1. Willow:
⊙ Farewell, attachment, and wishes.
Ancient poetry often combines the feeling of separation with the willow, and the reason is that there is a kind of "isomorphism" between the two, and the swaying form of the willow branch can convey the feeling of "reluctance to part with" when friends and relatives are leaving
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Since "willow" and "stay" have the same sound, the ancients, when sending off, often folded the willow to express the deep feelings of farewell; more because of the willow's easy to live, send others to the good wishes of the departed.
Example 1: Li Bai's "Hearing the flute in Rocky City on a spring night": "Whose jade flute flew secretly, scattered into the spring breeze filled Rocky City. I heard the broken willow in the song of this night, why can't I remember the love of my old garden?" The poem is a paraphrase of the poem "The Song of Folding the Willow," which reads, "I don't catch the whip when I get on the horse, but I fold the willow branch instead. The flute is played on the mincing seat, killing the travelers with sadness". "When I heard the song "Folding Willow" tonight, I wondered why I hadn't felt the love of my hometown." It is said that when you hear the tune of "Folding Willow" tonight, how can anyone not arouse the feeling of missing the hometown?"
Example 2: Li Bai's "Memory of Qin'e": "The sound of the piping throat, the Qin moth dreaming of the Qin Lou Yue. The moon in the Qin Lou, the color of the willow every year, Ba Ling sad farewell." The Ba Ling Bridge in Xi'an during the Tang Dynasty was a must-go place for people to leave Chang'an when they traveled to other parts of the country, and since the bridge was surrounded by willows on both sides, it became a famous place for the ancients to break the willow to send off their loved ones. In later times, the phrase "folding the willow at Ba Bridge" was used as the origin of the allusion to a farewell. That's why Wen Tingyun wrote the poem "There are many farewells on the green poplar street". Liu Yong expressed his sadness at being parted in "Yu Lin Ling" by saying "Where are you waking up from the wine tonight, on the bank of the poplar willow, the moon is broken by the wind. Since the creation of the story of the Ba Bridge, there seems to be some kind of inevitable connection between the willow and parting.
Example 3: Wang Wei's "Sending Yuan Er to An Xi": "Yi We Cheng, the rain falls on the willow, and the willow is new."
Example 4: Zhou Bangyan's "King of Lanling - Willow": "The willow shade is straight, and in the smoke, the silk is blue. On the Sui embankment, I have seen a few times, whisking the water to send the color of the line. I have seen a few times on the Sui embankment, and I have seen the water drift and send off the color of the line. The Long Pavilion Road, years gone by, should be folded soft stripes over a thousand feet.
Example 5: The poem "Farewell": "The willows are hanging down on the ground, and the poplar flowers are flying in the sky. When the willow has been broken and the flowers have flown away, may I ask the pedestrians whether they will return?" The formation of this special image of willow is a product of historical and cultural accumulation, subject to the provisions and constraints of national culture and national psychology, with a certain degree of conventionality.
★There are many other images like "willow" in classical Chinese poetry. These things are in the long historical process of Chinese culture has given a particular connotation of things. Such as the three friends of the year in the "pine", Chinese culture gives it "tough and upright" character, "bamboo" is given to the "upright and temperate "integrity," "plum" is given the "frost and snow" of the bones, "Narcissus" is the "icy and pure" symbol, "plum" is given the "frost and snow" of the bones, "Narcissus" is "icy and pure The "daffodil" is a symbol of "ice and jade purity", and the "cuckoo" represents a tragic atmosphere. Appreciation of ancient poetry needs to understand the unique cultural connotations of these things. As we all know, the creation of poetry is very much about subtlety and condensation. The poet's lyricism is often not a direct outpouring of emotion, nor is it a direct instillation of ideas, but rather the words in this meaning in the other, writing the landscape is to express emotion through the landscape, the object is to express the will of the object. Here the "scene" written, the "object", that is, the objective "like"; the "feelings" expressed by the scene, the words of the aria. The "emotion" expressed in the scenery and the "aspiration" expressed in the objects are the subjective "meaning": the perfect combination of "image" and "meaning" is the The perfect combination of "image" and "meaning" is "imagery". It is not only a reflection of real life, but also the crystallization of the poet's aesthetic creation and the carrier of emotional ideas. The poet's cleverness often lies in his ability to create a novelty or a group of "imagery" to express their emotions implicitly. On the contrary, only in the process of comprehending the meaning of the imagery, the reader can grasp the content of the poem, understand the main idea of the poem, enter the mood of the poem, and perceive the poet's emotion. Therefore, the reading and appreciation of poetry must be interpreted as a breakthrough to familiarize with the imagery of poetry as a breakthrough.
