The heavens are unkind, the earth is unkind. The earth is unkind and brings me to this time.
The road is in jeopardy, and the people are in exile. The people are in exile, and they are in mourning.
Smoke and dust cover the fields, and the hu captives flourish. The will of the people is not good, and the righteousness of the people is not good.
It is not in my interest to be a part of a different world. I'm not sure who to tell when I'm insulted.
The whistle is made of reed and the zither is tapped. No one knows that I am angry.
The Rongkang forced me to make a home for myself. I am going to the end of the world.
The clouds and mountains are ten thousand miles away, and the road back is long. The wind is blowing and the dust is rising.
Many people are violent and fierce, like vipers and snakes. They are arrogant and extravagant.
The two beats of the string are the strings that want to die. The heart is broken, the mind is broken, the heart is broken, and the heart is broken.
Crossing the border of Han and entering the city of Hu. It is better to lose one's family and one's body than to have no life at all.
Felt fur is a garment, and flesh and bones are shocked. The flavor of the capricorn stinks, and my feelings are curbed in vain.
The scabbard and drums are loud and clear from night to night. The wind is blowing and the camp is dark.
The present and the past have been a source of sadness for me. When will the sadness and hatred of the animals be pacified?
No day, no night, no thought of my hometown.
There is nothing more bitter than my life.
Cai Yan and the Eighteen Beats of the Hook
Cai Yan, known as Wen Ji or Ming Ji, was one of the few talented women in China for thousands of years, and was born into a family of scholars. Her father, Cai Yong, was a famous scholar at the time, and she received a good education from a young age. In addition to her poetic talent, she was also a master of music. It is said that when she was very young, she listened to her father play the zither, and when one of the strings was broken, she was able to point out which one it was, which shows her talent. And these two in the feudal society is the biggest capital of the men to enter the civil service, so you can imagine how many men at that time on the admiration. Unfortunately, she was a woman, a talented woman in a chaotic world, which seems to be predicting her tragic life. In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, powerful ministers and eunuchs tipped the scales against each other and started a brutal killing spree. In this messy political situation, first by the chaotic and treacherous Dong Zhuo drilled a hole, luring the army of tigers and wolves of Liangzhou, into the capital city of Luoyang at the time, holding Emperor Xian hostage, blackmailing Cai Yan's father Cai Yong out of the civil service. Cai Yong came out to be an official, after Dong Zhuo was killed, Cai Yong this nerd for Dong Zhuo said a good word by Wang Yun killed, after Cai Yan and lost her husband, a succession of changes, the successive death of relatives so that she fell into the sadness. These two events seem to be the prelude to an even greater tragedy. After Dong Zhuo was killed, the anti-Dongzhuo group and Dong Zhuo's old troops attacked and killed each other, and it was after one of Dong Zhuo's old troops "plundered Chenliu" military operation that the tragedy of her life began. History records: "In February, the villagers were gathering for a social competition. Zhuo ordered the soldiers to surround and kill them all, and plundered the women's belongings". In her "Poem of Sorrow and Anger", she wrote: "The hunting field surrounded the cities and towns, and they were all destroyed. No one is left, and the corpses are all together. Men's heads hang by the side of the horses, and women are carried behind them." She was suddenly reduced from a life of nobility to a life of slavery and captivity. She wrote: "I was sobbing on the day, and sitting in sadness at night." She wrote: "At daybreak, I cry and walk, and at night, I sit with sadness. These women were treated as military prostitutes and distributed to the soldiers according to the superiority and inferiority of their posture, but her father, Cai Yong, still had some reputation, and she was treated better than others. She spent four or five years in the Dong Department, and then moved to South Xiongnu, where she was accepted as a Xiongnu by Liu Bao, King of Zuo Xian. From the time she was plundered to the time Cao Cao ransomed her from the South Xiongnu, it took twelve years, and she was thirty-five years old when she came back, which means she was twenty-three years old the year she was plundered. These twelve years were a woman's flowery years, and if it hadn't been for the war, she would have led a privileged and wealthy life. It can be imagined that these twelve years left an extremely deep and painful mark on her soul. The Eighteen Beats of the Hookah is an indictment of these twelve years of blood and tears, and it is precisely because of these twelve years of experience that the Eighteen Beats of the Hookah has such a high level of artistic achievement. Reading "Eighteen Beats of Hookah" makes people feel a strong shock to the soul, and she sings three sighs and drips blood with every word. Although the author of "Eighteen Beats of Huge Eggplant" is still debated, I prefer to believe that it was written by Cai Yan. Because without Cai Yan's talent, without her unique experience, she could not have written such a good work. From a literary point of view, "Eighteen Beats of Huge Eggplant" has the following characteristics:
