Poetry is a genre of literature that reflects social life in a lyrical, highly condensed and concentrated way, expressing thoughts and feelings with rich imagination, rhythmic and rhythmic language and in arranged lines. Poetry is a form of language art with rhythm, rhyme and emotional color, and it is also the oldest and most basic form of literature in the world. It is also the oldest and most basic form of literature in the world. Poetry originated from the social life in the ancient times, and it is a rhythmic and emotional form of language produced by labor and production, love between the two sexes, and primitive religion. Shangshu. Yu Shu: "Poetry speaks of the will, songs sing of the word, sound is based on the eternal, the rhythm and the sound." The Book of Rites. Records of Music: "Poetry, to speak its will; song, to sing its voice; dance, to move its face; the three are in the heart, and then musical instruments from it." In the early days, poetry and song were combined with music and dance. Poetry is the lyrics, in the actual performance is always with the music, dance and singing, later poetry, song, music and dance are developed separately, independent of the body, poetry and song collectively referred to as poetry.
General description of poetic styles
The classification of poetic styles is a complex issue. Now, only on the general view, briefly talk about the Han, Wei, six dynasties and the Tang and Song poetic style.
The poems of the Han, Wei, and Sixth Dynasties are generally known as ancient poems, which include the ancient rhetoric of the Han and Wei Lefu, the folk songs of the North and South Dynasties Lefu, and the poems of the literati of this period. Lefu was originally the name of an official office. Lefu song lyrics were collected by the Lefu organs and set to music for it to be sung. The chapter "Wenxin Diao Long - Lefu" says: "All music words are said to be poems, and the sound of poems is said to be songs." From this we can see the relationship between the three concepts of poetry, song and music: poetry refers to the poet's song, song refers to the music that goes with the poem, and music refers to both. Later on, the works written with the old music or imitating the music genre, though without music, were also called music. In the Middle Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi and others initiated a new music movement, creating new themes and writing about current events, which was called new music.
After the Tang Dynasty, poetry can be roughly divided into two categories: proximity poetry and ancient poetry. The first one is called the "New Style Poetry", and the second one is called the "Ancient Style Poetry". The ancient style of poetry is generally called ancient style, which is written in accordance with the ancient style of poetry, the form is relatively free, not subject to the constraints of the meter.
In terms of the number of words in a verse, there are the so-called quatrains, pentameter and heptameter. Quatrains are four-character lines, pentameter is five-character lines, and heptameter is seven-character lines. After the Tang Dynasty, quatrains were rare, so they were usually divided into only two categories: pentameter and heptameter. Five-character poems are abbreviated as wugu; seven-character poems are abbreviated as qigu; and those in which three, five, or seven characters are used in combination are generally counted as qigu. The pentameter poems are referred to as pentameter, with a limit of eight lines of forty characters; the heptameter poems are referred to as heptameter, with a limit of eight lines of fifty-six characters. Those with more than eight stanzas are called long stanzas. Long stanzas are usually pentameter. Only four lines are called stanzas; five stanzas*** twenty words, seven stanzas*** twenty-eight words. The stanzas can be categorized into two types: the regular stanzas and the ancient stanzas. The absolute is subject to the limitations of level and oblique meter, while the ancient absolute is never subject to the limitations of level and oblique meter. The ancient absolute is generally limited to five.
The name "Modern Poetry" was first used in 1953, when Jixin founded the Modern Poetry Society. The meaning of modern poetry:
1. Form is free
2. Connotation is open
3. Imagery is more important than rhetoric.
Comparison of "classical poetry" and "modern poetry": "Poetry" is a reflection of the mind. "Classical poetry is based on the poetic concept of "thinking without evil", expressing tenderness and generosity, mourning without resentment, and emphasizing "between the solvable and the insolvable". "Modern poetry emphasizes the spirit of freedom and openness, and communicates "between the palpable and the impalpable" through frank statements of situation.
