At the age of 20, I joined my uncle in order to "answer questions in one sentence and find a company". At the age of twenty-one, my mother died and kept the system. At the age of 24, he set out from Fenning County (now xiushui county), and at the age of 55, he went to Guangnan East Road and was sentenced to prison (in Shaoguan). Because of illness, she begged Nankang Li Si to join the army and resign.
He judged the incorruptibility of officials, and his politics and knowledge were outstanding. In history, he is juxtaposed with Bao Gong and is the representative of the culture of honest officials. Therefore, the court respected his father Father Zhou Fucheng resigned as the magistrate of Guiling County. In the eighth year of Song Yingzong Jiayou (1063), he gave a gift to a doctor who advised him in the fourth year of Zhiping (65438+).
After Zhou Dunyi's death, Dr. Feng Xuan was appointed in Song Huizong for six years (116) and Jiading for thirteen years (1220), so he was called Yuan Gong (a student with integrity). In the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Zong was created as Runanbo in the first year of Chunyou (124 1), and Renzong in the Yuan Dynasty was created as a Taoist priest in the sixth year of Yanyou (13 19), and entered the Confucius Temple in successive dynasties.
In the seventh year of Jingtai in Ming Daizong (1456), his descendant Sun Zhoumian was awarded the hereditary doctor of the Five Classics, which was extended to more than 400 years in the late Qing Dynasty, and was awarded to 13 doctors of the Five Classics. This is the longest family that has obtained the doctor of the Five Classics since Emperor Wu respected Confucianism as the doctor of the Five Classics.
Zhou Fucheng died on August 20th, the first year of Ganxing in the Northern Song Dynasty (1024). Zhou Dunyi was 8 years old at that time. Because of a poor family, a family of four came to Hengyang with their mother to take refuge in Longtuge's uncle Zheng Xiang. He is smart and kind, and deeply loved by Gong Zheng. He regards his niece as his son and takes Zheng Gudun as his name. Because of his love for white lotus, Zheng Xiang built a pavilion at the foot of the Phoenix Mountain in the West Lake in front of his home (now Hengyang No.2 Middle School is commonly known as Qiyangbai) and planted lotus flowers, during which he was enlightened. It was not until Zheng was transferred between Zhejiang and Zhejiang that Cao He of Suanshan moved to Dantu County, Runzhou (now Danyang City, Jiangsu Province) with his mother. The story of eight scenic spots in Hengyang, the legend of "White Lotus at West Lake Night" and "White Lotus Fairy Playing West Lake" handed down from generation to generation by Hengyang people all came from his deep affection and enlightenment for uncle and nephew.
Zhou Zi died prematurely at the age of 57 due to diligence and illness. The most important growth period in his life was more than ten years in Hengyang. At the age of thirty-one, he served as Chen County Magistrate and Guiyang County Magistrate (now Rucheng County), at the age of thirty-eight, he served as Dali Temple Cheng, at the age of forty-nine, he served as Yongzhou Judge, at the age of fifty-three, he served as Guangnan East Road Adjudication Judge, and returned to his hometown for seven years to worship his ancestors. They all stop at Zhou Dunyi to give lectures, visit the elderly and visit friends.
Therefore, compared with Daoxian, his birthplace, and Jiujiang, his destination, Hengyang is the place where he lived the longest, and his uncle, Zheng, a sage of Hengyang, helped to cultivate and educate him and make up for his official career. In Lianxi Zhoujia, he is called his uncle. Zhou Zizhi thanked her for her kindness. His wife Lu stayed with her aunt until the end of 19, when she had a child with her husband. She died of overwork at the age of 37. Later generations are full of gratitude, and the profound Hengyang plot is also derived from this. Hengyang is the growing place of Lianxi Palace and the foundation of Lianxi culture. Because of this, the descendants of Zhou Dunyi's two mansions in the north bank of Hengbei are "great-grandfather's bones in the balance, and he can't bear to leave." He inherited the ancestral business left to the Zhou family from here and has continued to this day. Since then, although descendants have lived at home and abroad, they often go home to have a look. In recent years, more and more descendants have come here to pay homage to their ancestors.