1. The style of Jian'an literature.
The end of the Eastern Han Dynasty was characterized by social unrest, and it was often said that "the country was not prospering and the poets were prospering". Especially with the "three Cao" father and son as the leader, "seven sons" as the representative of the Yecheng literati group. They formed the "Jian'an Literature", which was simple and simple, with a high and strange style. Cai Yan's poems are also characterized by this, which is why her poems are very different from those of later female poets. The works of Jian'an Literature are mostly in five lines, and Cai Yan's "Poems of Sorrow and Indignation" are also in this category, with plain language and few embellishments. For example: "The Han dynasty lost its power, and Dong Zhuo disrupted the rule of heaven. He wanted to usurp and kill, but first he killed all the virtuous men and women, forcing them to move from their old states and embracing their masters in order to strengthen themselves. Hai Nei Xing righteous division, want to *** to discuss ominous. ........" All are general statements, which are similar in style to Cao Cao's Artemisia. Here are a few excerpts for comparison: "There are righteous men in Guandong who raise an army to discuss the group of evils. Initially, they met at the Allied Jin, but their hearts were in Xianyang. The army is not united, hesitant and geese traveling ...... The armor was nymph-ridden, and ten thousand people died. White bones were exposed in the wild, and no chickens crowed for thousands of miles. The people are all dead, and the thought of it breaks one's heart." The second poem is not the same as the second one, which is more clearly a work of "Jian'an literature", and therefore no one suspects that it is the work of a later generation. The second poem, however, is not the same, and is the same as the "Eighteen Beats of Hu Ji", which is also a "Sao Style Poem", and will easily make people doubt it. It is not surprising, however, that poems in the tao style were more suitable for the qin, and more suitable for singing, and it is not surprising that poems in the tao style were commonly used as qin music during the Han Dynasty, which is why Cai Yan, I think, adopted this genre. In the book of the Western Chamber, there is a quote from Sima Xiangru's zither piece for Zhuo Wenjun: "Phoenix Seeking Phoenix", which of course is not necessarily by Sima Xiangru. It only shows that it was common to use poems in a tawdry style as zither music. This does not mean that "Eighteen Beats of Huqa" does not have the characteristics of "Jian'an Literature", which is characterized by plain and simple language, unadorned, and mostly five-character poems, but it does not mean that there are no other genres. Stylistically speaking, "Eighteen Beats of Hookah" is also presented in a sequential order, and the language is plain and simple. Only as a woman's feelings are more delicate, expressed in the language is also a bit more grievous, but compared with other periods of poetry to be much more simple, so I still think that the "eighteen beats of the eggplant" has the characteristics of the "Jian'an literature".
