Although the language of "訳人" is not found in many historical records, some words have survived. The retention of the following six words is truly precious.
1. "筳" (sound bi): As mentioned above, "訨 people" call themselves "糳" in their own language, which is exactly the same sound as the current Tujia people call themselves "Biz" .
2. "賨" (pronounced Cong): "訳人" calls "Fu" "訳", such as "訳 Qian", "訳bu", etc. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" (Volume 86) records that the people of Zhi "have a household income of Zhi Qian every year and a mouth of forty." "Send the cloth, one for the adults and two feet for the small ones." The word "訳" has been passed down from generation to generation among the Tujia people. During the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the Tujia region in northwestern Hunan implemented the "Jizhou" and "chieftain system". After "renting tax" evolved into "paying tribute", the Tujia language also called "paying tribute" as "賨". There are many records in local chronicles. "Hunan Tongzhi" (Volume 2) of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty records that in the ninth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1376), Yongshun Xuanwei envoy Peng Tianbao sent his brother Yibao and others to pay tribute to the imperial court with horses and objects. It was 116 years later. In the fifth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1492), the inscription on Peng's "Shizong Hall" built by Yongshun Xuanwei envoy Peng Shiqi also engraved the sentence "Tianbao Xianshe". The "Yongshun Prefecture Chronicle" written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty records that among the tributes during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were also "tea buds" and "Sibu". During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, after the "Gituguiliu" movement abolished the "tribute" of chieftains, the meaning of "賨" in Tujia evolved into the meaning of "borrowing", such as "borrowing money, borrowing rice, borrowing cloth", which is called "borrowing money, borrowing rice, borrowing cloth". Coin money, rice, cloth." It can be seen that the "訨" in the "訨人" language is exactly the same in sound and meaning as the "訨" in the Tujia language.
3. "赕" ("赕", tan on page 1439 of "Cihai"; tan on page 3650 of "Chinese Dictionary", the ancient pronunciation 'Tulanqie'; dan on page 247 of "Modern Chinese Dictionary" ; "Xinhua Dictionary" (Chinese-English bilingual edition) phonetic dan) "赕" is the phonetic translation of some ethnic minorities in ancient southwest my country. Mr. Pan Guangdan believes in the "Tujia" and the Ancient Ba People in Northwest Hunan that "赕" is the word for "訳人" in ancient times, and "絕" is called "絕" by atonement with money or property. "Huayang Guozhi" and "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" record that the covenant between the "Shi people" and the Qin State included the sentence "Those who hurt others can pay for their death". The sound and meaning of "訨人" using atonement money as "赕" still existed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. "Book of Southern Qi" (Volume 22) and "Yuzhang Wenwang Biography" record that between 465 and 471, Tiantou, the leader of Youxi (now Baojing and other places), planned to resist the harsh rule of "forbidding fish and salt" by Shen Youzhi, the internal history of Wuling. Killed Shen's messenger. Shen then used this to ask Tian to pay tens of millions of "excess money". Tian was willing to lose five million, but Shen refused to give in. Tian was forced to die of anger. The meaning of "赕" in modern Tujia dialect has evolved to mean giving money to gods or to the dead in the underworld. Although it has disappeared in the daily language of the Tujia people, it is still preserved in the sacrificial songs of "Tima". For example, in the "Tima" "Fu Zi Tuo" activity, the "Send God's Word" at midnight contains the sentence "Ke (gold) and I (silver) and Ke Di (the peach is coming)". After sending the righteous god to the deceased, a "fire horse cake" must be placed, that is, a dustpan is filled with walnuts and chestnuts for the audience to grab. This is called "grabbing the fire horse cake", which means not to send them to the deceased one by one. If you have property, you can take it by yourself.
4. "Yaohe": This is the name of one of the four people named Qu Renyi who killed the white tiger in "Huayang Guozhi·Bazhi". The term "Yao He" should not be interpreted literally as the Chinese surname "Yao" and the name "He". This term is the name of a person in the language of "訨人". Its pronunciation and meaning are compared with the current Tujia dialect. "Yao" is the transliteration of "庺", which means the junior character. "Yao (Yao) He" is the name of "young man" or "brother-in-law". This is the same as the name of Baojing Xuanwei in the Ming Dynasty. The name of "Yao Habi", the fourth generation of Xuanwei envoy of Zhongpeng family, is similar. "Yao Habi" means "Uncle Yao".
