetry. Song Wang Zhuo, Biji Man Zhi, Volume 1: "Ancient poetry is also known as "Lefu" (乐府), which means that poems can be sung. Therefore, there are songs and ballads, chants and quotes, and lines and songs in music." Zhao De Cao (赵德操)《北窗炙(guǒ)》卷上: "Where a song begins to sound, it is called a citation...... has been cited, and its sound is slightly released, so it is called a line. The line, the sound line also." Song, line, citation is an ancient song of the three open form, and later became a genre of ancient poetry, using the ancient style of five words, seven words, miscellaneous words.
Solution
The poem is preceded by a small preface,**** one hundred and thirty-eight words. It gives a brief account of the time, place, characters and the main story, summarizes the life of Pipa, explains the motive for writing the poem, and sets the emotional tone of the poem as a poignant and sad one. This poem is a long narrative poem with strong lyrical color.
Read the preface to the poem and familiarize yourself with the meaning of the text. ......
Dreaming of tears in the red appendage
We're both from the same world, and we've met before
The pipa line for you
But the strings are fast
All the people in the audience sighed when they heard it
Playing pipa
Tuning the strings to the tune of the pipa, the love of the song came out.
Playing the famous lute song, pouring out sadness
Pearls falling from the jade plate, eager and happy
Sophisticated and condensed, sorrowful and hateful
Iron horsemen protruding, exciting and majestic
The song ends abruptly
The moon is white in the river's heart, and the aftermath of the song is infinite
(Overture)
(General)
(First section)
(The first section)
(The first section)
The first part of the lute song is a song of the pipa, and it is a piece of the pipa, and it is an important part of the music of the pipa.
(Second Canto)
(Third Canto)
(Finale)
(Charm)
Contrast
The third part of the poem, "The Bitterness of Self-Accusation", was written in order to portray the typical image of a woman who has been toyed with and insulted in the feudal society, and to complain about the world's preference for sex over talent, and her husband's preference for profit over love, which is a contrasting technique. The part of the story uses the technique of comparison and contrast.
Youthfulness
Elderly disillusionment
Marketable
Youthfulness
Young beauty
Laughter
Only empty boat
Today's pain
Old age
Weary age
A drifted in the rivers and lakes of the once-famous Kyoto, the red hot courtesans of Chang'an. She was young and happy, but now she is old and old." The society which emphasizes on sex and profit makes the Pipa girl, who is excellent in both sexes and arts, "stay alone on the empty boat", reflecting the miserable fate of the insulted and damaged courtesans in the feudal society. She has a kind of mature beauty which is "having crossed the ocean", but still she has not lost her honesty and female reserved and dignified style. __
The same people are at the end of the world, and we have known each other before.
How to Understand the Image of Pipa Woman
The poet's purpose of portraying Pipa Woman is only to better express his own hatred for the fallen people at the end of the world.
Why did the poet write this image
Theme
The Pipa Xing is a long narrative poem in the form of a song, which is quite lyrical, and it is the masterpiece of Bai Juyi's poems of sentimentalism. To appreciate the poem, we need to accurately and y grasp the artistic image. Long narrative poems are often used to express themes through characterization.
"Pipa Xing" is the story of the poet's encounter with a wandering Chang'an courtesan, who is touched by the sound of her instrument and her miserable life.
__ One is a geisha at the bottom of the feudal society, and the other is a repressed real intellectual, although their statuses are different, they naturally have strong feelings and exchanges in this clear environment, and they become soulmates, which shows the progressive idea of respecting the personality of the geisha. The encounter between the two reveals the darkness of the feudal society that represses talent and does not allow the virtuous." The same is the end of the world down people, meet why ever know each other" contains many can make people from the sadness of the sweet philosophy of life, has transcended the times, class limitations, become the future generations of people who have suffered from the encounter with the same voice ***. (Aesthetic value, practical significance)
Review the whole text, expanding the theme
First (implicitly): the poet sends the guest to hear the qin
"Drunkenness is not a joyful misery will be parted" (implying degradation)
"The host forgets to return to the guest does not send" (side accent on the qin skills)
Second (explicitly): each other to meet the pipa girl playing "Neishang" "six youngest" (detailed).