2. The delicate writing style is that of a woman.
"Eighteen Beat of Hu Jia" is a large part of the longing for the sons and daughters who stayed in Xiong Nu. It is also recorded in the history that after Cai Yan married Dong Sizhi, although Cai Yan was very careful with the existing marriage, she "often feared that she would donate again and again". But because of the feudalism Dong Ri did not care about Cai Yan. And because Cai often missed her children in the borderlands, the initial marriage was not a happy one. "Sixteen days in a row, my son and I are on different sides. The east of the sun and the west of the moon are looking at each other in vain, and we can't follow each other. We think of the daylilies in vain, and play the zither to make our feelings hurt. Now I am leaving my son and returning to my hometown. The old grudge has been settled and the new grudge is growing. Sobbing blood and tilting my head, I tell the heavens that I was born to suffer this calamity alone." Feelings delicate, sincere, when the real life of Cai Yan's portrayal. Mother's love is great, mother's love is eternal. Women's feelings towards their children seem to be innate, such a verse whether in ancient times, or modern times, whether there is no Cai Yan's life experience at that time, will make people produce **** Ming, general talk about feelings, talk about mother and child affection, there will not be such a pain in the heart. HUJI eighteen pats" in four pats are depicted on the children's thoughts, in fact, in Cai Yan did not enter the Huns before and after the life can be written in a lot of things. In fact, there were many things that could have been written about in Diem's life before and after her entry into the Huns, but she devoted a great deal of space to this kind of longing, accounting for about 30% of the total space, and from the eleventh beat onwards, almost every beat mentions the love between mother and son. It can be seen that this shows two points: one is consistent with history, the other is that the poem stands in the psychology of women, women's perspective to write about women's lives, not women do not have such an experience. I think the descendants can not appreciate the complexity of such feelings, and those who do not have personal experience can not appreciate such feelings.
3. There is no such emotional foundation without personal experience.
Cai Yan has a distinguished family, outstanding looks and talent, and therefore also have the capital of pride, teenage Cai Yan must not lack of suitors. Shortly after marrying her first man, the Hedong Wei family, Cai Diem's husband fell ill and died, and returned to live in her mother's house as her in-laws accused her of being a husband-killer. At this time, Cai Yan was so high-minded and proud that she could make a fuss. After returning to the Han, she married Dong Sze, then the Tuntian Lieutenant, on Cao Cao's order, and wrote in her poem "Poem of Sorrow and Anger": "I entrusted my life to a new man, and I tried my best to cast a spell on him. The psychological gap is huge, and it is the experience of these twelve years of miserable life that causes such a gap. Some people say from the standpoint of feudalism that Cai Yan had more than literary talent and less than moral integrity. Of course, this was true in the feudal society, but now it seems that Cai Yan herself had a toughness of character, a tenacity of life. These are also the ideological foundations of Eighteen Beats of the Hookah. In her poem, Cai Yan writes: "I am not greedy for life but hate death; I cannot donate my body but have a heart to do so. I still hope to be born and return to my hometown, but when I die, I will bury my bones and carry on with my life. I live in the sun and the moon, and I am in a military base, and the Hu people favor me with two sons. I am not ashamed to give birth to them, and the sound of my counseling is what makes me grow up on the border." Answering this question, what can we ask of a woman.
During the twelve years of Cai Yan's northern captivity to the Xiong Nu, Cai Yan's father had a student, Cao Cao, a representative of Jian'an literature, who basically swept away the northern group of heroes and became prime minister, holding the emperor hostage to his vassals. This Cao Cao must have had a crush on Cai Yan when he was a teenager, thinking that Wen Ji was beautiful, smart, and talented. As a student of Cai Yong, Cao Cao could not like it? But I don't think Cai Yan would have fallen in love with Cao Cao, who was a eunuch with a short, unimpressive body and a family of eunuchs, much different from Cai Yan's first love. When Diem was thirty-five years old, Cao Cao, who held all the power in the world at the time, still couldn't forget his crush, or maybe it was because of his love affair with his teacher, but in any case, backed by a strong force of arms, Cao Cao took back Diem. At this time, Cai Yan had already given birth to a pair of sons for the king of Zuo Xian, mother and son, no longer the status of the original captivity, it can be imagined, with Cai Yan's talent of the ancient and modern world, with her appearance, will be in the consort of the outstanding, the king of Zuo Xian at that time, if it is not in the strong pressure will not agree.