Attachment: "willow": sad farewell feelings
Embankment willow pile of smoke: can trigger the past as smoke, often used to express the feeling of rise and fall. (Cold and clear falling light, leaving a tree of willow bending over.)
2. Plum blossoms
The plum blossoms are the first to open in the cold, and then lead to the fragrance of the rosy flowers, so the plum blossoms, like the chrysanthemums, have been admired and praised by poets. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the plum blossom has become a symbol of purity of character. Throughout the previous generations of poems, the meaning expressed in the imagery of "plum blossom" mainly includes:
(1) the courage to lead the crowd and dare to be the first in the world.
Example 1: Chen Liang's "Plum Blossom" (梅花), written in the Song Dynasty, reads, "A single blossom is suddenly the first to change, and all the flowers are scented after it." The poet seized the plum blossom's characteristic of being the first to open, and wrote about the quality of not being afraid of strikes and setbacks and daring to be the first in the world, which is both an aria of the plum blossom and an aria of oneself.
Example 2: Mao Zedong's "Bu San Zi" Wing Plum "Wind and rain send the spring back, flying snow to welcome the spring to ......"
(2) The tenacity of not yielding to the cold
Example 1: Lu Meipo's "Snowy Plum": "The plum must be inferior to the snow three times white, but the snow loses a section of the fragrance of the plum." It can be seen that the pride of the plum, but it also took the role of the messenger of spring.
Example 2: Zhang Pian "early plum" poem: "a tree of cold plum white jade stripes, very close to the spring road along the stream bridge. I don't know if the flower first sprouted near the water, but I suspect that it is the winter snow that has not yet been canceled." Xu Hun's "Early Plum" also Yun: "The snow condenses the tree." Cold plum blossom hair, like jade like snow, "distantly know is not snow, for there is a dark fragrance."
Example 3: Li Shangyin's <
Example 4: Yang Yi's "Youngster's Journey" in the first piece, "Jiangnan Festival, water dusk and clouds, snow full of front village. Thousands of searching the green ridge, a branch of the fragrant, a long way to send the returnee." The poet searches for plums in the snow and gets the message of spring from the plum blossoms. The poet takes the vast Jiangnan as the background, and expresses the plum's proud snow spirit to the fullest. The plum blossoms open in the snow are not only as white as snow, cool and elegant, but also the messenger of spring and the postman who delivers warmth!
(3) The noble and unassuming spirit, and the will not to be partisan
Mr. Lu Xun once eloquently compared the plum blossom to the plum tree: "China is really the same as the plum tree, which is aging and decaying to the point of not being able to become a single one, and then a moment or two of the new shoots, and then return to the scene of the dense blossoms and green leaves." He also had a seal engraved for him, which is the same as that of the plum blossom. He also asked someone to carve a seal for him, "Only the plum blossom is a confidant", to express his own noble sentiments. In the eyes of the Chinese literati, the plum blossom is different from other flowers, and its purity is even more distinctive.
Example 1: Baozhao's "Plum Blossom Falling": "There are mixed trees in the court, but for the plum in contempt. 'I ask you why you are alone.' 'I remember that it can make flowers in frost and fruits in dew. Shaking down the spring winds to charm the spring day, I think the zero fall by the cold wind, in vain frost Hua no frost quality'." Here the poet's plum is a noble and virtuous man. Through the contrast between the cold-resistant plum blossoms and the weak and shaky trees, the poet expresses his contempt for the low moral character of the scholars and his praise for the open-minded sages.
Example 2: Guan Yunshi's "Two Tones. Qingjiang yin (A Song of the Plum)": "The southern branch breaks its stamens first in the night and leaks the news of spring. It is preferable for the snow and moon to meet, and does not provoke the play of bees and butterflies. There are times when the dark fragrance comes in dreams." His plum blossoms do not attract bees and butterflies, and are pure and solitary.
Example 3: Mrs. Hou, a courtesan of the Sui Dynasty, wrote "Seeing Plum Blossoms in Spring (Part II)": "The fragrance is clear and cold, and the color is good. After the jade plum thanks to the sun and the arrival, scattered with the group of flowers in the spring." The word "naive" is the poet's high evaluation of the plum blossom, but also the poet's self-assessment. The author is a lonely beauty, the same naivety, the poet and the jade plum is to become one into the image of purity.