Poetry has the following main parts:
(a) The origin of poetry
Poetry is the oldest and most literary style. It comes from the labor trumpets and folk songs of ancient people, and was originally a general term for poetry and song. In the beginning, poetry and song were not divided, poetry and music, dance combined together, collectively known as poetry. Chinese poetry has a long history and rich heritage, such as, "The Book of Songs", "Chu Ci" and "Han Lefu" as well as the works of countless poets. Poetry in Western Europe was initiated by poets such as Homer and Sappho in Ancient Greece and Virgil and Horace in Ancient Rome.
(B) the characteristics of poetry
Poetry is a highly concentrated general reflection of social life of a literary genre, it is full of the author's thoughts and feelings and rich in imagination, the language is cohesive and strong figurative, with a distinctive rhythm, harmonious rhythms, rich in the beauty of the music, the statements are generally arranged in rows, pay attention to the beauty of the structural form.
China's modern poet and literary critic He Qifang once said: "Poetry is a literary style that reflects social life in the most concentrated way, it is full of rich imagination and feelings, often expressed in a direct lyrical way, and in the degree of refinement and harmony, especially in the rhythm of the distinctive language, which is different from the language of prose. " This defining statement summarizes several basic features of poetry: first, highly concentrated and generalized reflection of life; second, lyrical speech, full of rich thoughts and feelings; third, rich imagination, association and fantasy; fourth, the language has a musical beauty.
(C) Poetic expression
There are many poetic expression methods, the earliest popular in our country and still often used
traditional expression methods are "fugue, than, Xing". The preface of the Mao Poetry" said: "Therefore, the poem has six meanings: one is said to be wind, two is said to be fugue, three is said to be more than, four is said to be Xing, five is said to be elegant, six is said to be ode."
The "six meanings" in the "wind, elegance, ode" refers to the "Classic of Poetry" of the types of poetry, "fugue, than, Xing" is the poem in the expression.
Fugue: is a direct statement of things. Zhu Xi, a scholar of the Song Dynasty, said in his commentary on "Poetry Collection Biography", "The fugue, the presentation of the matter and straight talk." For example, "Ge Qin" and "Plantain" in "The Book of Songs" use this technique.
Than: It is a metaphorical way to depict things and express thoughts and feelings. Liu Innocence in the "Wenxin Diao Long - than Xing" said: "and what is called than also? Cover write things to attach meaning, Yang speech to cut things also." Zhu Xi said: "than, to the other thing than this thing also." For example, "Poetry" in the "katydid", "mouse" and other articles written in this way.
Xing: is to object rise, that is, borrowing a thing at the beginning to cause the main topic to describe the things and express thoughts and feelings of the writing method. In the Tang Dynasty, Kong Yingda said in the "Justice of Mao Poetry": "Xing is also a starting point. Taking analogies and citing categories, starting to send their own hearts, poetry and literature all cite grass, trees, birds and animals to see the meaning of the person, all Xing rhetoric also." Zhu Xi pointed out even more clearly, "Xing is the first to speak of other things to cause the words of the chorus." For example, in the Book of Songs, "Guan Ju", "Tao Yao" and other articles are the expression of "Xing".
These three methods of expression have been passed down, often used in a comprehensive manner, complementing each other, and have had a great impact on the creation of poetry through the ages.
There are a lot of expressive techniques in poetry, and they have been constantly developed and created over the generations, and their use has been flexible and varied, with exaggerations, repetitions, overlaps, jumps, and so on, which is difficult to describe. But all kinds of methods are inseparable from the imagination, rich imagination is not only a major feature of poetry, but also one of the most important means of expression in poetry. In poetry, there is another important means of expression is symbolization. Symbolism, simply put, is "to symbolize righteousness", but in modern poetry, symbols are also expressed as direct images of the mind, which should be noted. With the modern point of view, poetry image-building techniques, the main three:
1. Comparison. Liu Innocence in the book "Wenxin Diao Long" said: simulation is "or metaphor in the sound, or square in the appearance, or to the heart, or analogous to the event." There are many examples of this in the poems we listed earlier. There is another common technique in simulation, which is "anthropomorphization": anthropomorphizing an object, or anthropomorphizing a person. The former, such as Xu Zhimo's Farewell to Hongqiao: gently I go, / as I gently come; / I gently wave, / farewell to the clouds of the western sky. The golden willow on the riverbank, / is the bride in the sunset; / the colorful shadow in the waves, / ripples in my heart. The "clouds" and "golden willows" are treated as human beings. For example, Love's "Because of the Wind": ...... My heart is as bright as the candlelight in front of your window / A little ambiguity is inevitable / Because of the wind / ...... With the love of my whole life / I am a light / I am a fire / I may go out at any time. / Because of the wind. Compare "my heart" to a candle, and me to a lamp. Of course, in the final analysis, the essence is still "anthropomorphism".
