One: Hide under a table or other sturdy furniture
A big shake lasts about a minute. First, take cover under a table that has a low center of gravity and is sturdy, and hold on to the legs of the table. If there is no table to hide under, protect your head with a cushion or something else.
Second, turn off the fire immediately when it shakes, and put out the fire immediately when it breaks out
When there is a big earthquake, there are situations where you can't rely on the fire trucks to put out the fire. Therefore, this effort by each of us to turn off the fire and extinguish it is an important factor in minimizing the earthquake disaster.
There are three chances to turn off the fire in an earthquake
The first chance At the time of a small tremor before a big one: At the moment of sensing a small tremor, immediately greet each other with "Earthquake! Turn off the fire!" , turning off heating stoves, gas stoves, etc. that are in use.
Second chance: When the big shaking stops: If you turn off the fire when the big shaking occurs, the kettle that is on top of the gas stove or heater will fall down, and it will be very dangerous. Turn off the fire after the big shake stops.
3rd chance After the fire: Even if there is a fire, it can be put out within 1-2 minutes. To be able to put out the fire quickly, always place fire extinguishers and fire buckets close to the place where the fire is being used.
Three, do not panic to run outdoors
After the earthquake, panic to run outside, broken glass, roof tiles, billboards, etc. fell on the body, is very dangerous. In addition, concrete prefabricated panel walls, vending machines, etc. are also at risk of collapse, do not approach these objects.
Four, open the door to ensure that the exit
The reinforced concrete structure of the house, etc., due to the earthquake shaking will cause the doors and windows are misaligned, can not open the door, there have been cases of people were closed in the house. Please open the door to secure the exit.
Fifth, outdoor occasions, to protect the head, avoid dangerous places
In the busy street, building area, the most dangerous is the glass window, billboards and other things fall down to hurt people. You need to protect your head with your hands or a handbag. In the building area, according to the situation, into the building to hide safer.
Sixth: Follow the instructions of the staff in department stores and theaters
The most frightening thing about department stores and underground shopping malls is the chaos that occurs when there are a lot of people there. Please follow the instructions of the store staff and security personnel.
7. Pull over to the side of the road and do not drive in controlled areas
When a major earthquake occurs, it is difficult to drive a car because you can't get a grip on the steering wheel as if the tires have been deflated. It is important to pay attention and avoid intersections to stop the car by the side of the road. In order not to impede the passage of evacuees and emergency vehicles, leave the center of the road open.
Eight: Be aware of landslides, rockfalls and tsunamis
If you are on the side of a mountain or in a steeply sloping area, there is a danger of a landslide or rockfall, so you should evacuate quickly to a safe place.
9. Evacuate on foot with minimal belongings
Evacuation methods should be based on citizens' disaster prevention organizations, streets, etc., and should be led by the person in charge and police officers, etc., and evacuate on foot with minimal belongings. You should never evacuate by car or bicycle.
Ten, do not listen to rumors, do not act rashly
In the event of a major earthquake, people are prone to psychological shaking. To prevent confusion, it is extremely important for everyone to act calmly based on correct information.
Emergency measures in various situations when an earthquake arrives
1. What emergency preparations should be made before the earthquake?
In areas where destructive earthquakes occur frequently, especially in areas where the government has officially issued earthquake forecasts, every family should make serious preparations to cope with earthquakes.
1, family members should usually be familiar with earthquake knowledge, master the basic earthquake methods, before and after the earthquake do not listen to and spread rumors. 2, after the release of the earthquake forecast, the court should be ready to food, water, flashlights, towels, simple clothing, plastic sheeting and simple tents, radios, pagers, etc., on the gas, electricity, etc., to do a good job of shutting down the emergency preparedness. 3, flammable, explosive, poisonous substances should not be placed in the Indoors, to be properly placed. The higher furniture is not stacked on the bulky items. 4, the main door of the house, the hallway, corridors, not stacked debris, in order to facilitate the evacuation of people. 5, after the release of the earthquake forecast, family members are to listen to the command of the local government, according to the designated route and location of the evacuation.
2, the earthquake, the evacuation of people should avoid what places?
Tall buildings, narrow alleyways, high-voltage lines, transformers, steep slopes, river banks.