The pipa girl describes her life
The poet describes "the intention of banishment"
The third time (explicitly), "I feel my words", "but I sit down and urge the strings to be strung" (briefly)
"Jiangzhou Sima's green shirt is wet" (a side reference)
"The same people who have fallen down from the ends of the earth"
To echo the words of the pipa girl
(to make the main theme clear)
The pipa girl plays "Nishang", "Liuxiao". Three times
In Pipa Xing, it is written: "The big strings are as noisy as rain, and the small strings are as sweet as whispers. The cacophony of the big strings is like a rainstorm, the small strings are like whispers. The cacophony of the small strings is like a whisper. The cacophony of the big strings and the cut of the small strings, in the end, what kind of sound, the reader is difficult to imagine, but compared to the urgent rain, compared to whispers, compared to the size of the pearl falling on the jade plate knocked out of the sound, can make the reader feel that the two strings of the wonderful each with its own characteristics. The poem also uses "between the warbler's words under the slippery flowers, the phantom spring flow under the ice is difficult" as a metaphor for the flow of the tune and condensed, and "the silver bottle is broken at first and the water bursts, the iron horsemen protruding swords and spears" as a metaphor for the tune's high and majestic, which are all the pipa's sound depicted to the fullest. In Yuan Zhen's "Pipa Song", "Tears are hanging down and the vermilion string is wet, the icy spring is whimpering and the warbler is shrieking", and in Li Shen's "Sorrowful Good Talent", "Autumn blows and shakes the goddess's peals, and the moon pearl strikes the crystal plate", and "The moon pearl strikes the crystal plate". In Li Shen's "Sadness for Shan Cai", "Autumn blows and shakes the goddess's belt, and the moon beads strike the crystal disk", all of them are also using sound as a metaphor for sound. Yuan poetry is earlier than Bai Poetry, Bai Poetry "Ying language" two lines, may be influenced by Yuan Poetry, but better than Yuan Poetry.
Appreciation of the musical description of Pipa Xing
The use of sound as a metaphor for sound does not mean that the sound is exactly the same, but it should not be too viscous. For example, "warbler" is "under the flower", "spring" is "under the ice", "bottle" is "silver bottle", "horse" is "iron horse", "pei" is "goddess's pei", "plate" is "crystal plate", etc. Some of them are not directly related to the sound, but can make people think of the beauty of music from them.
Description of music, in addition to more use of metaphor, but also the use of other techniques. A common technique is the use of the word "chi" ("妙语点睛"), which is also used in music.
"Pipa Xing" reads: "Three or two strings are plucked on the turn of the axle, and there is a feeling before the tune. The strings cover up the sound of thoughts, which seems to tell of a lifetime of frustration. Lowering my eyebrows, I continue to play, saying all the infinite things in my heart." And also wrote: "There is a secret sorrow and hatred, but at this time no sound is better than sound." Music is used to express feelings. A good player of music can express his sorrow or joy through playing. An expert listener can also understand the feelings of the player and be affected by the tune. If the listener and the player have the same mood, the feeling will be very strong. Bai Juyi is really an expert in listening to music, he already felt that the strings were full of feelings when the pipa was not yet in tune, he heard the pipa girl's infinite thoughts in the process of playing, and at the end of the performance, he heard the sound of the strings, and the sadness that was revealed in a silent place.