Example 4: In the Song Dynasty, Li Qingzhao, a female poet, wrote the final line of "Full House": "It is hard to tell where the light moon of a good night is, and the shadow is still flowing." It praises a kind of noble spiritual character which is still lonely and proud and has confidence in life after being tortured by sufferings.
Example 5: Lu You's famous poem "Winged Plum": "The plum blossom has fallen into mud and dust, but only the fragrance is as good as before." The plum blossom is used as a metaphor to describe his own misfortune and his noble sentiment of not wanting to be a member of the same class.
Example 6: "Ink and Plum" by Wang Guan of Yuan Dynasty: "Don't let people boast about the good color, but only leave the clear air full of Qiankun". The plum blossom reflects the quality of his own unwillingness to be a partisan, and his words are shallow but his meaning is deep.
From the above examples, we can see that all generations of writers and writers for the plum blossom of the high and pure, lonely and self-appreciating is sure, but also as a life pursuit of the value of the place.
(4) Symbol of the hermit
The poet, frustrated with the world's unsatisfactory, and influenced by the Taoist philosophy of relaxation, sent to the mountains and forests, and longed for a pure and undisputed life, and the plum blossom took on the imagery of the hermit and the high priest.
Example 1: Zhang Kejiu's "Yue tune. Tianjingsha Luqinganzhong": "The mossy old trees are rustling, and the pale clouds and autumn water are far away. The red leaves of the mountain are small, who has ever been there? Who has ever been there? The man who visits the plums crosses the stream bridge." The poet will take us into the deep and secluded place where there is no trace of anyone, but with the high autumn weather, how can we say "visit the plum", in fact, this "plum" is like the high and pure hermit of the plum - Lu Qing. The hermit is also a plum.
Example 2: Xiao Dezao's "Ancient Plums (Part II)": "A hundred thousand years of moss on the withered tree, three or two points of spring for the old branches. The sound of the flute on the wall can not be heard, but only worry about the slanting sun freezing bees know." The author's ancient plum tree has very few flowers, but he is still afraid of being known by the bees in the dusk of winter, and his tranquil life will be destroyed, so he borrows the plum tree to sing to himself, so as to show his ambition to remain hidden.
Example 3: Fang Yue's "Dreaming of Plums": "The wild scriptures hide the hermit's home, and the sandy shore divides the road and brings the stream diagonally. The horse's hooves have been snowed in for six thousand miles, but there are three or four plums in the mountain's mouth. The yellow leaves embrace the hedges and bury the medicinal herbs, while the green lamp simmers the taro and talks about mulberry. A lifetime of smoke and rain, not dreaming of gold sables and jade." At the beginning of the poem, the poet introduces an elegant and secluded background, and the paths lead to the home of the shade, which is the ideal life of the poet. This is the poet's ideal life. The so-called "searching for plums" is also a search for seclusion.
Example 4: Zhou Mi's "Plum Shadow," which reads, "Remembering my dream, the paper tent and lamps, leaning on a number of branches and clearing them out." Song people make plum paper tent, hermit good use, the lamp has been burned, is shining on the paper tent on a few branches of the plum blossom on the thin shadow. This kind of secluded life can only be enjoyed by hermits.
(5) cold and elegant beauty
Plum blossom since ancient times has been "frost and snow beauty" imagery, Liu Zongyuan "Longcheng Records" recorded plum blossom legend, the Sui Kaihuang Zhao Shixiong in the cold winter in Luofu Mountain to see a light make-up and plain clothes of the beauty, this woman is a plum blossom. Thus, later generations often compare the plum blossom to the beauty, not only because it has the posture of a beauty itself, but also because it has the beauty of coolness and elegance.
Example 1: Zhang Yu's "Zhonglu. Pleasant spring to come": "Tai Ding three years bingyin year old night in the boat in Mount Yu Fu: Jiangmei's yi thatched cottage, stone ruse splash rinse jade sand, tile ou pong bottom to send the year. Ask the evening crows, where A Rong home." In the poem, the word "of" describes the plum blossom in the twilight is still bright and dazzling, the gray and yellow cottage is also reflected in the spirit of the rich. In ancient times, "the" also refers to the red dots decorating a woman's face, "Interpretation of Names. Interpretation of jewelry" cloud: "to Dan note face said." Fu Cheng "Mirror Fugue" also cloud: "point double to hair posture." Can be seen, plum blossoms such as the beauty of the cheeks of the colorful red points, adding to the beauty of the plum blossoms.