5. "Shooting Tiger": This is also the name of one of the four people who shot the white tiger in "Huayang Guozhi·Bazhi". "Shehu" is not the surname "She" and the given name "Hu", but a person's name in the "訨人" language. Its pronunciation and meaning are compared with the current Tujia dialect. "Shehu" means "take medicine" or the curse word "die".
This name is exactly the same as the name of "Shehu", a native official of Chenzhou, who led the barbarians to resist the oppression of the Song Dynasty in the early years of Tiansheng's reign (1023) according to "History of the Song Dynasty: Biography of the Barbarians". We believe that this is not a coincidence, but a special inherited habit of "Ji people" or Tujia people who do not have Han surnames to use their own language, certain actions, images and curse words to call people by their names. For example, during the Tang and Five Dynasties, the old man "He Zuochong" (the leader of hunting) who occupied Xizhou and his sworn brothers "Re (re) Bachong" (the leader of wine making) and "Chun Bachong" (the leader of the children's care team) Elders) etc. Nowadays, it is common in Tujia language to use various forms and curse words to address people by their names. Such as "E Lai" (i.e. "little"), "色kuai" (i.e. "shit"), "baitie" (i.e. "bullshit"), "Langjie" (i.e. "black"), "Naha" (i.e. "missing mouth"), "Lao Lao Ha Bao" (i.e. "unintelligent person"), "Ejiu" (i.e. "six-fingered person"), "Buhu" (i.e. "bloated belly") , "shooting will lead to sudden death" (i.e. "dead-like person") and so on.
6. "Langzhong" ("Lang" as a place name, pronounced lang): This is a place name where the ancient "訳 people" lived, belonging to the middle reaches of the Jialing River in northeastern Sichuan Province. "Huayang Guozhi·Bazhi" said: "There is the Chongqing River in Langzhong, and most of the Shi people live around the water." "Customs" says; "There is the Chongqing River in Langzhong, and the Shi people live on the left and right sides." "Lang" is interpreted in Chinese as " "Guang Kuang". Based on the analysis of the ancient residence of "Chinese people", "Langzhong" is a place name in the language of "Chinese people". What does "Langzhong" mean? In Tujia language, "Langzhong" is a wild herbaceous tuber plant with starchy stems that can be used as medicine or cooked food. Tujia calls this plant "Langzhong" or "Langzhongnai", and Chinese calls it "Pellinium ternata". Judging from its place name, it is speculated that this place may be rich in this plant and was named by the "Chinese people". It can be seen from the above nouns that "Ji people" and Tujia people have similarities in language.
The distribution area of ??the "訨 people" was included in the territory of the Ba Kingdom in the "Huayang Kingdom·Bazhi" by Chang Xu of the Jin Dynasty. The "訨 people" were also generally called "Ba people" . Tang Duyou's "Tongdian" divided the ancient Ba people into two distinctive categories: "Linjun species" and "Banzhen barbarians". The Northern Song Dynasty's music history "Taiping Huanyu Ji" (Volume 178) specifically describes the distribution areas of these two categories: the Three Gorges area is the place of "Linjun species", and Xizhou in the Yinan area (today's Yongshun and other counties in Hunan) , Qianzhou (now Pengshui, Chongqing City), Sizhou (now Sinan, Guizhou), Shizhou (now Enshi, Hubei) and other places were "Banzhen barbarian" lands, equivalent to the four provinces of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Qianzhou today The area where Tujia people are distributed in the city.
In 221 BC, Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and established counties and counties. The area where the "Ji people" were distributed belonged to Qianzhong County, which was located 20 miles west of Yuanling County, Hunan Province. The scope of its county jurisdiction, according to the explanation of the "Qian" note in "Cihai", is equivalent to the Yuanshui, Youshui, and Lishui watersheds in Hunan today, the Qingjiang River Basin in Hubei, the Qianjiang River Basin in Chongqing, and parts of northeastern Guizhou.
At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Qianzhong County was renamed Wuling County, and Wuling County was immediately separated. The county government was moved to Yiling (today's Xupu County, Hunan).
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wuling was moved to Linyuan (now Changde, Hunan). During this period, Wuling County had jurisdiction over 13 counties, according to "Geography of the Later Han Dynasty", including Xiushan, Youyang and Qianjiang counties in Chongqing and Yanhe counties in Guizhou Province. , eight counties and cities under the jurisdiction of Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Changyang Tujia Autonomous County and Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province, eight counties and cities under the jurisdiction of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan Province, four counties and Shimen County under the jurisdiction of Zhangjiajie City, etc. .
