Yonghe six years (141 years) made twenty-four Taoist books, calling themselves "Taiqing Xuanyuan", the Taoist, must be five buckets of rice, then known as "five buckets of rice Tao". In the first year of Emperor An of Han Dynasty (142 years), Zhang Ling claimed that Emperor Taishang Laojun had descended in person, and awarded "three days of righteousness", and was named "Heavenly Master". In the same year, he also awarded "the first section of the art to be Taoist law", "the first alliance of Wei Miaojing", re "three days of the Master Zhengyi real people". And also said that Tai Shang Laojun in the second year of Emperor An Di of Han under the twenty-four rules (Buhua to perform Taoist regional institutions): the upper eight rules, the middle eight rules, the lower eight rules, asked the celestial master Zhang Daoling to carry out the Buhua. Zhang Daoling used talismanic water and incantation to cure people's diseases. He also taught the people the method of taking salt, which was later called "Lingjing" (boiling salt with salty well water). The people were benefited and worshiped him as a heavenly master, with tens of thousands of disciples. And then the establishment of the priests, the households, as Zaishou; and set up a system, so that the disciples with the matter of rotation out of rice, silk, utensils, woodcutting firewood, etc.; do not impose penalties, to the good way to rule the people. Make a sick person secretary of the crimes committed since birth, handwritten book thrown into the water, and the gods **** alliance, not to repeat the crime, to life and death as a covenant.
Zhang Ling worship "Laozi five thousand texts", "Taiping Dongji Jing" as the main classics, and wrote "Laozi want to Er Note", proclaiming that the ruler according to the "Taoist idea" of ruling the country, the peace; according to the "Taoist idea" of ruling the people. The people that is Shoukou.
Ling died, passed on his son Heng, called the heir. The first is a new generation of the "Duke of the West", who is now the first in the history of the world to be born.
Zhang Lu (张鲁字公棋)(?i-216), was the son of Han Dynasty's first emperor. In the second year of Emperor Xian's Chuping reign (191), Liu Yan, the governor of Yi Zhou, appointed Zhang Lu as the governor of Yi Si Ma, and together with Zhang Xiu, the governor of Bei Bu, they attacked Su Gu, the governor of Hanzhong. Later on, Lu killed Xiu and his men, and started to rule Hanzhong, promoting the Way of the Five Pieces of Rice and the unification of politics and religion. "Zhang Lu, who had been a disciple of his ancestors, set up a righteous house in his district to provide free food and lodging for passers-by, and was lenient to those who broke the law three times, and only punished them if they committed the same offense again. The Yishang was used as a place for the people to think about their faults, and was decorated with the "Three Officials' Prayer Requests", in which the names of the patients were written and their intention to serve their sins, and three passages of the book were made: one of them was up in the sky and written on the mountain; one of them was buried in the ground; and one of them was sunk in the water, which was called the "Handwritten Letter of the Three Officials". And according to the monthly order of the implementation of the spring and summer ban on killing; and ban on alcohol, the history of the "people will be happy".
In the 20th year of Jian'an (215), Cao Cao conquered Hanzhong, and Zhang Lu fled to Bazhong, where he sealed his coffers and surrendered. Cao Cao rewarded Zhang Lu's goodwill, "sent an envoy to comfort", and worshiped Zhang Lu as Zhennan General, sealed Langzhong Marquis moved back to the Central Plains. All of Zhang Lu's sons were appointed as marquis, but Zhang Sheng, the son of the first Lan, failed to become the Marquis of Duting because of his determination to cultivate himself. Zhang Lu then ordered his successor to teach, the scripture policy seal sword passed to Zhang Sheng, instructed that: "Longhu Mountain ancestor XuanTan in the place. The place where the star of heaven should shine, the earth's gas is condensed, the gods and men are, Dan Zao secret text hidden in the caverns, you should live to declare my chemical". By the Longhu Mountain Taoism stretches dry hundred years.