Bai Juyi and the pipa lady had similar encounters, so he was moved to tears. Here, the metaphor is not enough, the poet will directly come forward to explain the music. The poet's explanation is like a dragon's eye, pointing to a wonderful place. Just a little bit, it suggests the infinite content of the music." The phrase "the tune is not yet in tune, but first has a feeling" and "no sound at this time is better than sound" has become a wonderful phrase that has been recited for thousands of years. As an aside, some ancient people blamed Bai Juyi for not entering the boat of a divorced woman in the middle of his banishment, thinking that it violated the law of etiquette. We believe that Bai Juyi's ability to break through the feudal hierarchical concepts and treat a lowly pipa girl as an equal, comparing his own career difficulties with her encounters as a former advocate's daughter and today's businesswoman, is a very rare and precious thing. China's ancient poets have the tradition of comparing themselves to the beauty of the grass, but most of them are compared to the purity of the young girl or noble noblewoman, comparing themselves to the Kabuki is less common.
This technique is also used in the book Listening to the Book at Minghuju. Write white girl began (sing) the scene, "the sound is not very big, only feel into the ear has an indescribable wonderful situation: five viscera and six bowels, like an iron ironed, no place is not comfortable; 36,000 pores, like eating ginseng fruit, no pore is not happy." This is also a direct statement of the author's feelings, but with the use of metaphors. Pipa Xing" is about music, but it is not about music, it is about people, it is about lamenting the miserable life of the pipa girl and expressing her dissatisfaction. Listening to a Book at the Minghu Residence" only describes the beauty of the singing voice, but not the sound of the strings. Compared to the two, I think "Pipa Xing" is better.
Pipa Xing By Bai Juyi
In the 10th year of the Yuanhe era, I was relegated to Jiujiang as the Secretary of State. One night in the fall of the second year, to Penpu to send a friend, heard someone playing the lute in the boat, the sound, clanging longitudinal, very much the flavor of the capital. Asked the person, only to learn that she was originally a Chang'an kabuki, once with Cao, Mu two masters to learn to play the pipa, age, posture decline, had to give a merchant as a wife. I then ordered to set up wine, so that she could play a few tunes freely. She finished playing and was very sad. She recounted the joyful scenes of her youth; but now, she was emaciated, and was tossed about in the midst of the rivers and lakes! It has been two years since I was relegated from the capital, and I am in a peaceful mood, resting on my laurels. After listening to her words, this evening, I felt the taste of being relegated, and thus composed this long poem for her,*** counting six hundred and twelve words (according to: actually the whole poem is six hundred and sixteen words), called Pipa Xing.
Yuanhe ten years, I left to move Jiujiang County Secretary. In the fall of next year, when I was seeing off a guest at the mouth of Penpu, I heard a pipa player in a boat at night, and when I listened to his voice, I heard the sound of Kyoto in a clanking manner. Asked the person, this Chang'an advocate of female, tasted learning pipa in Mu, Cao two good talent; older color decline, committed to the Jia people's women. So he ordered some wine and played a few songs. When the song was over, I felt sorry for her. Since the recounting of the joys of a young man, now emaciated, migrating between the rivers and lakes. I have been out of the government for two years, and I am at peace with myself. Feeling the words of the people, is the evening began to feel the intention to move banishment. Because of the long sentence, song to gift, where six hundred and twelve words, named "Pipa Xing".
Evening in the Xunyang River to send off friends, maple leaves and dirigible flowers, rustling in the autumn wind. The master dismounted from his horse and walked into his friend's boat, picking up the wine to drink, but there was no music to cheer him up.
Xunyang Jiangtou sends off the guest at night, maple leaves and ogi flowers in the fall. The master dismounted from his horse and the guest was in the boat, and there was no music to drink.
Being drunk and miserable, I was about to part ways, and when I did, the moon was immersed in the vast waters of the river. Suddenly the sound of a lute was heard floating on the water. The host forgot to go back, and the guest refused to get up. Following the sound, he quietly inquired what kind of person was playing the lute; the sound of the lute stopped, and he wanted to speak but was slow to do so.
Drunkenness is not a joyful and miserable parting, the parting is vast and the river is drenched in moonlight. I heard the sound of the pipa on the water, and the host forgot to return to the guest. The first time I heard it, I asked who was playing it, but the sound of the pipa stopped and I was late.