Example 2: Zhang Kejiu, "Yellow Bell. In the poem "The Full Moon of a Human Being", Zhang Kejiu said, "The plum blossoms look like the true face of the plum blossoms, leaving me to lean on the appendage." In the poem, "Zhenzhen" refers to the appearance of a beautiful woman, which can be found in Taiping Guangji (太平广记). The poem "Zhenzhen" refers to the appearance of a beautiful woman in a painting of a god named Zhenzhen, which is contained in "Taiping Guangji.
Example 3: Wu Yuanheng's "Gift to the Taoist": "A branch of plum in hemp clothes like snow, smiling and hiding the slightest make-up to come into the dream. If I meet a woman from Yuexi, white lotus will bloom in the red lotus pond." The phrase "hemp clothes like snow" in the poem is an adaptation of the phrase "Shijing. Cao Feng. It is borrowed here to describe the woman's snow-white clothes. After describing the woman's clothes, the poet compares the woman's physique and demeanor with the elegant and pure white plum, which can be described as divine.
Example 4: Su Shi's "Tingfengbo" (Red Plum): "I am tired of being late for a good night's sleep, and I feel sorry for my icy face, which is not the right time. This is the first part of the word, the beginning of the anthropomorphic techniques, flowers like beauty, beauty like flowers, and is very interesting. Because of the "late" opening with the peach and apricot. The plum blossom is born with a clear and pure posture, how can it fit with the group of beautiful flowers? So "disguise" to show the beauty of the God.
Example 5: Jiang Kui's "Sparse Shadows": "I think of Puihuan, returning on a moonlit night, transformed into this flower alone." Write Wang Zhaojun's moonlight night return soul, to the plum blossom image added flesh and blood. "When we meet in the guest house, at dusk in the corner of the hedge, we lean on the bamboo without words." Du Fu's poem "A Beautiful Man": "There are beautiful people in the absolute generation, living in a secluded place in the empty valley. ...... The sky is cold and her sleeves are thin, and she leans on the bamboo at sunset." The good man, is the poet's ideal image of art. (In fact, this word *** five allusions, five women, here only two as an example)
(6) the medium of conveying emotions and blessings
Plum blossoms in the spring of the messenger at the same time, but also become a tool for conveying friendship.
Example 1: Lu Kai's "Gift to Fan Ye" of the Southern Dynasty: "Folding the flowers and meeting the postman, I sent them to the Longtou people. There is nothing in Jiangnan, but a branch of spring." Folding the plum blossom and sending it to a friend, it is to express his own self-approval of the plum blossom, also a plum blossom, for the friend has the same character as the plum blossom appreciation; but also contains the feeling of solace to the friend, predicting that the spring will also come to the north in the near future. His feelings for his friend are also like the plum blossom, which does not wither despite the severe cold. There is a kind of friendship and chastity, and friends for good meaning in it. Folding the plum instead of the book is also a performance of the poet's elegance.
Example 2: Southern folk song "West Island Song": "Remember the plum down the West Island, the plum sent north of the river."
From then on, "Plum Blossom Envoy" became a beautiful name for a postman, and "Plum Stage" became an elegant name for a post office; "Plum Blossom Rendezvous" refers to a date with a good friend.
Example 3: Wang Anshi's "Plum Blossoms": "When will the postman send the plum blossoms, and when will he send a branch?" Wo Shi Cheng This Xie Sends Three Plum Blossoms to Zhang Mingshu Meidai: "Attentively hand-folding them to give them to each other from afar, I don't want to raise my goblet alone in front of the blossoms." Inheriting this imagery, the plum blossom became a token of friendship. After folding plum blossoms and sending them to friends, they gradually represented a kind of emotion, and the poet could not help but think of his distant friends when he saw the plum blossoms.
Example 4: Su Shi's "Second Rhyme for Yang Gongji's Plum Blossoms": "The frosty branches in the northern part of the mountain are the most forbearing, enduring the cold and waiting for the ambassador to come." Zhang Shunmin: "For Lingbei's guest who drifted far away, I stole a message to report the return of the eastern ruler. The aroma is lighter than a new brew, and the heart is as heavy as an old friend's visit. In the boat, don't ask if there is anything in the boat, but call out to your son for a glass of wine."
There is also a song that expresses the feelings of longing for a friend or lover.
Example 5: Zhu Song's "Drinking Plum Blossoms and Giving to a Guest": "When I get drunk in front of this flower, I will be able to send my sorrows in a similar way."
Example 6: Zhu Xi's "Seeing Plum Blossoms on the Qingjiang Road": "In other years, I will dream for thousands of miles, who will send my love with me."