The main sect of early Taoism. Commonly known as "Wu Dou Mi Dao", also known as "Tian Shi Dao". Later, it was known as "Zheng Yi Dao" or "Zheng Tian Shi Dao". Since then, it has been known as "Zheng Yi Dao" or "Zheng Yi Shi Dao". It was founded by Zhang Daoling (or Zhang Ling), a native of Feng, Peiguo (present-day Feng County, Jiangsu Province), around the sixth year of the reign of Emperor Shun of the Han Dynasty (141) in Shu. Zhang Ling passed on his Tao to his son Zhang Heng, who in turn passed it on to his son Zhang Lu. The three were known as "Three Zhangs" in later Taoism. In later times, one of his sons was called "Zhang Tianshi" (Heavenly Master Zhang).
The origin of the name "Five Pieces of Rice Tao" is due to the fact that the early believers should contribute five pieces of rice. The origin of the name "Tian Shi Dao" is due to the worship of "Tian Shi" (basically Zhang Tian Shi). Zheng Yi" means "to cultivate from righteousness". According to the "Seven Signs of the Cloud Book", "Zheng Yi" is to cultivate from righteousness, to eliminate evils and falsehoods, to unify the three days, and to support the country and the people; "Zhengyi alliance Wei" means alliance with God, "Zhengyi Cultivation of true brief instrument": "from the heart and correct, the heart is correct, the essence of God is not lost, and I am one, and then all the bright Ming Ming, with the five souls of the original, and therefore can be dead and alive in their own, what evil can be done? By this way, the group of yin is glorified, and the six thieves are subdued, which is called Zheng Yi Allied Might."
Cheng Yi Dao is under the influence of Taoist thought and doctrine, transformed (or absorbed) part of the original religious beliefs of witch and ghost, and combined with the ancient Yanqi culture of immortals and priests and other content. It honors Lao Zi as the "Ancestor of the Church" and holds the Tao Te Ching, the Zhengyi Miaowei Jing, the Taiping Dongji Jing, and the Lao Zi Wanyer Zu (which is said to have been written under the name of Zhang Lu), which was compiled by the ancestral master Zhang Ling, and explains the tenets of the Church, which are: "Rebirth of the Way, Teaching the Way of the People, and Performing the Way of the Truth." In the later development, it absorbed and fused the new sayings of other Taoist sects, such as the rituals of the Jiao-festival and the internal alchemy, and thus it had the intention to integrate the essence of Taoism into one pot, and had a great influence on the Zen Buddhism and the Confucianism and science of mind. It is the original Taoism and the Taoism sect that has been passed down to the present day. The word "Zheng Yi" is sometimes even used as a synonym for Taoism.
Cheng Yi Taoist priests could live in their homes and practice Taoism or leave their homes and practice Taoism, without any special limitations.
1, Zhang Ling created the deeds of the Taoist historical records are very few, according to the "Three Kingdoms? Zhang Lu biography "," Hou Han Shu? Liu Yan biography" and other historical records: Zhang Ling in the Shun emperor into the Shu, learning Tao Heming Mountain (now in Dayi County, Sichuan Province) in the, make a book, to the people to preach. The people who received his teachings were given five buckets of rice, which was officially known as "rice thief" at that time. Zhang Heng is only mentioned, and Zhang Xiu and Zhang Lu are the ones whose deeds are more detailed.
The Three Kingdoms? Zhang Lu biography" note cited fish豢 "canonical" said: "light and (AD 178-184) in the middle, Hanzhong has Zhang Xiu, Xiu for the Wu Dou Mi Dao ...... Xiu law slightly with the corner of the same (Note: that is, teach the patient to buckle his head to think about the past, drink the charm of the water) plus the implementation of the static room, so that the patient in the room to think about the past. And let a person for the treacherous order of the priest, the priest Lord to "Laozi" five thousand articles, so that all study, the number for the treacherous order for the ghost official, the Lord for the patient to pray, prayers of the law, the book of the patient's name, persuade the meaning of the crime, for three passes, one of which on the mountain in the sky, one of which is buried in the ground, and one of which is sunk in the water, known as the Three Officials handbook, so that the sick family out of rice five buckets, and the number of the five-double-meter division."
