Since 2004, China's third consecutive to agriculture, rural areas, farmers as the theme of the central "No. 1 document", showing that the central leadership of the determination to solve the "Three Rural" problem. As a planning worker's responsibility is incumbent upon him, but the village planning is different from the city planning, the village planning of Pinghu area is also different from the village planning of mountainous and hilly areas. Wangcheng County, Pinghu area through the field investigation of village planning and construction. The following several emergent problems are worth thinking about:
First of all, a large number of performance projects appear in the planning and construction. One of the principles of village and town construction is to oppose formalism, insist on economizing, oppose large-scale demolition and construction, and advocate ecological construction. But planning workers are still using outdated urban planning methods to carry out village and town planning, in villages and towns in the construction of living quarters, building large plazas, wide roads, small houses, resulting in planning and construction of a lot of formalism in the construction, performance engineering.
Secondly, Hunan village planning some preparation methods and methods are still not perfect. Although Changsha has its own preparation methods and results requirements, but the specific villages to make specific guidelines, coupled with the time and economic requirements of the village construction, making the planning and design staff of the Pinghu region village towns limited understanding, but also led to the later work of the lack of investment, contributing to the destructive construction of villages and towns. The construction of villages and towns in the Pinghu region requires more protection of basic farmland and ecology, so that local economic, social and cultural conditions can be developed in a coordinated manner, rather than a mere change of form.
The emergence of all these problems requires us planners to plan the villages and towns in Pinghu region from a different perspective. This paper takes Jinggang Town in Wangcheng County as an example and explores the use of the concept of "anti-planning" in village planning.
2 "anti-planning" theory
2.1 "anti-planning" theory interpretation
With the accelerated increase in the level of urbanization, on the one hand, the rapid expansion of the city scale, the rapid development of urban secondary and tertiary industries; On the other hand, cities are facing some new problems, such as the deterioration of the urban ecological environment and the gradual decrease of the suitability of the urban habitat. In order to find an effective way to solve the deteriorating urban environmental problems, Prof. Yu Kongjian from the School of Landscape Planning and Design of Peking University put forward the planning and design concept of "anti-planning".
The term "anti-planning" first appeared in the article "On anti-planning and urban eco-infrastructure construction" (Yu Kongjian, Li Dihua 2002), which is a new working method of urban planning and design, that is, urban planning and design should first start from the planning and design of non-constructed land, rather than the traditional construction land planning. land use planning.
"Anti-planning" is not about not planning, nor is it about opposing planning. The "anti-planning" emphasizes a reverse planning process, negative planning results, is a correction of the traditional planning, not against the traditional planning, its planning thinking is discursive thinking, is reflective thinking, is reversible thinking.
The "anti-planning" approach tries to comprehensively solve the problems of national ecological security, rural road problems, rural characteristics and rural functional forms by establishing a landscape security pattern that guarantees the safety and health of natural and human processes.
2.2 "Counter-planning" Approach
The "counter-planning" approach should start from the non-construction land in villages and towns, and prioritize the planning and design of ecological infrastructure in the countryside, including the maintenance and strengthening of the continuity of the overall landscape pattern, the protection and establishment of diversified vernacular ecosystems, and the establishment of a safe and healthy landscape security pattern. This includes maintaining and strengthening the continuity of the overall landscape pattern, protecting and establishing diversified native ecosystems, maintaining and restoring the natural form of the river system, and protecting and restoring the wetland system. It is also the process of establishing a security pattern of rural ecological and humanistic landscape, guaranteeing the security of homeland ecological security, national cultural identity, religious beliefs, land beliefs, and folk grassroots beliefs, and creating conditions for building a harmonious society.
3The use of the concept of "anti-planning" in the village and town planning of Pinghu region
Traditional village and town planning is always to predict the population scale first, and then to determine the scale of land use according to the relevant national norms, to start from the land used for construction of villages and towns, to draw the red line of the land used for the construction of villages and towns, to determine the location of the settlements and their scales, and to make the ecological environment protection and ecological infrastructure construction of villages and towns only to be left behind. Environmental protection and ecological infrastructure construction in villages and towns are only passive embellishments, which are subsequent and secondary, and this planning expects to start from another angle. After repeated thinking, we believe that "anti-planning theory" is a new idea worth trying.
3.1 Project Introduction
Jinggang Town belongs to the masswan area, and most of it is a flat lake area. According to the Master Plan of Jinggang Town of Wangcheng County (2006 -2020), the current population of the town is 33,570, the current population of the town area is 6,600 (including 2,900 people in the old town area, and the new and old town areas are about 6km apart), and the planned population of the town is 9,000 in the near future, and 15,500 in the long term. The total area of the town is about 45.8km2, the current built-up area is 40.6hm2, and the planned built-up area is 143.9hm2.