Any celebrity cultural inheritance exists and continues in the form of materialization. There are five original remains of Zhou Dunyi's life in Hengyang: one is Suixi Street (now Siqian Street, Zhongshan South Road, Hengyang City) near Shigu Academy, which is his grandfather Zuo's ancestral home where Zheng Can was forbidden to live; Second, the home of Zhengjiazhuang in the north of Zhengshui Bridge, that is, the ancestral home of Zhoujia in Lianxi on the north bank, was inherited by the descendants of Zhou Shou's eldest son Yu Zhong, and Zhou surnames who now live in Chejiang Tiecheng in Hengnan County, Jin Lan Temple in Chongqing and Hongjiang in Hengyang County all originated from this branch. Thirdly, Ailiantang is in today's Li Zhe Village, a high-tech zone. He is the fifth son of Zhou Shou and the second son of Ji Zhong. He came here to inherit his ancestral business. Ailiantang was originally the home of Zheng Jiazu (about 1200 years ago). Zheng Jiapu wrote "There is a huge immersion in Xiguan West Lake in Hengzhou" and "West Lake outside Xianggong's Juheng County". Zheng Xiangzu's five grandchildren and five scholars have been handed down from generation to generation, and their wealth is quite rich. During the Song Dynasty, most of the surrounding woodlands were produced by Zheng Jiazu, and then 400 mu of land rental income (300 mu in Zhengyi Township, 0/00 mu in Changping Township/KLOC-) and 28 yuan of official silver were allocated to the spring and autumn festival of Zhou Zong Ancestral Temple in Lianxi. It is low-lying, close to steamed water, and the north and south rivers meet, so Zhou Dunyi came here to study in summer. The foundation of the existing house is one meter and five meters high, made of stone, which is the evidence of moisture-proof foundation in Song Dynasty. On October 19th, the fourth year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (12 1 1), the grandson of Zhou Dunyi V was appointed as the right assistant minister of the official department and threw himself into the sea. Later, Lu Xiufu, left, followed suit, and Wen Tianxiang, right, wrote an epitaph for him. Hong Chau, a brave minister, was born here. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, Ke, who was placed in a sacrificial field, sued for more than 30 years, and later recovered the sacrificial property. With the approval of the Qing government, the clansmen funded the construction of Ailian Hall as a memorial hall of Zhou Zi, and gave four people clothes for the emperor to worship, and six descendants were selected into the Yipai, offering sacrifices of 28 taels of silver every year. Everything is the same as their hometown Dao County and their destination Jiujiang. The memorial halls in Zhendao County and Jiujiang have been destroyed, which is the only surviving imperial memorial hall. Zhou Dunyi's "The Theory of Love Lotus" has spread through the ages and infected the world. So, what is the life foundation and ideological root of Ailian's Theory? What special influence does lotus have on Zhou Dunyi?
As early as when Zhou Dunyi was filial, his uncle Zheng Xiang was already worried about his sister and nephew, orphans and widows. After Zhou Dunyi's uniform was full, Zheng immediately sent Lu Dunwen, Zhou Dunyi's half-brother, to take his sister, nephews Deng Yi, Dunben (who died later) and niece to Zhengzhai, West Lake, Hengzhou (located in the First Affiliated Hospital of South China University and Hengyang Youth Palace) to personally teach and supervise his nephews, create a good learning environment for them, and make every effort to cultivate them. From here, Zhou Dunyi began his study in Hengyang.