Zhang Xiu for the five-doumei Tao in Hanzhong, a leader, "Yellow Turban Uprising", had led the Taoist disciples to respond, and then the third generation of the Divine Master Zhang Lu attacked and killed Zhang Xiu, since the leader of Hanzhong, because the people believe in the way of Zhang Xiu, it will be on the basis of the additions to its decoration. He taught those who joined the Way to "make a righteous house and put rice and meat in it for the pedestrians. They were also taught to hide themselves, and if there was a small mistake, they would be punished by building a road (i.e., repairing the road) for a hundred paces, and then the crime would be removed. In addition, according to the order of the moon, killing was forbidden in spring and summer, and alcohol was also forbidden.
Zhang Lu called himself Shijun, the first to come to learn the way called the ghost pawns, learn the way longer and pious people called the priest, each leading the way of the crowd, more than one called the head of the big priests. Zhang Lu in Hanzhong to implement the system of unity of government and religion, the male according to the Bakhan nearly 30 years, the people of the Yi will be happy, to Jian'an twenty years (A.D. 215) surrendered to Cao Cao, the Wu Dou Mi Tao also spread to the north of the Central Plains region.
2, the five-doumei road northward, the end of Han, Zhang Lu's son Zhang Sheng (fourth generation of the Divine Master) is not subject to the Cao Wei爵, "Yuan Shi Shi Lao Zhi" in "the first division, began in Han Zhang Daoling. The next four generations said Sheng, came to live in Xinzhou Longhu Mountain". also reside in jiangxi longhu mountain, open "zhengyi zongtan", respect zhang dao lings as "zhengyi day master"; Tianshi descendants of descendants living in the mountains, so for the spread of Tianshidao center, gradually to "Tianshidao" name the world. Later, with the unification of Jin, it became the center of the spread of Tianshidao. Later, with the unification of Jin, it spread to the southeast coast, thus spreading throughout the country.
The Western Jin Dynasty Emperor Wu (265-290 reign) years of Ba Shu appeared Chen Rui led by a folk Taoist group, according to "Huayang Guo Zhi Da Comrade", Xianning three years (277), Chen Rui "ghosts to confuse the people", and from the governor down to the common people believe in it, it was killed by the Yizhou governor. Chen Rui's sect was similar to Tianshidao, an extreme branch of Tianshidao, and was called "Ghost Tao".
In the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty (296), the Wu Dou Mi Taoists, who had moved north with Zhang Lu, were killed. The family of Li Te, the leader of the Li family (an ethnic minority group in the southwest of China, whose character is "上宗下贝"), led a group of exiles back to Shu, where they were attacked by the new governor of Yizhou, Zhao? (the character "病字壳里边欽字"), the new governor of Yizhou, who was also a disciple of the Way of the Five Pieces of Rice. The two of them hit it off immediately, and in the first year of Yongkang (300), Zhao? In the first year of Yongkang (300), Zhao? Due to mutual suspicion, Zhao was driven out of Chengdu by Li Te and was killed by his subordinates. Later, Li Te was also forced out of Chengdu by Western Jin officials and soldiers.
Li Te revolted again in the first year of Tai'an (302), and in February of the next year (303), Li Te was defeated and killed, while his younger brother Li Liou and his son Li Xiong continued to fight, with the help of the family of Fan Xian (Fan Changsheng), who was a big landowner in Shu, and who had fallen ill after the death of Li Liou in September, and who succeeded Li Xiong as leader. In October 304, Li Xiong claimed the title of King of Chengdu and the state name was "Dacheng", which was later changed to Han, known as Cheng Han, and in 306 he became the emperor, honoring Fan Xian as the state master. 308, he appointed Fan Ben, the son of Fan Xian, as the minister. In 308, Fan Ben, the son of Fan Xian, was appointed minister. In the third year of Yonghe (347) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Chenghan died. After that, Fan Ben continued to fight until the fifth year of Yonghe of the Jin Dynasty (349), when he was pacified.