Cai Wenji years of captivity is painful, and now once to end the twelve years of stinky meat cheese pulp life, leaving their own love and powerful Zuo Xianwang, and innocent two sons, can not distinguish between sadness and joy, only to feel broken hearted, tears fall like rain, in the Han urged, she boarded the car in a trance, in the wheels clattering in the rotation of the twelve years of life, little by little injected into the mind, thus leaving a stirring "Hu Hu", the "Hu", the "Hu" and "Hu". leaving behind the stirring "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia". Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia" is written with the most magnificent literary style, the keenest sense and the smartest heart to experience the most cruel reality, realize the most miserable life and observe the most atrocious experience. Written as a poem and sung as a song is "Eighteen Beats of Huge Eggplant". Cai Yan did not enter the Huns for twelve years, this matter is known to everyone, did not enter the Huns in how to live, but also easy to know. But these are just processes. But these are just the process, not the feelings, and the "18 Beats of Cai Diem" is written not the process is the feelings, is the tone of the first person, to write their own thoughts, which is very difficult. It is very difficult to imitate without personal experience, and even if you do, it is very difficult to reach such a high level. Throughout history, no one has been able to do so. No wonder Guo Moruo said, "Even Li Bai and Du Fu could not write such poems when they were alive." . The Eighteen Beats of Huge Eggplant was not written with a pen, not by literary talent, only literary talent without the experience of Cai Diem wrote nothing more than a sickly, worthless poem, will not have such a high level of achievement.
I sometimes think of what the poem is written, I thought the poem does not need too much literary style, there is a saying: "Kung Fu in the poem outside" is the truth, the poem is the perception of life, is the word of life textualization of the understanding. For example, Liu Bang, this gentleman has not read many books, said three words: "the wind is rising and the cloud Xi Feiyang, and get fierce warriors Ruoxi guard the four directions, Wei Jia Hai Nei Ruohi home", so casually said, has been passed down through the ages. But some of the literati write a lifetime can not write any good works, is this reason. Chairman Mao also wrote a "Qinyuanchun. Snow", all the literati at that time will never reach which height, not because Chairman Mao has a high attainment of the poem itself, but to life has more than ordinary people's understanding of the "Hujia eighteen beats" is also the same.
4. Different situation and different style from other talented women in history.
Cai Yan's life fate is difficult, her tragic fate which is also like the end of the Han Dynasty, her life is the end of the Han Dynasty society is epitomized. At that time, the society was in the context of warlords and warlords, Cai Yan as a young woman of the upper class aristocrats can not be spared, can imagine the cruelty of the war. According to records, the population of the early Han Dynasty was about 20 million (not counting women), and when the Three Kingdoms were returned to the Jin Dynasty, there were only four or five million, and the killing and poking in the Cold War era without distinguishing between the soldiers and the people was very brutal, and the harm done to the lives of the people was not less than that of modern wars. Then look at the life experiences of several other talented women.
Li Qingzhao: female lyricist of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the early days of her life, she lived in exile in the south, where she died of Mingcheng's illness and was left in a lonely situation. In the early period, she wrote about her leisurely life, and in the later period, she lamented her life.
Zhu Shujin: Song female writer. Born in a family of officials, rumor has it that she was dissatisfied with her marriage and died of depression. She was able to draw and paint, and she knew the rhythm of music. Her words were often sad and sentimental. She could also write poetry.
Shangguan Wan'er (上官婉儿): A female poet of the Tang Dynasty. She was a poetess of the Tang Dynasty. She was well versed in literature, and practiced singing and dancing. She was also known as Shangguan Zhaorong (上官昭容), as she was named Zhaorong (昭容) by Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty. Later, she was killed without authorization. All of her poems were written in response to the system, with deliberate wordplay and dialog, and very few of them really reflected women's lives and personalities.