2. Exaggeration. That is, the things to be depicted to enlarge, as if the movie "capitalization" "close-up" shots, in order to attract the reader's attention and associations. Li Bai's "Peach Blossom Pond is a thousand feet deep, less than Wang Lun sent me love" ("gift Wang Lun") "flying straight down three thousand feet, suspected that the Milky Way fell nine days" ("look at the Lushan waterfalls"), which said that the "deep thousand feet "" three thousand feet ", although not the truth, but the image he shaped, but vividly show the characteristics of things, expressed the poet's passion, the reader can not only accept, and can be convinced, very surprised. However, this kind of exaggeration, must be artistic, beautiful, not too absurd, or too real, too vulgar. For example, there is a poem describing the cotton harvest: "a cotton to make a bale / press the truck head warped / head warped, three feet high / as if an anti-aircraft gun." After reading, but rather make people feel unreal, produce not a beautiful feeling.
3. Borrowing. That is, to take this thing instead of the other thing. It is similar to the comparison
, but different, the difference is that: the comparison is generally more than the things compared to be specific, visible; and borrowing is a party specific, a party more abstract, between the concrete and abstract bridge, so that the image of the poem is more distinctive, prominent, in order to trigger the reader's associations. This is what Ai Qing said, "to give wings to thought, to give clothes to feelings, to give color to the voice, so that the passing of the shifting condensation."
To shape the image of poetry, not only can we use the material taken from the perspective to depict the picture, we can also use the material obtained from the hearing, touch and other senses to reflect the image from various aspects, so as to make it sound and colorful, vivid and original. The Tang Dynasty poet Jia Dao rode on a donkey and chanted, "Birds stay in the trees by the pool, monks push the door under the moon," but he also felt that "monks knocking on the door under the moon" could also be used. Whether it is "push" or "knock", he could not decide, he used his hand as a knock, unexpectedly the donkey blocked the way of a big official, this person is a great writer Han Yu, when the guards will be brought to Jia Island in front of his horse, Jia told the truth, Han pondered for a long time, said it is still better to use the word knock! Han pondered for a long time and said it would be better to use the word "knock". Because the word "knock" has a sound, in the moonlit night in the mountains, there are one or two knocks on the door, which makes the scene "alive", and also makes the environment more silent. The aforementioned "crows" and "bells" of "Night Mooring on the Maple Bridge" are also the finishing touches of the poem. There is also the musical description in Bai Juyi's Pipa Xing, "Big pearls fall from a jade disk", which is very realistic and wonderful! Modern such as Huang He Lang's "Morning Song": "And the reef / listening stubbornly / beyond the sound of the wind, rain and waves / vague / dawn / Lingquan Temple's morning bell / just like Drum Mountain springs / distant response / faint faint faintly knocked down / a few sparse stars / and the red corolla of the / powerful cockcrow / as if across the sea / crowing bright one day of the morning sun / as the tide rushes. This poem is also well written. So if we master the technique of shaping images with sound, it will open up a broader field for poetry.
Whether it is a comparison, exaggeration, or borrowing, it all depends on the poet's keen observation of the objective things, incorporating their own emotions, and boldly imagined, or even
even fantasized. It can be said that, whether it is romantic or realistic, no imagination (fantasy), will not become a poet. For example, Li Bai, known for his boldness, is certainly rich in imagination, poetic style, and Du Fu, known for his realism, has also written such as "An get a wide building ten million rooms ...... when the eye suddenly see this house ...... " ("thatched roof broken for the autumn wind song") and "fragrant mist cloud maid wet, clear light jade arm cold. When will I lean on the false front, and dry my tears?" ("Moonlight Night"). ("Moonlit Night") and so on.