Zhou Dunyi was gifted and intelligent since childhood, and won the favor of his uncle. More importantly, he studies hard, especially likes the scenery of the West Lake, and has a soft spot for the white lotus. Therefore, Zheng Xiang planted lotus flowers in front of Fenghuang Mountain Villa in West Lake, Chi Pan. At that time, the West Lake was located outside the city between Guanwanghumen and Anximen in the west of the county, and it was named after the West Lake pond. "There is a huge immersion in the Xiguan of Hengzhou-called the West Lake", and "Wang Yang is a grand view of a thousand hectares". The lake is full of wild lotus flowers. Wild lotus white, commonly known as Qiyangbai. Flowers begin to bloom in summer and June every year, usually in mid-month. If on the night of May 35, after a storm comes a calm, the white lotus flowers will be moistened by the rain and dew of heaven and earth and be in full bloom. At the right time, the moonlight is like day, the flowers are bright, the lake is full of white flowers, and the ground is snowy. White lotus leaves are dotted with red lotus flowers, like peaches in March, with red in white, white in red, and red and white set each other off. The lake is beautiful. In the hot air of Xu Lai, the lotus flowers nodded and danced, and the fragrance floated with the wind, making the city full of fragrance, refreshing and fascinating. Therefore, the story of "West Lake Night in Bai Lianhua" has been handed down from generation to generation, which is one of the eight scenic spots in Hengzhou.
This unique natural environment provided Zhou Dunyi with rich imagination and creative space in his youth. He often walks by the pond of the West Lake, enjoying the beautiful scenery, learning knowledge and thinking about life. Not only that, the virtue of lotus flower's fragrance, purity, softness and non-stick also influenced Zhou Dunyi, cultivated his thoughts and sentiments, and laid the foundation for the birth of Ailian's Theory, which was praised by later generations.
Zhou Dunyi's main residence in Hengyang is his uncle Zheng Xiang's former residence (now the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanhua University), Hu Ailian Pavilion at the foot of Phoenix Mountain in front of Zheng Zhai, and the lecture platform of Gong Zheng's nephew (now Hengyang No.2 Middle School).
Since Zhou Dunyi's death, his Neo-Confucianism is a traditional Chinese study in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, so it is deeply favored. From Xiaoximen to Daximen and then to the northwest, South China First Hospital and Lianhu Square are already big places. Later generations transformed Zheng Xiang's former residence into Zhou's ancestral temple in Lianxi. There are a series of ancient buildings (West Lake Academy, County School, Worship Temple, Strange Temple, Dacheng Hall and Hu Ailian Pavilion). If Si Long exists, its area is the sum of Confucius House and Confucius Temple.
At the end of Song Dynasty, Hengyang also had four memorial buildings in Zhou Zi, namely West Lake Academy, Lianxi Temple on the north bank of West Lake, Lianxi Temple on Phoenix Mountain, Lianxi Temple in Xiaoxiangmen and Lianxi Temple in Shigu. These are not family temples, but memorial places set up by the state to offer sacrifices to Zhou Zi and combine teaching (420 taels of silver is allocated every year).
After the disaster, especially in Hengyang Anti-Japanese Defence War in 1944, more than a dozen related relics and memorial buildings of Zhou Dunyi were destroyed by fire. Only Ailiantang in Li Zhe Village of High-tech Zone survived because it was far away from the city, but the doorpost was bitten by a horse, the doors and windows were destroyed, and the wing was completely destroyed. After the descendants struggled to maintain the three houses, this is the only remaining site of Zhou Dunyi in Hengyang.
Sadly, Hong Chau, praised by Lu Xiufu, the left prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, is "a man of great virtue, who despises Wen Da and has a weak reputation". Wen Tianxiang, the right prime minister, wrote an epitaph for Gong, the assistant minister, and called Zhou Dunyi "the pioneer of a hundred generations of Juexue". The tomb of a generation of patriotic loyal officials was excavated in Jianshi No.1 Middle School in the dead of night in 20031/month, after a lapse of 725 years. In order to clean up the scene before dawn, the speed of modern construction machinery made the remains of a generation of sages disappear, and the relics disappeared, leaving no pieces of paper for the emperor's relics.
In history, Lianxi culture was once brilliant in Hengyang, which shows that Hengyang people respect and attach importance to him. His personality, knowledge and official voice have nurtured countless people of insight, and naturally nurtured the later sages of Hengyang.