Xue Tao: a Tang Dynasty prostitute and poet, her father was an official in the imperial court in her early years, and she lived in Chengdu because of the war, and after her father died of illness, she was enrolled in the music register because of her livelihood, and she had a special relationship with the dignitaries in Chengdu at that time, and there were a lot of poems by writers and writers in response to the poem.
Mrs. Rui Hua: the wife of Meng Chang, the later lord of Chen in the fifth generation, had talent. She committed suicide after the destruction of Chen by Sui.
Mrs. Hua Rui and Cai Yan's fate is somewhat similar, but she chose to die, while Cai Yan chose to live, because of this a lot of people say that Cai Yan martyrdom is not enough for a woman in the face of life and death, we can ask her to do what? Thousands of years we ask women to temperament than life and death, which itself is the bondage of women, just because Cai Yan chose life, only to write such a deafening work.
Cai Yan is unique in history, and her poems are also unique, although not many of her works have been handed down, but they are all fine. No matter whether it is "Poem of Sorrow and Anger" or "Eighteen Beats of Huge Eggplant", all of them have extremely high ideology. There is both female delicacy and male thinking about society and life, therefore, her works give people a very different feeling from the above mentioned people. Like a person, literature also has temperament, if the literary temperament of the talented women represented by Li Qingzhao is gorgeous, soft and pretty, with the beauty of a young girl; Cai Yan is simple, calm and heroic, with the tolerance of motherhood, and therefore more shocking and more tenacious of life. Reading Cai Yan's poems gives people more to think about.
It is in the social context of the end of the Han Dynasty that the Jian'an literature was formed, and the Jian'an literature gives people the feeling that it is absolutely less flashy, without the embellishment of gorgeous words, and is simple and only thought-provoking. Cai Yan's poems are also like this, the experience of life has purified all the things outside of life, leaving only the most genuine things. It makes people feel that it is not written by a woman but more like a man. Compared with Cai Yan, Li Qingzhao, Zhu Shuzhen, and Xue Tao did not really experience the harm of war and had very little experience of the cruelty of war, and none of them was on the front line of war like Cai Yan. Therefore, most of their poems are written about women's lives in their chambers, and there is very little reflection on society and life. Cai Yan was far superior to the others in terms of thoughtfulness.
Some examples of other poems are given here for comparison.
Li Qingzhao:
Dot Jiangzhi Lips
Cuju finished the swing, up lethargically whole delicate hand. The dew is thick and the flowers are thin, and the sweat is light. The first time I saw someone come, the sock shoveled the gold hairpin slipped, and shy away. The first thing you need to do is to get your hands dirty.
Li Qingzhao also wrote: "Life as a man, death is also a ghost. I still think of Xiang Yu, refused to cross the Jiangdong."
Zhu Shujin:
Sheng Chazi Yuanxi
Last year on New Year's Eve, the lights in the flower market were as bright as day. When the moon was on the willow-top, people were about after dusk. The moon and the lights are still the same this year. I don't see anyone from last year, and my sleeves are wet with tears.
Yi Qin'e On the sixth day and night of the first month, the moon
was curved and bent, and the New Year's crescent moon hooked the cold jade. The new year's crescent moon is a new year's crescent moon, and it's a new year's crescent moon. The new year's new moon is the first day of the new year, and the new moon is the first day of the new year, and the new moon is the first day of the new year. The first six days of the New Year's Eve are better than the first six days of the New Year's Eve.
Mrs. Hua Rui's works are quite a lot, but really well known is the death of the country's four lines: "The king on the city erected the flag, concubine in the palace that know. One hundred and forty thousand people all unarmored, rather than one is a man." , as for the other poems can even be said to be the sound of decadence.
Although Shangguan Wan'er was talented, most of her poems were written in response to the system, and she did not have many good works.
So Cai Yan is unique, the only one; the Eighteen Beats of the Huge Cigar is also unique, the only one.