(D) Classification of ancient Chinese poetry
1. Poetry can be divided into two categories: ancient poetry and proximate poetry. Ancient poetry and proximate poetry is a concept formed in the Tang Dynasty, which is divided from the point of view of the sound of the poem.
(1) Ancient poetry: including ancient poetry (poetry before the Tang Dynasty), Chu Rhetoric, Lefu poetry. "Song", "song line", "citation", "song", "guin " and other ancient poetic genres of poetry also belong to the ancient style of poetry. Ancient style poems do not emphasize on the counterpoint, and the rhyme is more free. The development trajectory of ancient style poetry: The Classic of Poetry → Chu Rhetoric → Han Fugue → Han Lefu → Wei, Jin, North and South Dynasties folk songs → Jian'an Poetry → Tao Poetry and other literati quintuple poems → the Tang Dynasty's ancient style, new music.
① Chu Rhetoric: a form of poetry created by Qu Yuan of the State of Chu during the Warring States period, characterized by the use of Chu local language, sound and rhyme, with a strong Chu color. Liu Xiang of the Eastern Han Dynasty edited the "Chu Rhetoric", the book of seventeen, to Qu Yuan's works, and Qu Yuan's works to "Li Sao" as a masterpiece, and later called "Chu Rhetoric" for "Sao".
② Lefu: this is the name of the official office in charge of music during the Han Dynasty, later became the name of the poem. Han, Wei, the North and South Dynasties, the collection and creation of musical songs, referred to as music. The poems written by poets in the Wei, Jin, and Tang Dynasties and thereafter to be called Lefu became Lefu and Lefu, even though they were not music. For example, "The Song of the Royal Edicts," "The Poem of Mulan," and "The Walk of Short Songs" (Cao Cao). Generally speaking, some of the titles of the music poems
Add "song", "line", "citation", "song", "chant", "chant", "chant", "chant", "chant", "chant", "chant", "chant", "chant", "chant", "chant", "chant". "chant" and so on.
③ Song and line style: a variation of the Lefu poem. After the Han and Wei music poetry, the title for the "song" "line" quite a lot, although the two names are different, in fact, there is no strict difference, are the meaning of the "song", its syllables, meter is generally free, the form is in five lines. Are relatively free, the form of five words, seven words, miscellaneous words of the ancient style, rich in change, and then there is "song line" body. To the Tang Dynasty, the early Tang poets to write Lefu poetry, in addition to the use of Han Wei six dynasties Lefu old title, there have been a few poets to set up a new title, although the rhetoric for the Lefu, has not been limited to the sound of the law, so it is called the new Lefu. This kind of poetry, to Li Bai, Du Fu and great development. For example, Du Fu's "sad Chen Tao", "mourn the head of the river", "soldier car line", "Lillian line", Bai Juyi's many works, the form of its use of the Lefu song line body, most of the three words, seven words mixed use.
(2) near-poetry: with the ancient style of poetry relative to the near-poetry, also known as the present style of poetry, is the formation of the Tang Dynasty, a kind of metrical poetry, divided into two kinds, the number of words, the number of sentences, the level of the rhyme, rhyme and so on, there are strict provisions.
① a called "stanzas", each four lines, five words of the abbreviation of five, seven words of the abbreviation of seven.
② a called "rhythmic poetry", each eight lines, five lines of the abbreviation of the five, seven lines of the abbreviation of the seven, more than eight lines is called the row of rhythm (or long rhythm).