3, the earthquake, how to carry out personal protection?
a. If you are indoors, you should hide under the solid furniture nearby, such as writing desk, sturdy bed, under the edge of the kang of the rural kang, and also hide in the corner of the wall or pipeline, good overall small span of the bathroom and the kitchen and so on. Be careful not to hide under the window of the outer wall, in the elevator room, not to mention jumping off the building, which are very dangerous. b. If you are in a classroom, quickly hold your head, close your eyes, and crouch under your respective desks under the command of your teacher. Once the earthquake stops, evacuate quickly and orderly, and do not crowd when evacuating. c. If you are in a theater, stadium, or restaurant, quickly hold your head and lie down under the seat; you can also take shelter under the stage or music pit; the audience at the door can quickly run out of the door or inside the stadium. d. If you are outside, try to stay away from narrow streets, tall buildings, high chimneys, transformers, glass-walled buildings, elevated bridges, and places where dangerous or flammable materials are stored. e. If you are in a building, try to stay away from the building. f. If you are in a building, try to stay away from the building, but don't jump out of it. hazardous or flammable materials. After the earthquake stops, do not run back into buildings that have not collapsed to prevent injury from aftershocks. e. If you are in a department store, hide close to pillars or large merchandise, but avoid glass cabinets as much as possible. When you are upstairs, watch for opportunities to gradually move to the ground floor. f. If you are in a factory shop, crouch close to large machine tools and equipment, but be careful to leave dangerous locations such as power, gas, and fire sources. g. If you are in a moving automobile, tram, or train, hold on to the handrails to avoid falls and bruises, and watch out for falling luggage that could hurt someone. h. If you are in a car, tram, or train, hold on to the handrails to avoid falling and bruises. For those whose seats are facing the direction of luggage, they can lean their arms against the front chairs to protect their heads and faces; for those whose backs are facing the direction of luggage, they can protect the back of their heads with both hands and raise their knees to protect their stomachs and tighten up their bodies. After an earthquake, quickly get out of the car and move to an open area. h. Wherever you take shelter, try to protect your head with a quilt, pillow, school bag or other soft object. i. If you are using an open flame, use a fire to protect your head. ii. If an open fire is being used, quickly put it out.
4. How to properly cope with the special hazards of an earthquake?
When encountering a gas leak, use a wet towel or wet clothes to cover your mouth and nose, do not use open flames, do not switch on or off electrical appliances, and pay attention to preventing impacts between metal objects. When encountering a fire, to lie on the ground, with a wet towel to cover the mouth, nose, against the wind creeping transfer to a safe area. When encountering a toxic gas leak, use a wet towel to cover your mouth and nose, and run upwind to the windward direction.
5, what self-help measures should be taken after the earthquake?
People buried by collapsed buildings in a major earthquake, as long as the consciousness is awake, the body does not have major trauma, should be firm confidence in the rescue, properly protect themselves, and actively implement self-help. a. To try to use a wet towel, clothing, or other fabrics to cover the mouth, nose, and head, to prevent choking and suffocation of dust, but also to avoid further collapse of the building caused by the injuries. b. As far as possible to move the hands and feet, to Remove dust and dirt from the face and objects on the body. c. Support heavy objects above the body with objects that can be moved around to avoid further collapse; expand the space for activities and keep enough air. d. When several people are buried at the same time, encourage each other, **** the same plan, unite and cooperate, and take action to escape from the danger if necessary. e. Look for and avoid passages, try to escape from the danger, and move towards the safer, more spacious place with light. f. If you can't find a way out at once, try to escape from the danger, and move towards a place where there is light. g. If you can't find a way out at once, try to escape from the danger. Move towards a safer and more spacious area with light. f. If you are unable to get out of danger at once, try to conserve your energy. If you can find substitutes and water, plan to use them sparingly to survive as long as possible until you are rescued. g. Save your strength and do not blindly call out for help. When it is very quiet around you, or when you hear someone moving around above (outside), use bricks, iron pipes, and other objects to bang on the walls to send a message to the outside world. When it is determined that there are people not far away, then call for help.
6, after the earthquake should follow the principles of mutual aid?
Mutual rescue refers to the people who have been out of danger and specialized rescue personnel to rescue people buried in the rubble. In order to maximize the rescue of people in distress, the following principles should be followed: a. First save the buried people more places, that is, "first more after less". b. First save the near buried people, that is, "first near after the far". c. First save easy to save the people, that is, "first easy after the difficult". d. First save the people, that is, "first easy after the difficult". e. First save the people. f. First save the people, that is, "first easy after the difficult". g. First save the people. h. First save the people, that is, "first easy after the hard".
d. Rescue the lightly injured and strong people first, and expand the rescue team, that is, "light first, then heavy". e. If there are medical personnel buried, they should be rescued first, and increase the rescue force.
7. How to find people who are buried after an earthquake?
The use of rescue dogs and the measurement of trace carbon dioxide gas can easily locate people in distress. However, in order to save time, you can also use simple methods to find the buried survivors. First, ask the survivors who know the situation to find out who lived in which buildings, whether they were out when the earthquake occurred, and what their living habits were, and then look for reliable clues. The second is to see, observe the situation of the debris superposition, especially live in the parts of the people whether there is room for survival; also to observe the debris in the traces of people crawling or blood stains. Third, listen, listen to the movement of survivors. Listening to the method is: to lie down and listen carefully to the ear; the use of quiet at night to listen to; while knocking (or whistling) while listening. Sometimes you knock and he also knocks, inside and outside will be connected. The fourth is to analyze, analyze the original structure of the collapsed building, use, materials, levels, collapse conditions, to determine the survival of the buried people.
