Category: Society and people's livelihood
Analysis:
The Zhuang nationality was developed from a branch of the ancient Baiyue people and is the most populous among the ethnic minorities in my country. There are more than 15.48 million people in Taiwan, including 1 million in Yunnan. They mainly live in Wenshan Prefecture, with some in Honghe and Qujing. Before the unified name of the Zhuang nationality in 1965, the Zhuang nationality had many self-titles and other names. There were more than 40 kinds of names in Yunnan alone, mainly including "Nongren", "Sharen", "Tuliao", etc.
The Zhuang people in Yunnan and Guangxi have the same origin. They are an ethnic group with a long history in my country. As early as the third century BC, the Zhuang people living in today’s Guangxi and Yunnan had close contacts with the people of the Central Plains at that time. . Historically, the Zhuang people have been good at using abundant water resources to grow rice, and women are good at weaving and embroidery. The Zhuang cloth and Zhuang brocade weaved are famous for their exquisite patterns and bright colors. The unique style of "batik" is also known as Zhuang people. praised by people. In terms of clothing, men are not much different from Han people, while women are colorful. They especially like to embroider patterns, figures, birds, beasts, and flowers on their shoes, hats, and breast pockets with colorful silk threads.
The Zhuang people are also famous for singing folk songs, which are full of contagious language, euphemistic language, and emphasis on rhyme. Folk songs include ancient songs that tell history, "production songs" that teach life skills, as well as "drinking songs" and "love songs". Folk songs are mainly "bitter songs", such as "Changgong Song", "Women's Bitter Love Song", etc. The Zhuang people are also good at dancing, and the "Bronze Drum Dance" has a long history, with distinctive rhythm and vigorous dance steps. The main traditional festival of the Zhuang people is "Longduan" (Zhuang language, meaning to catch the field dam). It is said that this festival has a history of more than 700 years. It was originally to commemorate the national hero Nong Zhigao (Zhuang people) who launched an army in April 1052 AD. The deeds of opposing the Song Dynasty. Now, Longduan Street has developed into a traditional festival for Zhuang, Yao, Miao, Yi and Han people in Funing County to exchange materials and celebrate together. Other festivals of the Zhuang people are the same as those of the Han people.
Zhuang
China’s ethnic minority. Mainly distributed in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces and regions. Guangxi has the most. The population in 1990 was 15.48 million. The Zhuang language belongs to the Zhuang-Dai branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. In the Southern Song Dynasty, folk characters composed of square Chinese characters appeared. However, it is not widely used. It is mostly used for writing place names, compiling folk songs and recording events. In 1955, the Zhuang script based on the Latin alphabet was created and promoted, and in 1982 it was partially revised.
The Zhuang people are an indigenous ethnic group in Lingnan and have a long history. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, they were a branch of Baiyue. In the Southern Song Dynasty, they were called Tongren and Dingding. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was called together with Tu, Yi and Sha. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the name was unified as "Tong". In 1965, according to Zhou Enlai's initiative and approved by the State Council, "Tong" was changed to "Zhuang".
Limestone is widely distributed in the Zhuang area and is a world-famous karst area. Stone mountains rise from the ground, and there are caves and underground rivers in the stone mountains. This kind of terrain constitutes the scenic spot that "Guilin's landscapes are the best in the world, and Yangshuo's landscapes are the best in Guilin". The coast is rich in various valuable seafood, especially Nanzhu. The Zhuang area has a mild climate and abundant rainfall. Agriculture is the main area, planting rice, corn, potatoes, etc. It is also rich in fruits and has a wide forest area, rich in precious woods such as Liuzhou fir, silver fir, and camphor wood. Panax notoginseng, gecko and fennel oil, which are famous both at home and abroad, are long-standing specialties in the Zhuang area.
The Zhuang people are good at singing, and they hold regular folk song gatherings every year, called Gewei. The third day of the third lunar month is the most solemn. Large song fairs have more than ten thousand people participating. Liu Sanjie, known as the Singer Fairy, is a typical representative of Zhuang singers. During the song fair, entertainment activities such as throwing embroidered balls and banging eggs were held between men and women, eating five-color glutinous rice, singing Zhuang opera, and organizing material exchanges to wish for a good harvest. The Zhuang people already had dance in the Tang Dynasty. Numerous cliff murals painted by Zhuang ancestors have been left on the cliffs in Ningming, Longzhou and other places in Guangxi. The casting and use of bronze drums has a history of more than 2,000 years among the Zhuang people. Zhuang brocade is a famous textile handicraft.
Marriage among the Zhuang people used to be arranged by their parents, but they are free to fall in love before marriage. It is popular not to stay at your husband's house or "sit at home", and this custom is still in some places. Most of the housing is the same as that of the local Han people. In some areas, residents live in two-story stilts, with people living upstairs and raising livestock and stuffing downstairs. In recent years, there have been changes, and people and animals have been separated. Most of the clothing is the same as that of the Han people, but there are still many places that still retain the characteristics of their own national costumes, and they vary from place to place. Men mostly wear Tang suits. The clothing material used to be mostly self-woven homespun cloth. There was a custom of tattooing in the past, but this has changed.
In terms of diet, they like to eat pickled and sour food, and sashimi is a delicacy. The staple food is rice and corn. During the New Year, rice is used to make various rice noodles and cakes for Zhuang women. Women have the custom of chewing betel nut. When giving a betrothal gift at a wedding, betel nut must be given as a gift. In addition to worshiping ancestors, there is also nature worship, such as worshiping mountain gods, water gods, sun gods, etc. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, Buddhism and Taoism were introduced to the Zhuang area. In modern times, missionaries went to Zhuang towns to establish Christian and Catholic churches, but they had little impact.
In areas where the Zhuang people live, when people meet the elderly on the road, they must take the initiative to say hello to the elderly and step aside to the side of the road to ask the elderly to pass first. When an elderly person enters the house, he must be asked to sit on the seat. If someone sits with legs crossed in front of the elderly person, it is considered disrespectful to the elderly person and will be condemned by everyone.