Legal poems are extremely strict, there are fixed sentences (except for the rhymes), fixed words, fixed rhymes (rhyming position is fixed), fixed words (the tone of the words in the poem is fixed), and fixed pairs (the middle two lines of the poem must be matched). For example, in the Rhythmic Poetry, which originated in the North and South Dynasties and matured in the early Tang Dynasty, there are eight lines in four couplets in each poem, and the number of words in each line must be the same, which can be in four or five rhymes, the middle two couplets must be in contrast with each other, and the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth lines rhyme with each other, while the first line can be in contrast with the second line. If in the poems on the basis of a fixed pattern to be laid out to continue to more than ten lines, it is called the row of law, in addition to the first and last two lines, the upper and lower sentences need to be contrasting, there are also relative to each other, known as the "fan pair". Again, only four lines and two couplets, also known as the absolute poem, cut off the sentence, broken sentence, level and oblique, rhyme, couplets have certain requirements.
(3) words: also known as poetry, long and short sentences, songs, songs, words, music and so on. Its characteristics: the tune has a fixed frame, a fixed number of sentences, words have a fixed sound. The number of words can be categorized into long tunes (more than 91 words), middle tunes (59~90 words), and small orders (58 words or less). Words can be divided into monotone and diatonic, diatonic is divided into two large sections, the level and number of words in the two sections are equal or roughly equal, monotone has only one section. A section of a word is called a section or a piece, and the first section is called the first section, the first section, the first piece, and the second section is called the second section, the second section, the next section, the next piece.
(4) Qu: also known as the word Yu, music. Yuanqu includes loose songs and miscellaneous plays. Prose song rose in the Jin, flourished in the Yuan, the style is similar to the word. Characteristics: can be in the number of words outside the frame plus the liner notes, more use of colloquialisms. Prose song includes two kinds of songs: Xiao Ling and Suo Nu (set of songs). Sets are coherent sets of songs, at least two songs, more dozens of songs. Each set of number is the first song of the song as a full set of song name, the full set must be the same Gong tone. It does not Binbai Kesui, only for singing.
2. According to the content to be categorized: can be divided into narrative poems, lyric poems, farewell poems, border poems, landscape and garden poems, wistful poems (ahistorical poems), ahistorical poems, mourning poems, satirical poems.
(1) Ancient poems.
Generally, they are nostalgic for the people and deeds of ancient times. The poems are often twisted together with historical facts and reality, or lamenting personal encounters, or attacking social reality. For example, Su Shi "Nian Nujiao - Red Cliff Huai Gu", lamenting personal encounters, the contradiction between ideals and reality, more than half a hundred years old, the work is not accomplished. Xin Qiji's "Yongyoule - Jingkou Beigu Pavilion Huaigu" expresses dissatisfaction with the court and attacks the social reality. Some poems about history are only calm and rational thinking and evaluation of history, or only objective narratives, in which the poet's own encounters are not included, and the poet's feelings are only a voice outside the picture. For example, Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane" expresses the poet's sense of the vicissitudes of history by comparing the present with the past.
(2) Aria.
Characteristics of aria poetry: the content of an object as the object of description, to seize some of its features to describe. Ideology is often to object to express their aspirations. From the object to the person, from the real to the virtual, write the spiritual character. Commonly used metaphor, symbolism, anthropomorphism, contrast and other means of expression.
(3) Landscape idylls.
Xie Lingyun of the Southern Dynasties pioneered landscape poetry, Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty pioneered idyllic poetry, and in the Tang Dynasty, there was a school of landscape and idyllic poetry, represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. Landscape idyllic poetry to describe the natural scenery, rural scenery and the ease of living in seclusion is characterized by the poetry of timeless and beautiful, quiet and elegant style, the language is clear and concise.
(4) War poetry.
From the pre-Qin Dynasty, there were poems about the border, war as the theme, the development of the Tang Dynasty, due to the war is still frequent, the rulers emphasize the military and light literature, the scholar invited to the border to gain fame than by the imperial examination into the body much easier, coupled with the Tang Dynasty, the kind of positive use of the world, the atmosphere of the times of the high and progressive, so the strange feelings of the magnificent border poems will be greatly developed, the formation of a new school of poetry, and the representative figures are Gao Shi, Cen Sen, Wang Changling, and Wang Changling. Wang Changling.
(5) Traveling poems and poems of passion.