Firstly, the tragedy of "Eighteen Beats of Huge Eggplant" is characterized. Cai Yan's life is not entirely a tragedy, Cai Yan's second half of life and her last husband, Dong Sze, had a very good relationship, and the two of them finally traced the Luo River upward, looking for clear water and forests and secluded places to end their lives. Fate did not abandon Diem completely, and people who loved this talented woman breathed a sigh of relief. However, the Eighteen Beats of the Hookah was written from the time she did not enter the Xiongnu to the time she returned to the Han Dynasty, which was precisely the most painful experience of Cai Yan. She wrote in chronological order, thought and feeling layer by layer to follow, each beat is like a raging wave layer by layer to pressure people breathless, so that people have the feeling of being there. I can't help but sigh at the heavenly jealousy of talent, and feel that fate is unfair to this talented woman, which is where the charm of "Eighteen Beats of Huge Eggplant" lies. Among them, "The sky is boundless, the earth is boundless, my heart is sad, and so is my heart. Life is as swift as the passage of a white horse, but I can't be happy when I'm in my prime. I want to ask the sky, but the sky is pale and there is no edge to it. Raise your head and look up at the empty clouds and smoke, and who will pass on the nine beats of love." The song is written by a talented woman who has been caught by fate, and it is a perfect illustration of her feelings of injustice. Than more than a thousand years after Guan Hanqing wrote the famous tragedy in the "ground, you do not argue loyalty and treachery for the ground; day, you wrong survey of the wise and foolish in vain for the sky" artistic achievement is even higher, the time is even earlier. Among them, the use of "the sky has no end and the earth has no boundaries" than the self-sadness, extremely said its big, is very apt. It's just that "Dou'e Grievance" gives people the feeling of a desperate cry, while "Hujia eighteen beats" is a slow and unhurried way of saying.
Secondly, from the small personal feelings to the big feelings of the nation. Cai Diem in the "Hujia eighteen beat" in the first person tone of voice to write the feelings of their own experience, some of them are homesickness, the fifth beat wrote: "Geese south of the expedition Ruoxi want to send the border of the heart, the geese north of the return of the Ruoxi for the sound of the Han. The geese are flying high and it is hard to find them, and their intestines are broken and their thoughts solemn. I am solemn in my thoughts. I look toward the moon and play the elegant qin." Here Cai Yan uses the geese that come and go freely in the fall and spring to set off her helplessness, loneliness and lack of freedom. The more people sympathize with her. There is also an indictment of the difficulties of fate, "For heaven has eyes, why not see me drift alone, for God has a spirit, what is the matter with my head in the south and north of the sky. I am not responsible for the sky, the sky is not worthy of me, I am not responsible for the God, the God put me to death in the barren state." Read the touching tears. The first few beats are from the personal small feelings to write their own feelings, after a few beats she wrote from the personal small feelings to the national big feelings. When she was not a free agent, she thought of the people who had the same fate as her own, and there were worries about the fate of the country and the nation and complaints about the barbaric war. "When I left, the soil was dry and withered, and the white bones in the sand field were scarred by knives and arrows. The winds and frosts are bitterly cold in spring and summer, the men and horses are hungry and vicious, and the flesh and bones are single." The fire in the city has never been extinguished, and when will the battle on the battlefield stop? The murderous spirit rushes towards the door of the plug, and the wind of Hu blows the moon on the border night after night." and other lines. Reflects the kindness of a woman and the poet's musings.