The most famous organization in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was the Wu Dou Mi Dao (五斗米道) which was created by the Du family of Qiantang, a family of the Wu Dou Mi family, and was later known as "The Underworld" (冥..纸... Paper. Ash" today from Mr. Ren Jiguai edited "History of Chinese Taoism," said the name "Du Zigong Taoist group", the founder of the Du Zigong. Taoist group of spells, systems, and so on, and Wu Dou Mi Tao is roughly the same, at that time, "the east of the rich and powerful families and all under the prestige of the family, and the matter of the disciple", Du Zigong died around the end of the Jin Dynasty Emperor Wu (373-396 reign), succeeded him is the family of Sun Tai.
The end of the Jin dynasty Sun Tai, Sun En (Shi Feng Wu Dou Mi Dao), in the second year of Longan (398 years), led the Taoist uprising, the defeat Sun Tai was killed, believers believe that is the cicada molt to the immortal, the next year (399) Sun En conquered the Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), the self-proclaimed "General of the Zedong General," said his Taoist disciples as " Everlasting Man", eight counties in eastern Zhejiang should be gathered, after the Yuanxing yuan (402) defeat, Sun En cast into the sea, believers hope to become "Narcissus", with him to the sea of more than 500 people.
Tianshidao active in the late Han, Wei and Jin dynasties, but also directly contributed to or indirectly influenced the emergence of other early Taoist sects, such as such as the Three Kingdoms in the Wu widely spread Li Jia Dao, its Taoist method of blessing the water God talisman for people to cure, and Tianshidao is very similar to; such as a little later, the Qing Shui Dao, whose method is known as Zhang Tianshi family slaves, can be said to be a branch of the Tao of the Tianshidao; there are also many little seen in the history of Taoist groups sects, believed to be related to the Tao of the Tianshidao, these, later either disappeared or disappeared, and the Tao of the Tianshidao. There are also many other Taoist sects that are rarely seen in history and are believed to be related to Tianshidao, which either disappeared or were merged into Tianshidao.
3. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, some of the early Taoist sects, such as "Taiping Tao" and "Yu Jun Tao", declined due to the rulers' crackdown, while the new sects, such as "Ling Bao" and "Shang Qing", declined due to the rulers' crackdown, and the new sects, such as "Ling Bao" and "Shang Qing", declined due to the rulers' crackdown. "Shangqing School" and so on, and is in the beginning of the development stage; although there are some like Zhang Zhong, Wang Jia such as immortal Taoist, but only in the form of masters and disciples into the loose Taoist group, and in the name of the Taoist aphorism, different people around the world under the name of "Li Hong" and are all instantaneous Wiped out; at this time, Tianshidao is still not lost as a banner of Taoism, basically is also a synonym for Taoism.
But, due to political turmoil, the world's forces divided, coupled with the total number of believers, and the lack of prestigious Zhang Tianshi heir, remote Longhu Mountain, Jiangxi Province, the headquarters of the Tianshidao subordinate to the various "rule" of the priests, Taoist officials appear to be beyond the reach of the whip, the internal organization of the Tianshidao in a serious disruption, the "sound of the Laojun recitation of the commandments of the scriptures" have: "Taoist priests and alcohol fools secretly pass on each priest", which allows some low-quality people to become priests and alcohol, chiefs, arbitrary meat and fish believers; more serious is that some also "self-signed talismanic symbols and deeds, attacking the wrong scriptures and laws, turbulence and chaos in the Qing dynasty", resulting in " Renegade illegal, fraudulent and confusing"; and misinterpretation of the theory of Tianshi Dao, such as "art in the room," etc., so that the "obscene winds, damage and humiliation of Taoism"; and the lower level of the Taoist people have repeatedly used Taoist organizations, under the name of Li Hong (Laojun pseudonym), Liu Ju name to launch uprisings throughout the generations, so that Taoism by the ruling forces of the division, the dynasty's close attention.
In view of this, many high Taoist sages aspired to reform and organize Taoism, and Kou Qianzhi in the Northern Dynasties and Lu Xiujing in the Southern Dynasties were the leaders at that time.