Ancient people or long time eunuchs outside, or long-term displacement, or long garrison border, will always cause strong homesickness, so this kind of poetry is especially much, they or write the thoughts of detention, or write the thoughts of friends and relatives, or write the draftsmen homesickness, or write the bosom of the pregnant woman. Writing or touching the scene of sadness, or feeling the feelings of the time, or to the object to pass the feelings, or because of the dream sent feelings, or a wonderful metaphor to pass the feelings.
(6) Farewell poems.
In ancient times, due to the inconvenience of transportation and underdeveloped communication, it was often difficult to see friends and relatives for several years, so the ancients attached special importance to parting. On the occasion of parting, people often set up a wine farewell, willow send-off, and sometimes have to recite poems to say goodbye, so the feeling of parting has become an eternal theme of the ancient literati. Because of the different circumstances of each person, the specific content and ideological tendency of the farewell poem is often different. Some of the direct expression of the feelings of parting, some of the use of a spit in the chest of the accumulated anger or to show that the will of the heart, some of the heavy in the writing of parting sadness and hatred, some of the heavy in the exhortation, encouragement, consolation, and some of both.
(E) Classification of Modern Poetry
There are many ways to categorize poetry, which can be divided into different kinds according to different principles and standards. The basic ones are as follows:
1. Narrative and lyric poetry. This is divided according to the expression of the content of the work.
(1) Narrative poetry: the poem has a relatively complete storyline and characterization, usually expressed in the way the poet sings with passion. Epic poems, story poems, poetic novels and so on belong to this category. Epic poems such as the ancient Greek Homer's Iliad and Odyssey; story poems such as China's poet Li Ji's Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang; poetic novels such as the British poet Byron's Don Juan, the Russian poet Pushkin's Yevgeny Onegin.
(2) Lyric poetry: mainly through the direct expression of the poet's thoughts and feelings to reflect social life, does not require the description of the complete storyline and characterization. For example, love songs, odes, laments, elegies, pastoral songs and satirical poems. There are many such works, not to be listed.
Of course, narrative and lyric are not absolutely separate. Narrative poetry also has a certain lyricism, but its lyricism requires close integration with the narrative. Lyric poetry is also often a narrative of certain pieces of life, but can not be spread, should be subordinate to the need for lyricism.
2. Metrical poetry, free verse and prose poetry. This is in accordance with the works of the language of rhyme and rhythm and structural form of categorization.
(1) metrical poetry: poetry written according to a certain format and rules. It is the number of lines of poetry, the number of words (or syllables), tone and rhyme, words, sentence arrangement, etc. There are strict provisions, such as, China's ancient poetry in the "rhythmic poetry" "stanzas" and "words" and "song" and "poetry". " "Song", the European "sonnet".
(2) free verse: is a modern European and American new development of a form of poetry. It is not subject to metrical constraints, no fixed format, focus on the natural, internal rhythm, rhyme or not rhyme, the number of words, the number of lines, sentence style, intonation are relatively free, the language is relatively common. The American poet Whitman (1819-1892) is the founder of free verse in Europe and America, and Leaves of Grass is his main collection of poems. This style of poetry has also been popular in China since the May Fourth Movement.
(3) prose poetry: a literary genre characterized by both prose and poetry. The work has a poetic mood and passion, often philosophical, focusing on the natural rhythm and musical beauty, short, like prose, not divided into lines, do not rhyme, such as Lu Xun's "Weeds".
(F) Bai Park, "Tianjingsha - Autumn" Appreciation
When it comes to "Autumn", people's first reaction is that the household name, popular "Tianjingsha - Autumn Thoughts" (made by Ma Zhiyuan). Unbeknownst to them, there are a lot of Yuan dynasty compositions written about "autumn", and the most evocative one is Bai Pu's "Tianjingsha - Autumn". If Ma Zhiyuan is called "the ancestor of autumn thoughts", then Bai Pu should be regarded as "the saint of autumn". The first two lines of this song Bai Park with the pen like rafters, in the case of not with a predicate, skillfully juxtaposed six groups of nouns to describe a picture of the ground and the sky of the harmony of the picture: the sun is flat in the west, the sunset sky, the village is covered with the slanting sunshine; the smoke curls up a few as if condensed, the old tree branches do not move the lines, crows tree feathers drop out of the branches.