Moving closer to the boat, I asked the man to meet me. Only after repeated calls did she come out of the cabin, still holding the lute and covering half of her face.
The boat was moved closer to the other side of the ship, and the banquet was reopened with more wine and more lamps. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that, but I'm going to be able to do it, and I'm going to be able to do it.
Twisting the axle, plucked two or three silk strings, not yet played into the tune, already full of emotion. Every string is sighing, every sound is in contemplation, as if to tell not pleased with the body, lowered eyebrows with the hand continue to play ah, play, say all that infinite sad events.
The spindle plucking string three or two sound, not yet tune first have feelings. The string of strings to hide the sound of thoughts, seem to complain of life is not ambition. The company's website is a great source of information about the company's products and services, and the company's website is a great source of information about the company's products and services.
Gently gathered, slowly twisted, and wiped and picked, the beginning of the play is "Nishang", and later played the "Six Mansions", the thick string noise, as if it is a storm, fine string cut, as if it is a child whispering. Noisy, mixed into a piece, big pearl, small pearl, fell all over the jade disk. The yellow warbler at the bottom of the flower is shutting up - how fluently it calls out, and the spring water under the ice is swallowing - how hard it flows! When the water freezes, it also freezes the strings of the lute, and when the strings freeze, the sound stops for a while. In addition, it reveals a deep-seated sadness, which is more exciting without sound than with sound. Suddenly burst a silver bottle, the water pulp ran into, suddenly killed a group of iron horsemen, swords and guns roar.
Lightly and slowly flicked wipe again pick, first for the "Nishang" after the "six youngest". The big strings are as noisy as the rain, and the small strings are like whispers. The first time I saw this was when I was a kid, and it was the first time I'd ever seen a kid in the world. The warbler's words are slippery underneath the flowers, and the water springs go down to the beach under the pharynx. The water springs are cold and the strings are frozen, and the sound will not be heard for a while. There is no sound at this time that is better than sound. The bottle is broken and the water bursts out, and the iron horsemen protrude with their swords and spears.
The song finished, take back the plectrum from the middle of the strings across, four strings issued the same sound, like tearing silk. The east side of the west side of the boat are quiet no one said, only to see a round of autumn moon in the heart of the river shining silver wave.
At the end of the song, the four strings made a single sound like tearing silk. The east boat and the west boat are silent, only see the white moon in the center of the river.
Doubtfully put down the plectrum and inserted into the strings, straightened out his clothes, stood up and looked very solemn. She told: "Originally a girl in the capital, the family lives near the toadstool tomb.
Mulling over the strings of the plectrum, and straightening his clothes, he got up and gathered the guests. I'm not sure if I've ever seen a woman in the capital, but I've been living in the neighborhood of Toadstools.
At the age of thirteen, I learned the art of playing the pipa, and my name was registered in the first section of the workshop. Played the song Yu, had won the praise of the master of the song, makeup comb up, often caused Qiu Niang's jealousy.
Thirteen learned the pipa into, the name of the first part of the workshop. The first time I saw the pipa, I was able to get it to work, and it was the first time I saw the pipa, and it was the first time I saw it to work.
Wuling teenagers, scrambling to give gifts, a song, in exchange for countless pi Wu damask Shu brocade. The beat of the drummer shattered the tin-head cloud grate, and the wine splashed the blood-colored skirt.
Wuling's young men were fighting for the head, a song of red raw silk did not know the number. The first time I saw you, I was so happy to see you, and I was so happy to see you.
This year's laughter, next year's laughter, gently through how many autumn nights and spring; brothers from the army, aunts resigned from the world, merciless time, took away the beautiful red face.
This year's laughter again next year, the autumn moon and spring breeze idle degree; brother from the army aunt died, twilight go to the morning color is the same!
The carriages and horses in front of the door are getting thinner and thinner, and I married a merchant and followed him here. The businessman is only interested in profit, which cares about the parting, and last month went to Furlong, to buy tea for business