These areas are exactly the same as the more than 30 counties and cities bordering the four provinces and cities of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou where the Tujia people are currently distributed.
According to historical records such as "Huayang Guozhi" and "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", the ancient "Ji people" became righteous people of the Qin State after they shot and killed a white tiger during the reign of King Zhaoxiang of Qin. Seven "banzhen barbarians" The surname is exempt from rent and tax. Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty restored them to "banzhen barbarians" and "tiger shooters", and lived an economic life based on hunting for a long time. Although the ancestors of the Tujia nationality had extensive agriculture of "slash-and-burn" and "fire and water harvesting" a long time ago, during the period of the chieftain system in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, they still "liked fishing and hunting, but did not engage in business".
According to the "Yongshun Prefecture Chronicles" (Volume 1 and 2) written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty: "Longshan (today's Longshan County where the Tujia people live). There are deep forests and dense ridges. In the past, they were all the enclosures of local officials, and not a single plant or tree was allowed." Take it lightly. Every winter hunting is called "fighting". Shiba and the leader will look at where they live, and lead dozens of people to surround it with a big net, chop down the grass, and use dogs to warn the beasts, so that the birds will control them. Kill them with javelins, and no one can escape."
This kind of hunting still mainly killed tigers. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, there were fewer tigers, and the "war hunting" activity mainly focused on hunting wild boars in Tujia villages. It is very popular and is very similar to the hunting activities of "people". "訨人" likes to brew sake (also known as zhijiu, that is, fine wine). According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty". The "Shi people" made a non-aggression covenant with the Qin State: "Qin invaded the Yi and lost a pair of yellow dragons, and the Yi invaded Qin and lost a bell of sake." It can be seen that the value of a bell of sake of the "Shi people" at that time was equivalent to a pair of "yellow dragons" of the Qin State ( It should be "Long", which is equivalent to the jade engraved with dragon patterns used during severe droughts to pray for rain), which shows that sake is so precious. According to the historical data on the container, one bell of sake is equivalent to more than 310 kilograms today. This also shows that the winemaking technology and wine production of "Jin people" have reached a very high level.
The poem "Huayang Guozhi·Bazhi" describes the local products and folk customs of the "Zhi people": "The cliffs of the Sichuan are flat, and their crops are rich in millet. The purpose is to drink and dine, so that they can support their fathers; the wilderness is only in Fu." "Qiu, there is a lot of millet, good food and wine, you can nourish your mother." From this poem, we know that at that time, the "Zhiren" area was rich in millet (ie millet) and millet (ie sorghum), and these wild or cultivated crops were used. Sake brewed from grains. Add delicacies (non-grain meat, vegetables, fruits, etc.) to become the best food for old age.
Judging from the custom of Tujia people passing down from generation to generation that "every family knows how to make wine, toast the elderly first, and treat guests with wine" and the fine wine (famous wine) brewed with sorghum rice as the main ingredient, "Shiren" The wine-making process has been inherited by the Tujia people. During the hunting economy period of "Si people", "cloth" became a treasure of rent and tax, so much so that "every household lost a piece of cloth to an adult and a small mouth two feet long". According to Qianlong's "Yongshun Prefecture Records·Product Records" of the Qing Dynasty, "Bu" in the Han Dynasty was called "Xi Bu" in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and was called "Ban Bu" in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and its fine products were used as "tribute". In addition, the rest are mostly used in folk costumes, namely colorful short jackets and skirts for both men and women.
From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, it was called "local flower" or "local brocade" and was mostly used for quilt tops or fabrics for children's bed quilts and quilts. To this day, it is known as "Tujia Brocade" and is mostly used as wall hangings, cushions and various tourist souvenirs.
The development process from "cloth" to "Tujia brocade". It is absolutely certain that today's "Tujia brocade" is the inheritance and development of the past "Sibu", and there is no difference between the two. The building where the "訨人" lived was the building where "climbing the building and shooting the white tiger" was recorded in "Book of the Later Han Dynasty". The form of this kind of building is said in the "Old Book of Tang Dynasty" to be "building blocks based on trees". "People live on the same floor and climb up the stairs, which are called Ganlan." It must be pointed out that the "Old Book of Tang" refers to the residential buildings as "people". It was named above "Liao people" because in the Jin Dynasty, a group of officials entered the Ji area and became very powerful. Their customs were similar to those of the Ji people. Therefore, "荨" was regarded as "荨" in the "Book of Sui" and "Old Book of Tang". The title of "Liao" was mixed with the official customs of "ganlan", the building where people lived. This is explained in the "History of the Song Dynasty·Biography of the Barbarians": "The barbarians in Yuzhou, with the seven surnames of Barbarians in the ancient city of Zhen, are also Pingxiu in Nannan of the Tang Dynasty." This explains the mistake of calling "獨" as "獠".