8, in the rescue process how to scientifically excavate the buried people?
When digging, we should pay attention to the protection of the support, to remove the buried obstruction, to ensure the survival of the buried people. In the use of excavation machinery to be very careful, the closer the buried person, the more should be used manually. a. No lifting tools can not be rescued, you can send fluids food to maintain life, and mark, waiting for assistance, do not barbaric. b. Rescue, you should first determine the location of the buried person's head, the fastest possible speed to make the head is fully exposed, and to remove the mouth and nasal cavity of the ash, to maintain breathing. c. The first step is to make the head of the buried person, and then to expose the chest and abdominal cavity, if any. Then the chest and abdominal cavity should be exposed, and artificial respiration should be carried out immediately if there is asphyxiation. c. The support above the buried person should be strengthened properly to prevent the new collapse of the heavy object above in the process of rescue. d. When the buried person cannot come out on his own, he should be questioned and observed carefully to ascertain the condition of the injuries; don't pull him out of the way to prevent new injuries. e. For the person who suffers from spinal injuries, the excavation should be done to avoid aggravation of the injuries. f. In the case of spinal injuries, the excavation should be done to avoid aggravating the injury. When transferring and carrying, one should not walk with support, use a soft stretcher, or use one person to hold the chest and one person to lift the legs. It is better for three or four people to support the head, back, buttocks, legs, of the injured person, lay flat on a hard stretcher or door board, and carry them after securing them with cloth straps. f. When encountering a person with a fracture of a limb or a joint injury who has been crushed and buried, the person should be immobilized by splinting with a stick, a branch, or a piece of cardboard, etc., using materials available on the spot. The end of the injured limb should be exposed when fixing in order to observe the blood circulation. g. When carrying the injured who have difficulty in breathing, the prone position should be used and the head should be turned to the side to avoid asphyxiation. h. The injured who have difficulty in breathing should be carried in the prone position and the head should be turned to the side to avoid asphyxiation.
9. How to do a good job of hygiene and epidemic prevention after the earthquake?
(1) the importance of good health and epidemic prevention. After the earthquake, due to the collapse of a large number of houses, sewerage blockage, resulting in garbage everywhere, sewage overflow; coupled with the corpses of livestock and poultry rotting and stinking, it is very easy to trigger a number of infectious diseases and the rapid spread. Historically, there is the saying that "there will be a big epidemic after a big disaster". Therefore, in the post-earthquake relief work, seriously improve the health epidemic prevention is very important. (2) Put a good "disease enters by the mouth" off. Summer and fall season, dysentery, enteritis, hepatitis, typhoid fever and other infectious diseases are very easy to occur and epidemic. The most important measure to prevent intestinal infectious diseases is to improve water hygiene, food hygiene, good management of garbage and feces. a. Drinking water sources should be protected by special persons, and wells should be emptied and sterilized. When drinking water, it is better to purify and sterilize it first; conditions should be created to drink boiled water. b. It is very important to improve food hygiene. Special personnel should be assigned to supervise the storage, transportation and distribution of relief food; relief food and excavated food should be inspected and qualified before consumption. Inspections and supervision should be stepped up for institutional canteens and commercial catering establishments, and they should be urged to do a good job of preventing flies and sterilizing tableware. c. Manage toilets and garbage well. Due to the collapse of toilets after the earthquake, there is no fixed place for people to urinate and defecate; garbage and debris are indistinguishable, and mosquitoes and flies breed seriously. Therefore, after the earthquake, there should be a plan to build simple fly-proof toilets, pile up garbage in a fixed place, and organize a cleaning team to empty the garbage on time and transport it to a designated place for unified treatment. (3) Eliminate mosquitoes and flies. Mosquitoes and flies are spreaders of infectious diseases such as encephalitis B and dysentery. To eliminate mosquitoes and flies, it is necessary not only to spray drugs on a wide scale, but also to use cars to spray drugs in the streets and sprayers to spray drugs indoors, so as not to leave breeding places for mosquitoes and flies. In areas where malaria occurs, special attention should be paid to mosquito control. Sleep at night to prevent mosquito bites. If you find that a patient suddenly develops a high fever, headache, vomiting, or a hard neck, think of the possibility of encephalitis and see a doctor quickly. (4) Maintain good hygiene habits. Every citizen in the earthquake-stricken areas should strive to maintain optimism, pay attention to physical health and strengthen physical exercise during the earthquake relief period. Clothes should be increased or decreased at any time according to changes in the climate, and attention should be paid to preventing cold and warmth, and preventing respiratory infectious diseases such as colds, bronchitis and influenza. The elderly and children should pay special attention to preventing pneumonia. In winter, we should pay attention to the head and hands, feet warmth, to prevent frostbite; summer to prepare some cool water, eat some salty food, supplement the body due to a lot of sweat and loss of salt and water, to prevent heat stroke.
180Responders: lzh038