Kou Qianzhi (365-448) utilized the "Precepts of Reciting New Science in the Cloud" (also known as the "Precepts of Reciting the Voice of Laojun" (Laojun is an excerpt from "Cloud") and the "Recording of the True Scriptures" (Lutu Zhenjing), which were taught by Laozi's grandson, Li Puwen, to carry out a resolute reform of the Taoism of the Master of the Heavenly Masters. Resolute reform of the early Taoist doctrine and system of comprehensive reform, drawing on Confucianism, the Five Constants (father's righteousness, mother's kindness, brother's friendship, brother's respect, son filial piety) concepts, absorbing Confucianism and Confucianism's ceremonial precepts and regulations, the establishment of a more complete Taoist doctrine and fasting rituals, and reform of the Taoist official position of the hereditary system, advocating the only virtuous is authorized, the letter of the precepts of cultivation. He attached importance to the Taoist Jiaojiao rituals and added many fasting rituals and ceremonies for Taoism, which also laid the foundation for the Taoist fasting rituals of later generations. After Kou Qianzhi's reform of Tianshidao, both the lower believers' support, but also suitable for the needs of the ruling class at that time, a moment of gloom and doom was removed, the dynasty and the countryside followers of countless people, later people called after Kou Qianzhi's reform of the Tianshidao for the "new Tianshidao", or "North Tianshidao".
Lu Xiujing (406-477), who had traveled to many famous mountains and had visited all over the world, organized and proofread the Taoist texts he had collected for a long time, and compiled a catalog of the earliest Taoist scriptures called "The Catalogue of the Three Cave Scriptures". He also thoroughly reorganized Tianshi Dao, i.e. reforming the Taoist organization, collecting and arranging Taoist classics, and establishing and perfecting the jiao-festival ceremony. Because he was universally popular for his effective prayers and salvation, and because he enriched and organized many Taoist texts and theories, which inspired the ensuing new Taoist sects to a greater or lesser extent, he was regarded as one of the patriarchs of the "Shangqing Sect" and the "Lingbao Sect". Therefore, the "Shangqing School" and "Lingbao School" all worshiped him as one of the patriarchs. After Lu Xiujing's purification, Tianshidao became known as "Southern Tianshidao".
During this period, the name "Wu Dou Mi Dao" was basically replaced by "Tian Shi Dao". Influenced by Kou Qianzhi, more importantly, after Lu Xiujing enriched and organized the theory of the relevant books, the Lingbao School and the Shangqing School began to rise, and quickly spread throughout the country, so that later Zhengyidao School of talismans of the three sects of the initial formation.
4, Sui and Tang dynasties, is the Taoism comprehensive to the flourishing period, which is fully reflected in the construction of Taoist temples, jiaojiao rituals sound, folk court worship and so on. The religious power of Taoism was greatly expanded. Taoist sects are becoming more and more prosperous, compared to the Lou Guan, Ling Bao, Shang Qing and Dan Ding Taoist and philosophical school of metaphysics is exceptionally prosperous, Tianshi Dao but few influential figures. Successive descendants of Zhang Tianshi, there are not many theoretical play and ideological writings.
All the Taoist sects in this period emphasized the teaching of the scriptures, precepts, and teachings, and the culture of teaching the scriptures, precepts, and teachings was inherited from the tradition of the original Way of the Five Pieces of Rice. Basically, the initial stage of these teachings, have to be the first by the Tianshidao of the first scripture precepts, talismans awarded, that is to say, trafficking according to the Taoist way, generally have to go through the Tianshidao, and then, step by step training, in order to ultimately ascend to the Lingbao, on the top of the Qing's senior masters. It can be seen from here that Tianshidao is still the foundation of Taoism.5. Entering the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. The power of Taoism developed rapidly and reached its heyday, with emerging Taoism intermingling with traditional sects. In the north of the Jin Dynasty, three major new sects were formed: "Da Dao", "Tai Yi", and "Quan Zhen Dao", of which "Quan Zhen Dao" is the most popular one passed down to the present day. "In the south, new sects such as "Jindan Dao" and "Jingming Dao" also appeared in the land of Song Dynasty. Around the time of the Yuan Dynasty, Tianshidao and the traditional Lingbao and Shangqing sects, as well as the emerging Daodaoism, Taiyiism, Quanzhen Taoism, Jindan Taoism, Jingming Taoism, Qingweipai, Shenyao, Donghua, Tianxin, and Wudang sects interacted with each other, borrowed and absorbed from each other, and brought about a great deal of changes and opportunities for development of Tianshidao's doctrines, teachings, and practices, as well as the establishment of Taoism as the first leader of the leadership position.