Cai Yan did not enter the Xiongnu is a painful experience for individuals, but for the people of Hu and Han is a good emotional exchange. After the departure of Cai Wenji, the people of South Xiongnu rolled reed leaves and blew reed in the bright moonlight night, making a mournful sound, imitating Cai Wenji's "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia", which became an everlasting tune in the region. It became a long-lasting tune in the region. It was very popular for people in the Central Plains to play "Hu Jia Eighteen Beats" with huqin and zheng, and it was rumored that this fashion in the Central Plains started from her last husband, Dong Sze. Cai Yan was important to the Huns because they admired the Han culture, and Cai Yan's talent was even more admired by the Huns. Cai Yan was also the Xiongnu of King Zuoxian, which made her a very special person. In the Huns have long had the custom of robbing the marriage, more than a thousand years after Genghis Khan's mother is robbed, the robbed woman as his wife is also very normal, which at the time of the Han people's customs would be difficult to accept. In fact the Huns had long accepted Cai Yan, who did not accept such a marriage. It was not until Cao Cao sent an envoy to fetch her that she decided to return to her homeland, even though by this time she had already given birth to children for King Zuo Xian (左贤王), and she was more than willing to let go of her thoughts of her homeland. From Cai Yan did not enter the Hun experience is unfortunate, but the misfortune of the fortunate is that she met the left virtuous king Liu Bao rather than others, Liu Bao in the history of the Huns is also considered a generation of wise king, he is a person who knows how to appreciate the "Hu cigar eighteen pats," written in this way: "the day to live in the moon Ruoxi in the Rongbase, the hu people favor me Ruoxi two sons," visible at the time Liu Bao This shows Liu Bao's attitude towards such a talented woman. But Cai Yan still can not accept such a marriage, Cai Yan want love is not so, from the influence of her other men to see what kind of lover in her heart: the first man Hedong Wei family, the son of a family, suave; Cao Cao extraordinary martial arts, talent; Tuntian Lieutenant Dong Sisi is in his prime, quite a talent. The lover of Cai Yan's heart should be a man of culture, not Liu Bao, who was arrogant and courageous and less literate. The poem reads: "Rongkang forces me to be a family, and I am traveling to the end of the world. The clouds and mountains are heavy and the road back is long, and the wind is a thousand miles and raises dust and sand. The people are violent and fierce, like insects and snakes, and the strings are controlled by the armor, which makes them extravagant." The word "rongkang" here is still a derogatory term. In fact, in those days, Cai Yan's fate was not too bad, the era of human life is very indifferent, women are just dispensable playthings. There is a passage in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms in which Cao Cao, having fled from the assassination of Dong Zhuo, encounters a scholar whose family is poor and has nothing to offer, so he kills his own concubine to give Cao Cao a drink. It seems that not only were the Hu people brutal at that time, but the Han people were just as brutal under the mask of gentleness and elegance. In feudal society, this kind of thing was very normal. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Xun, who guarded Suiyang, was besieged for many days and had no food to eat, so he killed his own concubine to give food to the soldiers in order to boost their morale, and thus he was praised by the mainstream society of scholars, which showed that the social state of that time was very clear. It can be said that there were many women in that society who had a worse fate than Cai Yan, but they were not Cai Yan, they did not have Cai Yan's talent and sensitivity. They were not as talented and perceptive as Cai Yan, so they could not experience such pain, or they could not express it when they did experience it. Cai Yan was able to do so, firstly because of her outstanding talent, and secondly because Cai Yan herself was a woman with a "petit bourgeoisie" in modern terms, full of flirtation and beautiful imaginations, and therefore had a deeper feeling of pain. Therefore, she used her own personal feelings to write the "Eighteen Beats of Hookah", which also touched two great nations and moved people for thousands of years. Later, a poet wrote: "The original Cai woman used to make the sound of Hu Jia, and she played eight beats of Hu Jia; the Hu people shed tears and stained the grass on the border, and the Han envoys broke their hearts to the returning guests."