After the war, due to the lack of people's humanistic understanding, the cultural relics landscape of Lianxi was unplanned, and the old site was used for other purposes, which led to the explosion of a generation of sages' tombs, which violated humanistic morality and educational purposes. Although there are three statues of Zhou Zi in different places today, it is always difficult to restore the old feeling. Zhou Dunyi loves lotus and has a special relationship with Hechuan, Chongqing. 1056, the emperor appointed him as the judge of Hezhou (now Hechuan).
At that time, there were more than 10,000 families in Hezhou, but there was not a statewide institution of higher learning and not many scholars. Zhou Dunyi decided to run a state school to change the backward state of Hezhou culture.
There is a mountain on the east bank of Jialing River outside Hezhou City, named Shixueshan, which is located at the intersection of Jia, Fu and Qu Sanhe. Hezhou was renamed Hechuan from the Republic of China. Looking down from the top of the mountain, the river is long, the white sails are rippling and the scenery is beautiful. Zhou Dunyi thought: This is really a good place to study. I wish I could manage the public schools here. Inquiring about people, it turns out that this is the private garden of Zhang Zongfan, a big squire in Hezhou. He decided to call home and study in Shangzhou with Zhang Zongfan. Zhang Zongfan respected Zhou Dunyi's knowledge and personality very much, readily agreed to his request and donated the whole garden for free. After the establishment of the state school, Zhou Dunyi invited Zhang Zongfan to preside over the study of politics and recruit more than a thousand students, regardless of wealth, as long as they are talented. He invited scholars from all over the world to give lectures, and great writers such as Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe were invited. Hezhou students have become a common practice and talented people have come forth in large numbers. There are one or two scholars every year, and Hezhou University is very famous. Zhang Zongfan also changed from a local gentry to an enlightened gentry and became a model of the gentry in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is very proud. He invited craftsmen to build an octagonal pavilion on the top of the mountain. He wanted to ask Zhou Dunyi to write the plaque "Octagonal Pavilion", but Zhou Dunyi wrote the words "Yangxin Pavilion" in calligraphy. After writing, he explained meaningfully: "People are very important in nourishing the heart."
Zhou Dunyi was sentenced to five years in Hezhou with outstanding achievements. Later, no matter where he went, he was thinking about Hezhou Guoxue and Bajiao Pavilion, and wrote an article "Yangxin Pavilion" and sent it to Zhang Zongfan for him to engrave in the pavilion. After Zhou Dunyi's death, Hezhou Sinology declined and gradually ceased to exist, and the octagonal pavilion also experienced wind and rain and suffered repeated battles. During Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, Tang Xun, the ruler of Hezhou, rebuilt the octagonal pavilion on the old site and painted a portrait of Zhou Dunyi on the inner wall of the pavilion to show his admiration. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, local officials built Ganquan Temple near Bajiaoting and carved a statue of Zhou Dunyi, which was full of incense. In the early years of the Republic of China, local villagers dug a big hole under the octagonal pavilion, dripping with water, and people called it "Ganquan Lingru". The octagonal pavilion has added a new scene and become one of the eight scenic spots in Hechuan. Today, the people's government has listed the Bajiao Pavilion as a key cultural relic protection unit and has carried out repairs. Since then, the Millennium Pavilion has regained its former glory and become a rare place of interest.
