Good evening everyone. Today, I will continue to explain rhetorical devices to you.
Section 3 Synaesthesia and Metaphor
First, synaesthesia
Synaesthesia figure of speech, also called empathy, is a figure of speech that uses images to transfer feelings when describing objective things, so that people's hearing, vision, smell, taste, touch and other different feelings communicate, alternate and transfer with each other, and uses words that originally express A feelings to express B feelings, making images more vivid and novel.
1. The role of synaesthesia
Synaesthesia is not the creation of a poet in a certain era, but essentially comes from human instinct; Artistic quality is caused by human imagination. When synaesthesia is applied to literary creation, literary works are endowed with unique artistic charm.
Wang Guowei said in "Words on Earth": The branches of red apricots are full of spring. Although the words are noisy, the artistic conception is exhausted. Clouds break through the moon and show shadows, and the realm is out. This sentence properly expresses the relationship between synaesthesia and realm, and the use of synaesthesia makes poetry have artistic conception. Another example is Jia Dao's "Ke Si", which transforms the auditory feeling of promoting sound into the visual and tactile feeling of needle. Comparing the promotion sound to the shape of a needle means that the promotion audio-visual needle is as pervasive as it is. When it is accompanied by the real image of the needle tip, such as the needle drilling into the heart, it becomes more and more boring, which strengthens the silent sadness and then expresses the pain that can't be imagined.
If you go to the west wing alone, there is nothing to say, the moon is like a hook, and the solitary phoenix tree locks the autumn courtyard. Cutting is still messy, which is parting from sorrow. Especially the general taste is in my heart (Li Yu's "Welcome to Huan"). Sadness is an invisible and intangible emotion, but the poet cuts it with scissors and manages it with his hands. The author uses synaesthesia rhetoric to strengthen the melancholy mood, so that it can be clearly presented to readers and form a special taste. It breaks the boundaries of vision, touch, taste and human inner feelings, and makes them communicate with each other to make up for each other's shortcomings, thus increasing the lyric effect.
It is also a noisy word, which can not only modify red apricots, but also make people quiet and idle. (Huang Tingjian's "Caiyun Bow Soldiers"); Pedestrians make trouble without water, and red lotus is drunk with white lotus. (Fan Chengda's "Boating on the Creek on the Second Day after beginning of autumn"); The moon turns over the shadow of the willow tip, and the wind blows the fragrance of hibiscus. (Chen Yuqing's Visit to Heaven with Two or Three Friends).
Noisy words in Ci are also frequently used, such as Yan's Linjiang Fairy, plum blossoms blowing in the wind, apricot blossoms fragrant in the rain, Huanxisha in the north of Leng Xue on the side of Mao River, and Ruanlanggui in the south of the water full of snow, which makes the spring embankment all over. How can we know whether it will last long? From these examples, we can see that noisy words refer to the silent gesture of things as if they have sound fluctuations, which makes readers feel as if they are hearing visually and get a strong aesthetic pleasure.
2. Classification of synaesthesia
(1) Synaesthesia of vision and hearing. The five senses can be connected, but the easiest thing to get through is vision and hearing. As Confucius, a scholar in the Tang Dynasty, said: Sound touches people, making people think that it is what it is. Synaesthesia between vision and hearing can be divided into two categories.
One is that hearing expresses vision, which can give things dynamic beauty. For example, Su Shi's Stargazing at Night is full of stars and little stars are noisy. Stars, big and small, get together, the big star appears bright and calm, and the small star flickers, which becomes a noisy scene in the poet's pen. A noisy word, in the quiet night sky, shows its lively, comfortable and clever artistic conception.
The other is visual expression of hearing. This form can make the virtual things become real, and achieve the realm of turning the virtual into the real and combining the virtual with the real. For example, Li He's "Li Ping Yong Yin" Kunshan Jade Broken Fengming, Furong cried and smiled. Hibiscus with dewdrops and orchids in full bloom are the embodiment of beauty. The poet described the sadness of the piano with the tears of lotus, and expressed the joy of the piano with the smile of vanilla, which he could not only hear but also witness.
(2) Synaesthesia between touch and hearing. For example, the cold forest is full of empty forests (Liu Changqing's Autumn Temple), which depicts the deep sound of empty forests with a cold touch. The glorious place in the past is now also a desolate place with withered vegetation and cold smoke. Another example is that the morning bell is wet outside the clouds (Du Fu's Kuizhou is too wet to go ashore), and the morning bell is far-reaching, passing through the rain curtain, and the sound goes through the clouds.
(3) Synaesthesia between vision and touch. For example, Huayang flies in the spring clouds (Butterfly Dancing by Li He), and Huayang falls in the spring breeze, which also makes people feel hot. The lively artistic conception in spring is more vivid because of the word "hot". The future is faintly yellow (Rou Shi's quatrains). Yang Huakai's color is too light, which makes people feel erratic, highlighting Huayang's helplessness when he is floating in the wind.
(4) Synaesthesia between other senses. Synaesthesia between other senses includes synaesthesia between hearing and smell, such as Ai Xiang's Fu Lan Ruo (Lu Ji's Quasi-Northwest Plateau); There is synaesthesia between vision and smell. For example, in Li Bai's "Reward Yin Zuoyun and Give Five Clouds to Qiu Ge", there are tens of millions of snowflakes in Yaotai, and the spring breeze blows off one by one. There are also many kinds of synaesthesia between the senses, such as Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip, in which Guan Ying's language slips at the bottom of the flower and the spring water is hard to swallow. This sentence connects sight, hearing and touch.