The descendants of Zhang Tianshi were favored by the upper echelon during this period: the 26th generation of Zhang Zhengshi was ordered to be "Mr. Zhenjing" by Emperor Zhenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty in the ninth year of the Dazhongxiangfu era (1016 A.D.), and he was said to be "among the world's most renshou"; and Zhang Shouzhen, the 32nd generation of Zhang Shouzhen was appointed to the position of the "Master of Heaven" by Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty on Yuan Shizu and thirty-six generations of Tianshi Zhang Zongyun, "the main Jiangnan Taoist affairs", Yuan Zhiyuan 15 years (AD 1278), Zhang Zongyun disciple Zhang Liusun given the name "Xuanjiao Zongshi", and the creation of Xuanjiao.
Yuan Chengzong Dade eight years (1304 AD), awarded the thirty-eighth generation of Tianshi Zhang and material "is the first master of the Church, commanding the three mountain talisman." Jiangnan schools of Taoism then collectively known as "Zheng Yi" Tao, to Longhu Mountain Zheng Yi master as a representative.
During this period, Tianshi Dao absorbed and fused the talismans of other Taoist sects and cultivation methods, the thirtieth generation of Tianshi Zhang Jixian is the most prominent among them, and is also the leader of all generations of Tianshi. He was specialized in Shenxiao Leifa and Neidan cultivation, put forward "heart" as the origin of all laws, discussed the relationship between heart and spirit, no evil and talisman law, believed that there are three treasures in the human body, "essence, vital energy and vital spirit", and said that as long as one grasps one's own vital energy, one can pass through the sky, and reject other laws, which is called "breaking delusion". "He said that as long as one grasps one's own Yuan Shen, one can pass to heaven and reject other methods, which is called "breaking delusion. He wrote a lot of thoughts and put forward some new ideas, which greatly enriched the cultivation content and talismanic spells of Tianshidao. Dong Chuqian and Wu Idle learned Lin Lingzhen's Lingbao Donghua method, and Dong Chuqian passed on the Donghua method to the thirty-ninth generation of Tianshi Zhang Yicheng, Zhang Xiuwen cultivated Quanzhen Neidan on the side, and the fourth ancestor of the Pure Brightness Dao, Zhao Yizhen, also learned Zhengyi Dao first, etc.
All in all, Tianshidao has absorbed the essence of the various Taoist schools, and established the status of the Jiangnan Taoist schools, and the newly emerged in the north of the Quanzhen Taoism and called the two major schools of Taoism to date. After this period, the descendants are also accustomed to "Tianshidao" as the representative of the talismanic sects always called the "first" Tao.
6, after the integration of the late Yuan and early Ming, the Ming and Qing dynasties Taoism is officially finalized, mainly into two major schools: the main talismanic spells of Zheng Yi Dao, the main cultivation of internal alchemy Quanzhen Tao. However, this was also an era in which Taoism gradually declined.
The beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the great-grandfather Zhu Yuanzhang, that is, Taoism is divided into the first, the whole truth, he thought the whole truth alone for their own, and the truth of the road can benefit people, thick customs, so the Ming Dynasty from the early days of the Ming dynasty, that is, from the Ming dynasty, the emperor Hongwu ordered the first day of the master of the world's Taoism in charge of the affairs of the first day of the road among the sects, is always the master of the school is the head of the main. After the whole Ming dynasty, successive emperors basically all respect the righteousness of Taoism as orthodox, the righteousness of Taoism is particularly favored by the upper echelon. Until the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the old Ming practice was still followed, and after the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the whole Taoism has gradually declined in form - and this is especially true of the Zhengyi Dao.