Example 7: Su Shi's "Moon on the Western River": "The jade bone is worried about the miasma fog, but the ice skin has its own immortal wind. The sea fairy sent to explore the fragrant bushes, hanging upside down the green hairs of the phoenix. Her face is too long in the air to be suspected of being powdered, and her lips are too red to be washed and made up. High feelings have been expelled from the dawn clouds in the air, not with the pear blossom with the dream." The first is that the first is the first to be a part of a new generation of people, and the second is the first to be a part of a new generation of people.
Of course, the plum blossom is also a medium for conveying blessings between people.
Example 8: "Poetry. Zao Nan. Biu Tsi Mei": "Biu Tsi Mei is actually seven. I am looking for a commoner, but I am not sure if it is auspicious. Biu Tsi's Plum is actually three. The Biu Tsi scholar is to be sought after until the present day. Biu Tsi's Plum: A Basket of Biu Tsi. Biu Tsi is a sign of the future. This is the story of "Throwing Plums in Marriage". In ancient times, the plum was often regarded as the fruit of matchmaking. In the ancient times, plum was often regarded as "the fruit of matchmaking", and the biography of the poet says, "The sound of plum matchmaking is the same, so poets see plum to start the rhyme." Example 9: Legend has it that after Li Qingzhao lost her husband, there was a couplet that said, "The widow's household is left with a single plum in the winter," and then there was a reader who had lost his wife who said, "The apricot grove is warming up in the spring, and it's the first home." The two were in love and became lifelong companions.
The ripening of plums is also a metaphor for a young girl's spring.
Example 10: "Leaning on the door and looking back, but sniffing the green plums" (Li Qingzhao, "Point Jiangliu")
The five-petal plum blossom shape represents the "Five Fortunes of Plum Blossoms", which means "Happiness, Luck, Longevity, and Smoothness, Peace." It is also said that the plum blossom has four virtues: "The first born is Yuan, the blossom is Heng, the seed is Li, and the ripening is Ch'ing." The pattern of magpies chirping happily on the branches of plum blossoms is often labeled as "Happy Early Spring", "Happy Springtime", "Happy Eyebrows", "Happy Eyebrows The name "Harmony and Beauty" is used to symbolize the harmony or meaning of the word "Harmony". "Harmony and Beauty" and "Ten Perfections" also take their harmonies. "Bamboo and Plum Double Happiness" is often used as a blessing for the new couple.
★Plum geographic habits and cultural connotations
(1) plum blossom legend in Jiangxi Dayu Ridge is very much, so called this ridge for the Plum Ridge. Ancient people believe that this ridge is the north-south boundary, because there are October north geese return to the south to this, no longer over the ridge of the legend. Song Zhiwen's "Question on the North Post of Dayu Ling" says, "The geese fly south in the Yangmoon, and it is rumored that they come back here."
(2) Yang Yi's "A Young Man's Journey": "A thousand searches for the Cuiling Mountain, a single branch of colorful flowers, and a long way to send the returnees." Here, "Cuiling" also refers to the Meiling Mountain located at the junction of Guangdong and Gan. According to the legend, Zhang Jiuling, as a minister, had a new road excavated and planted plums along the way, hence the name.
(3) Thus, the people of Meiling would feel nostalgia and homesickness if they saw plum blossoms when they were far away from home. This is the case in Zhu Song's "Reply to Lin Kangmin's Poem on Plum Blossoms".
(4) Because the plum tree has a wide range of origins, there are wild plum blossoms in the Tibet Autonomous Region, the southwest and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as far as Taiwan Province. Therefore, it is a symbol of "national integration". During the Xinhai Revolution, the five blessings of the plum blossom also symbolized the unity of the five major ethnic groups: Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui and Tibetan.
(5) Plum blossoms are quite drought-tolerant, fearing waterlogging, preferring sunshine and forgetting shade. So the plum blossom always stand high, facing the sun, welcome the light. This is the reason why the "Praise of the Red Plum" was written.
(6) plum sex barren, a variety of soil has a strong adaptability, and special resistance to shaping, pruning, root cancer resistance, not by the root nematode damage, shouting less other destructive pests and diseases, and flower bud differentiation is very easy. Therefore, the plum has become a long-lived species, so that people have a crane hair, the feeling of spring.
3, chrysanthemum
⊙ noble, pure, noble, chaste, strong, tenacious
Chrysanthemum can not be comparable with peony, and can not be compared with orchids of hundreds of times the value of the orchid, but as a frosty flower, it has always been favored by the literati and writers, and some people praised it for its strong character, and some people appreciated it for its high temperament, and borrowed the chrysanthemum to symbolize the poet's spiritual quality. The chrysanthemum here has undoubtedly become a reflection of the poet's personality.