Many researchers today believe that the current Tujia residential buildings developed from the "ganglan" of "people". However, it is wrong to refer to this kind of residential building as "stilted building" in general. The residential buildings of the Tujia people are called "corner buildings", which are named after the "stem railing" features of the fences surrounding the buildings and the raised eaves at the corners. The key technique for building a "corner building" is at the corner of the building. Three pieces of wood are put through the same position of a pillar from three directions and the eaves are raised. It is difficult for non-skilled carpenters to build this kind of "corner building" . Therefore, there is a famous saying in Tujia folk songs: "It is difficult to start singing well, it is difficult for a carpenter to build a turret, it is difficult for a stonemason to beat a rock lion, and it is difficult for a blacksmith to beat an iron hydrangea".
It can be seen that the "corner building" of the Tujia people is the inheritance and development of the "ganlan" of the "Ji people". In "Huayang Guozhi" and "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", "訳人" is also called "弜头虎子" ('弜' sounds jiang). "Shuowen" "弜" means "jiang", "to subdue unruly hair".
It can be seen that "Zhentou Huzi" is named after the vertebra bun of "Zhenren".
"Book of Southern Qi·Man Biography" also says: "Man customary clothes are worn with bare skirts, or with vertebrae in a bun." It proves that "Shi people" have vertebrae buns on their heads (at the left and right corners of the head), and "legs" The characteristics of clothing are "foot" (barefoot) and colorful clothes made of silk cloth. The Tujia hair-cutting style is still preserved among young children. "Ming Tong Zhi" says about his clothing: "In the past, native people wore colorful clothes."
The "Miscellaneous Notes" and "Customs" of "Yongshun Prefecture" (Volume 10, 12) written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty said that the native people's "dress does not distinguish between men and women, and the skirts are all embroidered with lace." He wears short skirts, buns and bare feet, wraps his head in cloth, and wears colorful clothes."
This kind of colorful dress made of "賨bu" (Tujia brocade) disappeared after the "Tujia Guiliu" people in the Qing Dynasty changed their clothes to full skirts. During the "Hand Waving Dance", participants are required to wear a piece of Tujia brocade to replace the armor of ancient costumes.
The "colorful clothes" of the Tujia people are very similar to the clothes of the "Ji people". "Huayang Guozhi" said that "Ji people" are "naturally brave and like to sing and dance." When they helped King Wu conquer the Zhou Dynasty, they "singed and danced to impress the Yin people, and the former disciples turned against them." In ancient times, it was called: "before King Wu conquered the Zhou Dynasty." After singing and dancing." "The emperor of the Han Dynasty recruited the people to conquer the Three Qin Dynasties, and he was the vanguard of the Han Dynasty. He was energetic and happy to dance. Emperor Shan said: This is the song of King Wu to defeat Zhou. He asked people to learn it, and it is now called the Bayu Dance." "Taiping Huanyu Ji" said: "In folk gatherings, they beat drums, step on wooden teeth, and sing 'Bamboo Branch Song' for fun." From these historical records, it can be seen that "Si people" like to sing and dance, which was used before and after wars. Two occasions for leisure time entertainment.
Although today's Tujia people's "big hand-waving songs and dances" are not used in war situations, they include "war dance" programs, with majestic dancing, bold singing, and lifelike movements, just like the songs and dances of ancient "訳人" Reappearance.
This proves that the Tujia people's "big hand-waving song and dance" is the inheritance and development of the "Ji people" song and dance. "Shi people" believe in witchcraft and like ghosts and witches. "Huayang Guozhi Li Te Tui Shou Shi Zhi" said: "The people of Dangqu were born in the ancestors, and they were brave and brave in the party. They were fond of ghosts and witches. At the end of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Lu lived in Hanzhong, teaching the people with ghost Taoism, and the people respected him." "Taiping Huanyu Ji" (Volume 137) says: "The customs of Ba (訳) are all about the god of fields. In spring, they pray devoutly. In winter, they use animals to compete in competitions. Evil witches beat drums as obscene sacrifices (which does not conform to the Han etiquette system). Sacrifice)". Du Fu's "Mourning" contains the sentence "Wabu spreads myths, and She fields are cultivated with fire." Wang Zhu noted: "Witchcraft strikes tiles, and based on its literary and scientific analysis, one can determine good or bad luck, which is called tile divination."