The second sentence is a special scene in the first two sentences of the description of the scope of a corner.
In the midst of this peaceful autumn scene, a goose suddenly swept past, flying down to the ground. The sudden appearance of this dynamic, breaking the perception of the quiet scene, so that the heart for a move. "A little" shows that "flying" distance of the distance, "under the shadow" shows the speed of the speed!
The third sentence is the sentence that best conveys the spirit of autumn. First of all, the perspective of the combination of near and far, the distance is the autumn mountains and autumn water, and has a characteristic color - green and green; near is the autumn plants: grass, leaves and flowers, white, red, yellow is a harmonious foil, colorful, constituting a beautiful "autumn scroll", rendering the autumn scenery, conveying the message that the autumn is the most beautiful and the most beautiful. It renders the autumn scenery and conveys the richness of autumn. Secondly, the whole sentence is not a "fall" word and everywhere see "autumn", so-called "not a word, all the wind flow"! This is exactly where the author's brilliance lies!
Looking at the whole song, its structure is novel and chic, that is, "laying out the static scene - the intermediary Feihong moving scene - laying out the static scene", standardized and not dull; secondly, the chapter on the static and dynamic Secondly, the chapter on the combination of static and dynamic, change and not monotonous; again, if the first two sentences of this song of the autumn scenery can not help but seem quiet, cold, then to the third sentence, the mood change, more obvious sparse, clear and. These show the author's skillful refining skills and conceptualization skills.
(VII) Guo Moruo "Market in the Sky" Appreciation
Guo Moruo's poems have always been known for the strong emotional catharsis, his "Phoenix Nirvana" passionate and majestic; his "Tengu" with the momentum of the annihilation of everything; his "Morning Calm", "Coal in the Furnace" used to make our hearts beat more than. But this poem is calm and peaceful, beautiful and fresh. The poet was studying in Japan when he wrote this poem. Like many Chinese students at that time, he had nostalgia for his motherland in his heart, and was confused about his ideal future. The poet had to think about these things with the help of nature, and often wandered on the seashore. One night, the poet walked by the sea, looked up at the beautiful sky and the sparkling stars, and his mood became cheerful. The poet seemed to have found his ideal, and he wrote about it in his poem
- it seemed to be a vision of heavenly paradise.
The poet compares the stars to streetlights. Dots of stars are scattered on the sky, and the faraway world causes people to think about it infinitely. Streetlights are a common sight, very close to us, almost everywhere. The poet compares the distant streetlights to the stars in the sky, and the stars in the sky to the streetlights on earth. Is it the poet's hallucination, or does the poet want to introduce us to "the misty air"? In the poet's mind, the earth and the sky are one and the same.
There is a market in the misty sky, a prosperous and beautiful market. There are many items on display there, which are treasures of the earth. The poet did not write specifically about these treasures, leaving us a great deal of room for imagination, and we can take them as something we need, something that brings us peace of mind and comfort.
It was not only a market, but also a scene of life. That is separated by the shallow river of heaven on the love of life and death of the Cowherd, the Weaving Maiden, in what kind of life? Are they still guarding the Milky Way and can only look at each other from afar? "Surely they can ride their oxen to and fro", said the poet. On that beautiful night, they must have been roaming around the marketplace where there were so many treasures and wonders. The shooting stars are the lanterns they carry in their hands. In a few simple words, the myth that has been passed down for thousands of years has been overturned, and the tragedy and people's sighs of love and sorrow for thousands of years have been dissolved.
The style of this poem is quiet, with natural and fresh language, neat phrases, harmonious and beautiful rhyme, expressing the poet's pure ideal. The mood is ordinary, the rhythm is slow, like a thin stream, like ripples. But it is this plain mood brings us a rich imagination, so that our minds roam with the poem in the distant sky, galloping beautiful dreams.