On one occasion, he took a boat from Hezhou to visit Pu Zongmeng in the south. On the way, he said to the scholars who came here: "A person's hobbies are different. For example, there are many flowers in the world, but Tao Yuanming of the Jin Dynasty loves chrysanthemums, and the world has loved peonies since Li Tang. I married Mei to the poet Lin Bu, and I will never be an official or marry her. I like lotus best. Look at it in the mud without being polluted. It is immersed in clear ripples without being seductive. The middle is accessible, the outside is straight, there are no branches and vines, and the graceful fragrance is far away, so you can look at it from a distance and don't play with it at will. These four kinds of flowers are like four kinds of people, chrysanthemum is a hermit, peony is a rich person, plum is an elegant and pure person, and lotus is a gentleman among people. However, although chrysanthemums are good, they enjoy themselves in seclusion; Although peony is gorgeous, it looks rich and magnificent, just in line with the secular; Plum blossoms are narcissistic, and they only make friends with pine and bamboo when they are cold. Only the lotus, dignified and upright, noble and extraordinary, has a gentleman's demeanor, lives in the secular world and is not polluted by the secular world. " In the Southern Song Dynasty, when Wei Liaoweng went to East Sichuan, he built the Lianxi Temple in Hezhou to commemorate him. In the tenth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 153 1), Qiu Daolong, the imperial historian, established Lianxi Academy (also known as Zonghe Academy) in Nanjin Street, Hezhou. It can be seen that the rhyme of Mr. Lian Xi and his school has a far-reaching influence on Hechuan.
Zhou Dunyi is a very capable official with certain achievements. At that time, he was famous for his thorough observation, adherence to principles, not flattering the powerful, and clear judgment on prison cases. Zhou Dunyi (10 17- 1073), formerly known as Yan, was renamed to avoid the old taboos of the British Sect. A native of Daozhouying Road (now Daoxian County, Hunan Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was called Mr. Lianxi. Famous thinker in Song Dynasty, founder of Neo-Confucianism. It has a historical position in the history of Confucianism in China. Huang Baijia once commented: "After Confucius and Mencius, Han Confucianism only learned to pass on the classics, and Taoism was naturally silent for a long time. With the rise of Yuan Gong, the second generation inherited, great scholars came forth in large numbers, and saints learned. Therefore, stability and formation are almost the normal state of Confucianism. It can only be said that it is necessary to open up first. If we talk about the exquisiteness of the interpretation of mind, nature and righteousness, we can count the darkness in A.D. ("The Song and Yuan Learning Cases of Lianxi Learning Cases"). This comment is fair.
According to historical records, there are "dozens" of his philosophical works, and only two books, Illustration of Taiji and Shu Tong, have been handed down. From A.D. 104 1 to 1044, "Chen Guiyang's relocation was particularly outstanding". Throughout his life, he was honest, fair and diligent, and his scholarship was rigorous and meticulous. As the founder of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, Zhou Dunyi inherited Confucius and Mencius and started from Zhu. Absorb Buddhism and Taoism to form its own neo-Confucianism system, and publicize its "infinite Tai Chi" world view and calm, rational, sincere and lustless outlook on life. When Zhou Dunyi was appointed as a county magistrate in Rucheng, the county was politically clear, economically prosperous, simple in people's feelings and politically harmonious. During this period, he wrote the famous works "Ailian" and "My Ode". His disciples, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, felt the beautiful scenery of Rucheng when they were apprentices, and wrote the first poem "Encounter in Spring" in Thousand Poems. In order to commemorate him, the people of Rucheng specially built Lianxi Academy in the western suburbs of the county seat, which has been repaired for ten times and has a history of nearly a thousand years. Zhou Dunyi was honest and indifferent, and loved Lian all his life. Although his "The Story of Ailian" is only 1 19, it has been told by people all the time. Zhou Dunyi's Tomb, also known as Lianxi Tomb, is located in Lishuling, Zhoujiawan, Lianhua Town, Lushan District, Jiujiang City, with a total area of 43,000 square meters. During the ten years of turmoil, the ground building of Lianxi tomb was seriously damaged, but the underground tomb was still well preserved. 1999, with the support of the Zhou clan association in Hong Kong, the first phase restoration project of Lianxi Tomb was completed, and precious historical sites were preserved. Since last year, with the concern of relevant departments in Jiangxi Province and Jiujiang City, the Hong Kong Zhou clan association has invested 1 more than 10,000 yuan to restore the tomb. Before the project starts, the greening project is still under intense construction.
It is reported that there is an arc-shaped zhaobi behind the tomb of Lianxi, on which there are three 2-meter-high bluestone slabs engraved with Zhou Dunyi's representative works Shu Tong, Ailian and Taiji Illustration respectively.