3.1.1 Nature and Function of the Town
According to the comprehensive analysis of the natural characteristics of the town of Jingang, the development goal and the function of the town, the nature of the town will be determined as follows: the town's political, economic, and cultural service center; the radiation of the villages in the town. The nature of Jingang Town is defined as: the political, economic and cultural service center of the town; the agricultural and trading town with tourism service which radiates the villages in the town and serves the "three rural areas". The new town is close to the ancient town tourism area, mainly for tourism reception and tourism product processing services, is the town of tourism services logistics base.
3.1.2 Ecological infrastructure of the town
The components of ecological infrastructure of the town mainly include: mountains, water, rural green space system, forest ecosystems, farmland system, and nature reserve system and so on. For Jinggang Town, the establishment of the town ecological security pattern is to establish a virtuous cycle of ecosystems "with a river and a lake (Xiangjiang River, Weishui River, Tuntou Lake) and its surrounding ecological control area as the ecological chain, with farmland, woodlands, wetlands as the *** living organism". It is the space security guarantee to realize the strategic goal of Jinggang town development.
3.2 Main Issues to be Solved in Planning
3.2.1 Scale determination and functional division of labor in the central township, ancient township and villages;
3.2.2 Relationship between the development of the township and the siting of the settlements and the protection of the basic farmland;
3.2.3 Reasonable allocation of ecological infrastructure in the villages and townships;
3.2.3 Rational allocation of ecological infrastructures in the villages and towns;
3.2.4 The characteristics of ancient township; and the development of the township. 3.2.4 The protection and rational development of the characteristics of ancient towns;
3.2.5 Constructing the ecological landscape security pattern of the garden scenery and establishing the characteristics of the rural city.
3.3 Specific application of the theory of "anti-planning"
3.3.1 Application of "anti-planning" on the nature of villages and towns and the division of functions
Because the whole town is in the hinterland of the center of Dangduanwan, and the cultivated land area is relatively wide, so it is also included in Changsha City's Baili District. Therefore, it is also included in the scope of the 100-mile aquatic corridor of Changsha City. On the one hand, the township has a long history of old towns and a better transportation location of new towns, and on the other hand, the township also has to face the problem of weak radiation.
Based on these factors, the plan considers the use of "anti-planning" theory to establish a rural ecological and human landscape security pattern, and protect the existing ecological resources and tourism resources. In the nature of the town and the division of functions put forward the overall development framework, the use of Jinggang existing resource advantages, with the ancient town tourism and "100 miles of aquatic corridor" and other industries as the basis for economic development, the formation of an open structure system. Realize the point with the axis, the axis with the surface, so that the Jinggang town's economy to improve comprehensively.
Specific measures include: on the one hand, focus on strengthening the construction of the center of the town, enhance the center of the town's gathering and radiation function; on the other hand, actively develop the ancient town tourism base, focus on the construction of the "100-mile aquatic corridor", adjusting the structure of the agricultural industry, and the development of urban agriculture. Improve the supporting service facilities of rural settlements. The village division of labor, the development of key features, the formation of functional, reasonable structure, beautiful environment, the village system.
The plan is based on the general requirements of Jinggang Town village development, adhere to the natural conditions and the current situation of the foundation as a prerequisite, market-oriented, in order to optimize the allocation of resources and regional development of the overall and long-term interests for the purpose of based on the comparative advantages of the local area and the town on the basis of the economic zoning, scientifically and reasonably determine the township of the villages and the main functions.
This plan divides Jingang Township villages and townships into three functional levels: the central market town area (Jingang New Town and Ancient Township Tourism Base), the central villages (Fusheng Village and Nongxi Village), and the grassroots villages (Jinsheng Village, Futang Village, Qianbong Village, Xinfeng Village, and Shihao Village).
3.3.2 Application of "anti-planning" on land use
Jinggang Township has a total area of 45.8km2, of which the township's arable land area of 24.8km2, fishery aquaculture bases of 6.5km2, which can be seen that the arable land accounted for more than half of the entire township area, and the arable land are high-yield and high-quality rice! farmland.
In the case of increasing shortage of land resources in China, the establishment of national ecological security pattern has been urgent. Land use planning and design should start from the following aspects:
(1) Delineation of ecologically sensitive control areas, especially ecological farmland areas should be protected, and non-agricultural construction should be prohibited;
(2) Selection of land for town construction, with the principle of respecting the site factors, integrating the original villages, and adopting the layout pattern of group structure in combination with ecological farmland;
(3) Strictly control the construction land of settlements, and organize some areas to return homes to farmland, centralize the construction of dispersed residences, relocate and merge small natural villages that are in low-lying terrain into central villages or market town areas, and reform the withdrawn land into arable land;
(4) set up a comprehensive evaluation system of land resources, and carry out a scientific and reasonable comprehensive evaluation of various types of land resources in the region, so as to provide a planning, development and utilization of land provide the basis for the planning, development and utilization of land.