Tujia people also believe in witchcraft, and the shamans are all men. Ma". The Tujia people believe in the "Tima" magic custom, which was still very popular in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. When encountering natural or man-made disasters, illness or disaster, or when giving birth to children, they would ask "Tima" to perform the magic to pray for blessings. Untie knots and remove evil spirits. "Tima" once became an authoritative figure in "the unity of man and God" and "a hundred words and a hundred spirits". He was not only asked to cure diseases and disasters, but also asked him to mediate civil disputes, "one hundred and one hundred".
The Tujia people’s belief in “Tima” is very similar to the “Ji people”’s belief in witchcraft. "Taiping Huanyu Ji" (Volume 76) records the burial style of the "Zhen people" system: "When someone is mourned, he hangs a pole on a pole and puts it in the courtyard. The funeral is carried out in another place. When the body is dry, it is placed on a wooden box. In the cave." The Tujia people changed their ancient mourning styles after "returning to their native land", but they still maintained the ancient customs after the death of "Tima".
In April 1981, when Tian Jinggui went to Dahu Creek in Yanchong Society, Longshan County (today's Yanchong Township) where the Tujia language and customs are still intact, he unexpectedly discovered two "ladders". Ma's funeral style.
First, the 72-year-old "Tima" Peng Qingming died on the 18th of the first lunar month (February 22 of the Gregorian calendar). The funeral was suspended for 7 days and he was buried on the 25th of the first lunar month.
The second is 64-year-old "Tima" Yang Zaiyi. He died on August 15th of the lunar calendar (September 23rd of the Gregorian calendar) in 1980. The funeral was suspended for 10 days and he was buried on the 25th of the eighth lunar month.
According to "Tima" Tian Zhilin, he presided over the two funerals of "Tima". The specific method is: after the deceased stops breathing, a pair of bamboo bows and arrows are placed around his house on the way into the house to prevent the white tiger from pulling him.
Then, tie a piece of white cloth from the top of the shrine (family ancestor's altar) directly above the hall, pull it out through the hall and out the door, and tie it to a bamboo pole in the middle of the square, which is called "building a sky bridge." A few tiles are uncovered on top of the white cloth tied on the top of the shrine, which is called "opening the Heavenly Gate". A spinning wheel is placed at the mouth of the "Tianmen" and spins backwards for a few times, which is meant to block the sinister path of the deceased and lead him to heaven. A platform is built under the "overpass" in the center of the main room, called "Haha Platform". Then, the body of the deceased is bathed, dressed, and carried to the "ha ha platform", where it is placed in a cross-legged or supine position. The "Tima" people performed rituals for several days and nights. After the body was dry, they put it into a coffin and carried it up the mountain to dig a hole for burial.
The mourning style of "Tima" is almost the same as the mourning style of the Taoist system. Historical books such as "Huayang Guozhi" and "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" record that "Ji Ren" made a meritorious service by shooting a white tiger during the reign of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, and became a righteous man of the Qin State. In the Han Dynasty, shooting white tigers was still a priority.
As mentioned above, during the Tusi period, Longshan in the Tujia area was a paddock where local officials killed tigers.
From the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China to the present, although there are no real white tigers, there are still white tigers that can hurt people in the hearts of the Tujia people. There is a saying that "when a white tiger sits in the hall, there will be disaster if there is no disaster." Especially when a baby suffers from cramps and foaming, it is considered to be covered by the white tiger god, and it is necessary to immediately ask "Tima" to "drive away the white tiger". This is exactly the same psychology as the "cook" who shoots the white tiger. "Huayang Guozhi" quoted "Shangshu" and said: "Human nature is strong and brave." "Book of the Later Han·Biographies of Nanman and Southwest Yi" also said: "The seven surnames of Banzhen...their people are brave and good at military warfare. In the middle school of Xiyong, Qiang When they entered Hanchuan, the prefectures and counties were destroyed, but Banzhen rescued them, and the Qiang were completely defeated, so they were called the Divine Soldiers."
The deeds of being good at fighting and winning in battle are common in the military history of the Tujia people. .
"History of the Ming Dynasty" records that during the anti-Japanese war during the Jiajing period, the Tujia soldiers ranked first in military exploits in the southeast. The military number is "虓雄" ("虓" is pronounced as "xiao").