Example 1: Qu Yuan's "Li Sao": "Drinking the dew of Mulan and dining on the chrysanthemums at night." The poet symbolizes the nobility and purity of his character by drinking dew and eating flowers.
Example 2: Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty wrote "Chrysanthemums": "Autumn bushes surround the house like the Taoist family, and the sun is slanting all around the hedge. It is not the flower that favors the chrysanthemum, but there is no more flower when this flower is finished." It expresses the poet's pursuit of chastity and purity of character.
Example 3: Zheng Sishao of the Song Dynasty, "The Cold Chrysanthemums", "I would rather die holding the fragrance on the branches than to be blown down among the hundreds of flowers"
Example 4: Fan Chengda of the Song Dynasty, "Chrysanthemums after the Chrysanthemum Festival", "The lonesome hedge is wet and dewy, and the dimple of the nightmare shines on the mud and sand before it.
Example 5: Mao Zedong's "Cai Sang Zi" (采桑子-重阳子) contains the sentence "The yellow flowers of the battlefield are exceptionally fragrant", which puts chrysanthemums in a war environment, and the three words "exceptionally fragrant" emphasize Mao's spirit of revolutionary optimism.
4Pine and cypress
⊙Lonely, straight, tenacious, and noble
The Analects of Confucius - Zihan said, "When the year is cold, then we will know that the pine and cypress will wither later on." Later poems often use pine and cypress to symbolize the character of loneliness and hardiness.
Example 1: Liu Yuxi: "The rich and noble have withered away, but the pine and cypress still remain."
Example 2: Li Shanpu: "The lone standard appears in the snow at a hundred feet, and a long whistle is heard in the wind. The peaches and plums are really sycophants, and the vines are not a group."
Example 3: Li Bai's "Gift to Huang Shang": "I wish you would learn from Chang Song, and be careful not to be a peach or a plum." Wei Huangshang had always fawned on the rich and powerful, and Li Bai wrote a poem to advise him to be an upright person.
Example 4: Liu Zhen (劉桢) of the Three Kingdoms, "Gift to my younger brother": "Do you not suffer from the cold, the pine and cypress have their own nature." With this line, the poet encourages his cousin to be as steadfast as sending pines and cypresses, and to maintain his noble qualities under any circumstances.
Example 5: Chen Yi: The snow pressed down on the green pine, but the pine was straight and upright. If you want to know the pine's purity, wait until the snow melts.
5Lian
⊙Love
Because the words "lotus" and "pity" sound the same, there are a lot of verses written about lotus in ancient poems, which are used to express love.
Example 1: The Southern Dynasty's Lefu "West Island Song": "Picking Lotus in Nantang in the fall, the lotus flower is over the head of the people; lowering the head to get the lotus seed, the lotus seed is as green as water. "Lotus" is "pity", "green" is: "love". Here is both real and imaginary writing, semantic puns, the use of harmonic puns rhetoric, expressing a woman's deep longing for the man she loves and the purity of love.
Example 2: Thirty-five of Jin's Forty-two Songs of the Son and the Night: "The mist and dew conceal the hibiscus, and the lotus is not distinguishable when I see it." Mist dew hides the true face of the lotus flower, lotus leaves are visible but not quite distinguishable, which is also the use of harmonic puns to write that a woman vaguely feels that the man is in love with her.
6 Sycamore
⊙ Bleak and sad
The sycamore is a symbol of bleakness and sadness. Ancient Chinese literati have a "sad autumn" complex, the four seasons, everything withered in the fall, the most likely to trigger the sadness of people, and the sycamore tree is a typical deciduous trees, "look at the fall first perish", the so-called "a leaf fall know the world fall! The sycamore tree is a typical deciduous tree, which "perishes before looking at the fall". Therefore, the use of the sycamore tree to write sadness in the fall has become a common technique used by the ancients.
Example 1: Wang Changling's "Changxin Autumn Lyrics": "The golden well of the sycamore tree is yellow with autumn leaves, and the pearl curtains are not rolled with nightly frost. Smoking cage jade pillow without color, lying down to listen to the South Palace clear leakage long." The poem is about a young girl who was deprived of her youth, freedom and happiness, and was alone in the desolate and lonely palace, lying down to listen to the palace leaks. The first line of the poem begins with the yellow leaves of the sycamore tree by the well, creating an atmosphere of coldness and loneliness.