3.3.3 Constructing Ecological Infrastructure of Villages and Towns by Using "Counter-Planning"
Ecological infrastructure is the basic guarantee for maintaining the safety and health of the land as well as for obtaining continuous natural services (ecological services) for towns and residents, and it is the rigid restriction that towns and towns can't violate in expanding and utilizing the development of the land.
Jinggang Town is located in Duandwan, a typical flat lake area, which makes it all the more necessary to establish a security pattern of ecological infrastructure. In our planning, we take the corridor as the main structural framework of the ecological infrastructure. The corridor in landscape ecology refers to the linear or ribbon landscape elements that are different from the surrounding landscape matrix, and it is mainly composed of vegetation, water bodies and other ecological structural elements.
Because of the special topographic conditions, Jingang Township has a very obvious advantage in the construction of ecological infrastructure. The township is crisscrossed with roads, water canals, and farmland protection forest belts, forming a good ecological foundation.
(1) Traffic corridor: the road traffic greenway developed along Gaoqiao Avenue, Jingge Line, Zhongge Line, etc. can not only reduce and buffer the negative impact of traffic on the town, but also create favorable conditions for the establishment of an ecological town.
(2) River water corridor: Jinggang Town is rich in water resources and has vast water surface. The planning suggests the establishment of ecological protection green belts and recreational greenways along Xiangjiang River, Weishui Mute River, Tuntou Lake, 100-mile aquatic corridors and irrigation canals.
(3) Farmland Protection Green Belt Corridor: Jinggang Town is the high-quality rice grain production base of Changsha City, and the establishment of farmland windbreak forests is aimed at protecting the ecological security of the country and grain production, and it is also an important factor in the construction of the earth's landscape characteristics of Jinggang Town.
(4) Other infrastructures such as gas pipelines, water supply and power supply are flanked by greenways to maintain the local natural ecology and promote the restoration of ecological functions through ecological design and transformation of artificial infrastructures.
3.3.4The use of "anti-planning" on the protection of the characteristics of the ancient town
Jingang Ancient Town is located at the junction of the Xiangjiang River and the old Weishui River, separated from the new town area by only 6km, which is a thousand-year old town, and it has been identified as the Changsha Famous Town of History and Culture in 2004, and it has been included in the city's top ten tourist classic scenic spots (points) for development in 2005. The town has been recognized as a famous historical and cultural town in Changsha in 2004, and has been included in the city's top ten tourism classic scenic spots in 2005.
Jinggang Ancient Town has a long history and deep cultural heritage, and its important historical and cultural connotations include:
(1) The historical events of Tang Li Jing's Pingxiao Mou and Zeng Guofan's defeat of the Taiping Army.
(2) Prosperous folk culture. Food culture: Jingang Xianggan, fire-peeled fish, eight bowls, temple snacks, southern noodles, etc.; traditional handicrafts: paper umbrellas, wooden clogs, paper-cutting, brown weaving, Hunan embroidery, etc.; traditional arts: shadow puppetry, dragon dance, bamboo horse lanterns, ground flower drums, fisherman's drums, popping lyrics, flower-drum playing and singing, flower lanterns, etc.
(3) The traditional architectural layout of "eight streets, four alleys and seven piers".
(4) Jingang Old Street, Ziyun Palace, Yangsi Temple, Guanyin Temple, Banyin Hall Linhe Stage, Ningxiang Guild Hall, Hongtai Square, the former site of Liang Hongfa Umbrella Factory, Jiangxi Guild Hall, Yuyintang, and other existing traditional buildings.
Ancient town protection planning is an important part of the master plan, the protection of ancient towns based on the theory of "anti-planning" is conducive to the establishment of the security pattern of the vernacular culture. In order to achieve reasonable protection and development effect, first of all, we should establish the historical and cultural ecological safety zone of the ancient town, prohibit the construction of new residential houses, rebuild part of the ancient buildings, and maintain the traditional street and regional style. Secondly, the construction of the surrounding ecological environment should be strengthened to connect the historical landscape and cultural heritage through natural and humanistic landscape elements, thus realizing the overall protection of the cultural heritage and its environment, and combining it with ecological functions and the functions of recreation, education, aesthetics and enlightenment.
4Conclusion
Through the application of the theory of "anti-planning" in the planning of Pinghu area, we can fully ensure that the natural and humanistic landscape and ecosystems of the vast countryside in Pinghu area are well protected at the same time of the implementation of the construction of the new countryside, which will be conducive to the sustainable development and the development of the "two types" of the Pinghu area. "two-type" (environment-friendly and resource-saving) society.
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