The Banzhen barbarians' nickname is "Shenbing", and the Tujia soldiers' nickname is "Zhenxiong". How similar they are. "Huayang Guozhi" and "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" mentioned that "the Shi people are naturally brave" and recorded their customs: "The people are upright and righteous, and their local customs are honest." This is a reflection of the upright nature of the "Shi people". A description of a chivalrous and righteous person.
As for the character of the Tujia people, "Yongshun Prefecture Customs" written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty said: "Tujia people are honest and upright, without any viciousness or cunning habits." Guangxu's "Longshan County Chronicles·Customs" also said: "The local people are very hard-working...or they are chivalrous and righteous. When they meet by chance, they are willing to make friends with each other and are willing to die for their confidants." This kind of kind-hearted, simple and upright, consistent in appearance and appearance, and in words and deeds. The consistent, affectionate and righteous character is still the same among most Tujia people today, which is quite similar to the character of "Shi people". In the social and political changes in ancient times, "Ji people" always took the overall situation into consideration, safeguarded the unity of the country, and opposed division.
According to various historical records, from assisting King Wu to defeat Zhou to being recruited by Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty to rule the Three Qin Dynasties, "Ji people" upheld justice, eliminated violence and helped good people, supported good and defeated evil, and maintained the The unification of the country promotes social progress. This kind of patriotic thought of resisting separatism, seeking reunification, supporting central power, and safeguarding national interests can be seen in the history of the Tujia people.
In the Qing Dynasty, the Tujia people unconditionally accepted the "reform" policy of the Qing government after more than 800 years of the chieftain system. Each chieftain king, without moving a single soldier or shedding a drop of blood, voluntarily resigned from the hereditary throne of the chieftain king, maintained social stability in the chieftain's jurisdiction, obeyed the unified politics of the central dynasty, and promoted the The development of the Tujia people's economy and culture.
In the Ming Dynasty, soldiers traveled more than 3,000 miles to fight against the Japanese invaders on the southeast coast, and exchanged the blood of countless Tujia men for the peace of the motherland's borders.
In modern times, for the sake of democracy and progress of the motherland, in the struggle of the Communist Party of China to establish revolutionary base areas in western Hunan, Hubei, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou, the children of the Tujia family dyed this land red with their own blood and contributed to China The democratic revolution made a significant contribution. During the Anti-Japanese War, in order to save the motherland, the Tujia people left their homes and went to the front line to fight the Japanese invaders in a bloody battle. They displayed a high degree of patriotism.
Although there were incidents in history where "Shi people" resisted the feudal royal court, they were also a last resort act in order to survive under the oppression of harsh government. As the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" says, "There is no disgust at all...it is not a conspiracy to make a name for oneself." It can be seen that this kind of patriotic thought of taking the overall situation into consideration and safeguarding the unity of the country is connected with the Tujia people. The "Ji people" are an open tribe with an enterprising spirit that absorbs advanced culture. The "Ji people" have been stable on the border between Ba and Chu for a long time, and they have continuously absorbed the advanced culture of Ba and Chu in their interactions with Ba and Chu, as evidenced by the large number of unearthed cultural relics. The Tujia people are also an open nation. Although there was a ban during the Tusi period that "Hans are not allowed to enter the cave and barbarians are not allowed to leave the country", they continued to introduce advanced production tools and techniques from Han areas. In particular, we learn Chinese language and culture earlier than other neighboring ethnic groups. In the Tujia area of ??northwestern Hunan, there were "academies" for learning Chinese in the Yuan Dynasty. People in northwestern Hubei learned Chinese earlier than those in western Hunan, and generally learned Chinese. By the Ming Dynasty, local officials from all over the country had consciously realized the importance of learning Chinese, and the Ming court promoted that "children of local officials who do not enter school are not allowed to hold office", so they have strict requirements for their children. For example, Tian Shijue, the Rongmei Xuanfu envoy in western Hubei, hired famous Han scholars to teach, and taught all the men strictly with poems and calligraphy. "There were some scholars who did not like them, and they would scold their dogs and eat them with them to provoke and humiliate them." Later, his eight boys and eight girls all became talented. It can be seen that the spirit of learning from the advanced, having the courage to forge ahead, and revitalizing the economy and culture of the nation has been consistently followed by the "Ji people" and the Tujia people.
From the above seventeen aspects of the same or similar characteristics between the "Chinese people" and the Tujia people, there is no doubt that the current Tujia people are the descendants of the ancient "Chinese people".