During this period, Zheng Yi also has high Taoist discourse, such as the forty-second generation of Tianshi Zhang Normal was famous for the art of talismanic water; such as there is a Taoist Shuo Ru known as the forty-third generation of the Tianshi Zhang Yuchu, Ming Hongwu ten years (A.D. 1385) prayed for rain in the Shenyang optimistic, instantly fulfilled. He was one of the most knowledgeable of all the Tien Shi, and was the only talented Tien Shi of the thirtieth generation, Zhang Ji, who was appointed to edit the Taoist Collection, and has many writings in the world. Zhang Yuchu's doctrines of Taoism can be summarized as follows: 1) affirmation of the origin and flow of Taoism, and climbing up to the pre-Qin Taoists; 2) internal refining as the basis, the life of dual cultivation; 3) the three religions of the same origin, the integration of Buddhism and Taoism of the life of the saying; 4) internal refining as the basis of the jiao-festival Taoism; 5) inheritance of the style of the Quanzhen teachings, and the purification of the precepts and rules. When Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty (1522-1620 AD), Shao Yuanjie, a Taoist priest of the Zhengyi School, prayed for the nobility with talismans, but did not write much about his theories; in the Qing Dynasty, Lou Qingguan, a Taoist priest of the Zhengyi Shi Dao, was famous for a while, but unfortunately, there was no explanation of the talismanic Taoist method of the School, and in order to cater to the Zen ideology of Yongzheng, he referred to Taoist refining and cultivation of the true spirit as "the art of making a living by means of all kinds of evils", and said that it is not the only way for people to make a living. The people to make a living by the art of".
While Zhang Yuchu has the determination to revitalize Taoism, but unfortunately more descendants of Zhang Tianshi do nothing, and even "sit in lawlessness", such as the forty-sixth generation of Tianshi Zhang Yuanji, due to the "vegetarian ferocity", the children of the good family, take people's property, murder and assault and be confiscated; such as the forty-eighth generation of Tianshi bribery and bribery of people. The forty-eighth Tianshi bribed officials. In the 14th year of Chongzhen (1641 AD), Zhang Yingjing, the 52nd generation of Tianshi, was ordered to pray for sacrifices in the court, and Zhang Tianshi requested to add the title of Sanguine God to the table, but was not allowed to do so, and was not allowed to do so. All these were dissatisfied by the courtiers and hit the religious enthusiasm of the believers, but also seriously affect the Zhengcheng Tianshi Dao, and even the image of the entire Taoism, so that Taoism in people's minds increasingly depreciate.
This period of Zheng Yi Dao did not have more theoretical content, internal corruption on their own, external other folk religions competing for territory as well as Confucianism and Buddhism, and other reasons, Zheng Yi Dao, and even the whole Taoism towards decline, Qianlong has become "poetry, painting" of the capital, he had imperial poetry: " Decadent wave under the sun can not return, the two now from the sad, why not to dispel the evil is still mud ancient, to stay in the painting and poetry material.
7, to the modern era, the first Tao still has Maoshan, Lingbao, Qingwei, Jingming and other schools, but still represented by the Tianshidao, customary, Tianshidao also known as the first Tao. Zongtan Jiangxi Longhu Mountain. Talisman three mountains for the Longhu Mountain, Maoshan, Geshishan.
Main references:
Cheng Yi Cultivation of Truth
The Seven Signs of the Cloud
Three Kingdoms? Zhang Lu's biography,
Liu Yan's biography,
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Biography of Liu Yan,
Ming Shi (History of Ming Dynasty)
The Ten Precepts of Taoism
Laojun Yinyin Recitation of the Commandments
The Dictionary of Taoism
The Dictionary 1999
Huayang Guozhi
Jin Shu (Book of the Jin)
Zi Zhi Tongjian (The Book of Zi Zhi Tongjian)
History of Taoism in China edited by Qing Xitai
History of Chinese Taoism
History of Chinese Taoism edited by Qing Xitai
The History of Taoism in China edited by Qing Xitai <
The History of Chinese Taoism, edited by Ren Jigai