Example 2: Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Hatred": "The spring breeze is the day when peach and plum blossoms bloom, and the autumn rain is the time when the leaves of the sycamore fall." The cold rain in autumn strikes on the leaves of the sycamore tree, which is so dismal.
Example 3: Li Yu's "Happiness at Meeting Each Other": "Lonely Sycamores, Deep Courtyard Locked in Autumn."
Example 4: Wen Tingyun's "More Leakage": "Sycamore trees, three nights of rain, not to say that the love of separation is bitter, a leaf, a sound, the empty steps dripping to the bright."
Example 5: Xu Zaisi (徐再思), a Yuan scholar, wrote "Water Fairy Zi (双调水仙子)-夜雨"："A sound of a sycamore leaf gives a sound of autumn, a little bit of plantain gives a little bit of sadness, and the three nights return to the dream after the three nights." The song is about the fall of the sycamore leaves and the rain hitting the banana.
Example 6: Li Qingzhao's "The Sound of the Voice": "The sycamore is accompanied by fine rain, and at dusk it drizzles."
7 Grass:
⊙ strong vitality, unceasing life, hope, desolation, remoteness, detachment, humbleness of status
(1) Grass
⊙ a metaphor for detachment in classical Chinese poetry.
Example 1: "Chu Rhetoric - Recruitment of Hidden Earth": "The king's grandson travels and does not return, and the grass grows luxuriantly in spring." The word "luxuriant" describes the lushness of spring grass. The spring grass is luxuriant, the spring light is tantalizing, and Iren has not returned, can not help but cause the thinking woman to climb the stairs and look.
Example 2: "The Grass by the Green River, Thinking of the Faraway Road" in Lefu's "Rhetoric of the Songs of Xianghe" (相和歌辭-饮马长城窟行), "The Grass by the Green River, Thinking of the Faraway Road". The song starts with the phrase "grass by the green river" and expresses the longing for someone far away.
Example 3: Bai Juyi's "Sending Farewell to the Ancient Grasses": "The wildfire is inexhaustible, and the spring breeze blows again. The distant fragrance invades the ancient road, and the green eyes catch the deserted city."
Example 4: Li Yu's "Qing Ping Le": "Hatred of separation is just like spring grass, which grows further and further away." The spring grass, which is far away from the end of the world and grows everywhere, is used as a metaphor for the sadness of parting.
(2) Flourishing Grass and Trees
⊙The grass and trees are flourished to contrast with the desolation, so as to express the feelings of prosperity and decline.
Example 1: "Ten miles past the spring breeze, all the chestnuts and wheat are green." (Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow") The very prosperous Yangzhou Road is now full of green shepherd's wheats and desolate.
Example 2: "The willows on the deserted platform of the old court are new, and the singing of the ling song is not better than spring." The willows on the deserted platform in the old court of Wu have grown new branches again (a desolate area), and when I think of the time when there were songs and dances here, the scene was even more beautiful than the spring light (not better than the spring light: the spring light was not better than it). Here is the willow's luxuriant set off the desolate.
Example 3: "The blue grass reflects the color of spring, and the yellow oriole sounds good." (Du Fu "Shu Xiang") a generation of wise ministers and their performance has disappeared, and now only reflect the green stone steps of the grass, year after year since the color of spring (spring light in vain), the oriole white issued this wonderful call, the poet lamented the past is empty, expressed deep regret.
Example 4: "The grass flowers by the Vermilion Bird Bridge, the setting sun at the mouth of Wuyi Lane." (Liu Yuxi "Wuyi Lane") Vermilion Bird Bridge by the former prosperity has disappeared, the bridge has been full of weeds and wildflowers, Wuyi Lane has lost the former opulence, the setting sun reflects the dilapidated and bleak
8, plantain
⊙ loneliness and sadness, parting, bleakness
Often associated with loneliness and sadness, especially the parting of the feelings. In the south, there is the silk and bamboo music "Raining on the Banana", which expresses the sound of desolation.
Example 1: Li Qingzhao: "Who planted the banana tree in front of the window? The shade fills the center court, and the leaves are heartfelt, and there is a sense of surrender in the scrolling." The sadness and sorrow are poured out, and the bananas are a source of resentment and sadness.
Example 2: Wu Wenying's "Tang Duoling": "Where to synthesize sorrow? The heart of a departed person is in the fall. Even if the banana is not raining, the wind is still blowing."
Example 3: Ge Shengchong's "Point Jianglip": "How many idle sorrows, how many dreams chase the rain of bananas." The rain hitting the banana is already bleak enough, the entrance of the alley, the place of farewell. The dream soul chasing after the sound of rain on the banana leaves is even more poignant.