Second, metaphor.
Metaphor, also known as compound metaphor, refers to multiple vehicles repeatedly setting metaphors from different angles to explain or describe an ontology, also known as metaphor. Metaphor has been a common artistic technique in poetry creation since ancient times. If used properly, it can strengthen the meaning and give people a strong momentum. Metaphor can show the characteristics of art or the connotation of things from different sides and angles, which other types of metaphors can't do.
1. The role of metaphor
Metaphor is widely used in poetry, such as Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip, in which big strings are like rain and small strings are like secret words. Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade. Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, and the spring water is hard to swallow. The spring is cold and astringent, and the condensate is endless. The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice. A silver vase suddenly broke with a stream of water, and the soldiers screamed with their swords. Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk. In Li Bai's Answer to the King's Drinking Alone on Twelve Cold Nights, Han Xin was ashamed of being crimson and chasing after his death. If you don't go to Beihai, Li See, where is the heroic spirit? You don't look at Pei Shangshu. The earth grave is three feet high and has thorns. These are metaphors.
Metaphors in words are rarely used, because words are more subtle and less particular than poems, especially to avoid the monotony of language. However, there are also very successful examples of using metaphor in words.
For example, the first eight sentences of Su Shi's The Hundred Steps of Flood wrote:
The long flood bucket jumped into the waves, and the canoe went south like a shuttle.
The navy never calls the geese up, and the rocks line up.
It's like the rabbit goes and the eagle falls, and the horse bets on thousands of feet.
The broken string leaves the column and the arrow is released, and the flying electric ball is overturned.
In one breath, the poet used eight different images to describe the overwhelming flood, such as throwing a shuttle, a rabbit running, an eagle catching a rabbit, a horse rushing up a slope, a string bouncing off, an arrow losing its grip, lightning flashing, and water drops rolling down the lotus leaf rapidly. Go ahead.
He not only wrote about the violent trend of water waves, but also wrote about the turbulent scene of the ship on the waves, which made the torrent sound powerful and spectacular from many angles, thus highlighting the rapid characteristics of boating, strengthening the sense of adventure and leaving endless aftertaste. As Mr Wang Shuizhao pointed out, this metaphor is used to describe the speed of canoes in rapids.
(2) Metaphor can strengthen the meaning, enhance the momentum of the article and leave a deep impression on people. For example, the poet He Zhu's Jade Case:
Ling Bo didn't cross the pond road, just watching and letting the dust settle. Who will kill time in Jinse? Qiao Yue Garden, a bamboo building with locked windows, is only called Spring.
Ran Ran Yun Fei, at dusk, drew a new topic, heartbroken sentence. If you ask how much leisure do you have? Yichuan tobacco, city wind, plum yellow rain!
Leisure is silent, colorless and intangible. At the end of this word, three metaphors are used to illustrate leisure: Yichuan Tobacco talks about leisure; The wind in the city tells the chaos of leisure and sadness; Mei Huang's poetry and rain talk about things lingering, transforming the hard-to-reach emotions into extremely beautiful artistic conception, which also left a deep impression on people.
2. Classification of metaphor
For example, in Send the Teacher to john young, the villain becomes boring, and often boring. The bee cicada breaks the brocade, and the green pond is full of cymbals. Zhiying abandoned hazelnut and grew up alone.
Four images are used to describe Jia Dao's peculiar poetic style.
For example, in Bai Juyi's Pipa, the big strings are humming like rain, and the small strings are like secret words. Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade. Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, and the spring water is hard to swallow. By checking its cold touch, the string seems to be broken, which makes us never stop. The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice. A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons. Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk. By shaping the different carrier images of pipa sound in terms of sound intensity, pitch, timbre and rhythm, we can not only mobilize readers' hearing and vision, but also stimulate readers' association and imagination.
The most famous metaphor is Bai Juyi's Flowers Are Not Flowers:
Say it's flowers, not flowers, say it's fog? Not fog.
It came in the middle of the night and left at dawn.
When did a short and beautiful spring dream come?
When they leave, they are like clouds in the morning.
This poem is full of metaphors, which is rare. Poetry is composed of a series of metaphors, which are interlocking, such as flowing water, written naturally, and repeatedly highlighting an unexplained metaphor with vivid images. This poem only sees metaphor, that is, it is used as metaphor, but it doesn't know the ontology, just like an intriguing mystery, so the artistic conception of the poem is covered with a hazy color.
Rui He Xianying expressed his feelings on August 15.
Text/Border Meaning (Liaoyang)
After eight years of anti-Japanese war, I saw it through the wind and rain. The mountains and rivers are broken, people leave their homes and look bleak. Parting from expectations broke my heart several times. Recalling that year, tears fell frequently, which made people sad.
Busy scenery, loyal soul, how many people drink far away Do you have a conscience? Look now, there are many tall buildings. The actor unwittingly rolled up this absurd book. Hate is hard to get rid of, bow down to the sage and stop reading.
Moshanxi
The autumn wind blows cold, and the maple leaves are reddish and shallow. Put the wine in the sunset, white clouds disperse, and it's late in first frost. Feel comfortable, not drunk. My eyes blurred, my shadow trembled, and I stumbled home.
The room was deserted and full of poems and books. Read the old chapter again, tears for you, heartbreaking. The past was like today. Shanmeng is hard to see. How can you miss it?
Finally, I sent two bad books, and today's class ended because of time. Thank you. Good night
20 17-08- 12? Butterfly dance arrangement