9, red beans
⊙ love, lovesickness
Red beans that lovesickness beans, borrowed from men and women's love tokens, "Nanzhou Records," known as the sea red beans, the history of the "South China Sea people's gardens in the garden". The Materia Medica called it "Acacia".
Example 1: Wang Wei's poem "Acacia": "The red bean is born in the southern part of the country, and in the spring it grows a few branches; I wish that you would pick more of them, for they are the most acacia-inducing of all." The poet expresses his longing for his friends through the red beans born in the southern country.
Example 2: Zhu Yizun, a Qing scholar, wrote in his poem, "Wyoming Wang Jinshi Yu:" "I sleep under the red bean tree, and I think of you every day." That is to say, he sleeps under the Acacia tree and misses Wang Jinshi day after day.
10, cardamom
⊙ young girl's beauty, innocence and splendor
Cardamom is a perennial herb.
For example, Du Mu's "Farewell" says: "Gracefully curling up more than thirteen, cardamom tips in early February." Later, the woman's age of thirteen or fourteen was called the cardamom years.
11, bamboo
⊙ integrity, chastity, tenacity, indomitable, defying adversity, noble, modest
pavilion, upright and colorful, with its "frost and snow and not wither, through the four seasons and often luxuriant" character, to win the ancient and modern poets love and praise. Bai Juyi "Bamboo" in the book, bamboo metaphor for life, the dawn of virtue to cultivate the way of the world: "Bamboo seems to be virtuous, why? Bamboo is solid, solid to tree virtue, the gentleman to see its own, it is good to think about building not to be. Bamboo straight, straight to stand; gentleman to see its nature, then think neutral. Bamboo heart empty, empty like the body of the Road; gentleman to see its heart, then think about the application of false. Bamboo section chastity, chastity to set up; gentleman to see its section, it is thought to sharpen the name of the line, razing the same. If so, so the gentleman people more trees for the court solid."
Example 1: Zhang Jiuling's poem "Bamboo in the Song of Servant Lu of the Hwangmen" succinctly praises, "High temperament is valued by people, and a modest heart is known to the world."
Example 2: Su Shi's "In the Qian monk Green筠轩" has a famous line about bamboo: "I would rather eat without meat than live without bamboo. No meat is thin, no bamboo makes people vulgar. Thin people can still be fat, Shi vulgar can not be healed." Bamboo is regarded as the highest symbol of a famous scholar's demeanor.
Example 3: Zheng Banqiao, a lifetime of bamboo painting bamboo, leaving a lot of bamboo lines, such as: "Bite the green mountain does not let go, the root of the original in the broken rock. Thousands of grinding ten thousand blows is still strong, let the east and west, south and north winds." Praise the standing in the rocks of the bamboo firm tenacity, indomitable bones and defy adversity, the endowment of prosperity.
12, corn.
⊙ The sadness of the country's present and past decline.
Canonical reference is to the Poetry Scriptures - Wang Feng - Kibi Li (黍离). It is said that after King Ping of the Zhou Dynasty moved to the east, the Zhou Dynasty officials passed by the ancient capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty and lamented the destruction of the palace and the temple, which was full of millet, so they composed the poem "Kibi Li" to express their sadness. In later times, the poem "Kibi" was used to express the sadness of a fallen country, such as the decline of the past and the present.
For example, in Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow", there is a poem that reads: "I have a sense of pathos, a sense of the present and the past, and I have composed this song. Thousands of rock old man thought that there is 'Kibi' of sadness."
13, lilac:
⊙ sadness or complex
For example: "Since the Nanpu parting, sadness to see the lilac knot" (the highest peak of the Tang Niu Thanksgiving),
14 yellow leaves: withering maturity, the beauty of the late metabolism
15 green leaves: vitality, hope, vitality
16 red leaves: the life force, hope, vitality
15 green leaves: the life force, hope, vitality
16 red leaves: the life force, hope, vitality
16 red leaves: a substitute for the transmission of love, later borrowed to refer to the transmission of love through poetry.
17 Blossom: hope Youth The splendor of life
18 Blossom fall: withering Disappointment The frustration of life and career Sadness of spring The lingering love and remembrance of beautiful things.
19 Peach Blossom: Symbolizing Beauty As in Cui Gu's "Question on the South Village of the Capital City", "Last year at this gate, the peach blossoms on the face of the people reflect each other in red. I don't know where the human face has gone, but the peach blossoms are still smiling in the spring breeze."
20Orchid: high and pure
21Peony: rich and beautiful
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