The reason for denying that Cai Yan is the author of "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia" is mainly analyzed from the historical point of view by the descendants, and it is said that in the poem: "The son of the Han family Ruoxi Buyanghe. Qiang Hu step dance Ruoxi *** eulogy, the two countries to make merry Ruoxi strike war." A few lines are not consistent with history, and the objection is that there was no war between Han and Xiongnu at that time, which in fact was not the case. First, literature is not history, and does not necessarily have to be completely consistent with history, sometimes it is the need for the work to be written. Even if there are some discrepancies with history, there is no cause for alarm. Poets do not have the responsibility to write history, so why must they be completely consistent with history? Secondly, I think these lines are also consistent with history. In the Poem of Sorrow and Anger, it is written, "The Zhuo army came to the east, and its golden armor shone in the sunlight. The people of Pingtu are vulnerable, and the incoming troops are all Huqiang." Dong Zhuo's troops were predominantly ethnic minorities, and there were also "huans", or Huns, among them. Before Cai Yan was ransomed by Cao Cao, he completed the unification of the north, in the process of conquering Ma Chao and Han Sui, there is no record of how to make the Xiongnu subjugation, but Cao Cao divided the Xiongnu into five parts, divided and ruled, which is a historical fact, with what to divide it? Of course, it is not a sermon, or military strength. Imagine not after the war can do? And finally, when Cai Yan returned to Han, she was already the concubine of Liu Bao, the king of Zuo Xian, and gave birth to his children, and was favored by the king of Zuo Xian, which of course could not be done without the backing of a strong military force. Therefore this reason is untenable. We should not copy history, not all wars are recorded in history, and when two countries are in a state of confrontation, they are not necessarily recorded in history. The second reason is that the "Eighteen Beats of the Hookah" appeared later, and the earliest record of it was found in the "Lefu", not in the canonical books before that, so some scholars say that it may be the work of a later generation, but I think that most of these views are analyzed from the historical point of view rather than from the literary point of view. But I think most of these views are analyzed from a historical point of view rather than a literary point of view. The third is that the geographical environment does not fit. At the end of the Han Dynasty, the southern Xiongnu lived in Pingyang, near Linfen, Shanxi Province, so the poem, such as "night heard the Longshui Ruoxi sound whimpering, the Great Wall Ruoxi road without a trace", "yellow artemisia on the plug Ruoxi branches withered and dried leaves," and so on, describing the inaccurate, but Guo Moruo has long refuted it: "East Han Guangwu era, Xiongnu had split into two countries in the north and south. South Xiongnu attached to the Han Dynasty, Emperor Xian Di moved to Pingyang. However, this guide to the Xiongnu's royal court and the location of the monarchs, in fact, the tribes are still scattered in the West River, Beidi, Shofang, Wuhuan, Yunzhong, Dingxiang, Yanmen and Dai eight counties, stretching inside and outside the Great Wall of 3,000 miles ". Not that it doesn't fit with the geography. Fourthly, some people say that Cai Yan's captivity should be after Dong Zhuo's death, not before, because before Dong Zhuo's death Cai Yong was being utilized by Dong Zhuo. In fact, before and after Dong Zhuo's death did not make much difference to Cai Yan when he wrote the poem "Eighteen Beats of the Hookah"; the Xiongnu's troops were about to be invited by Dong Zhuo as a guest army, and such a force would be neither responsible nor binding on the people of the Han land. The autumn of chaos is between the warlord and the scholar, and the scholar is shown to be weaker and weaker. Only from the literary point of view of the poem, there are two lines in "Eighteen Beats of the Hookah" which are translated from the Book of Poetry, one of which is: "At the beginning of my life I was still doing nothing, and after I was born the throne of the Han Dynasty declined." The first line is "I was born at the beginning of my life, but I am still doing nothing, and after my birth the Han Dynasty is in decline." The second line is "I was born at the beginning of my life, but I am still doing nothing, and after my birth the Han Dynasty is in decline. Pheasant is away from Luo. In the beginning of my life, I did nothing, but after my birth, I met with a hundred misfortunes. ...... At the beginning of my life, I did not yet create anything; after my birth, I met with a hundred sorrows." The other line is: "The Hu people favor me with two sons. I am not ashamed to give birth to them, and the sound of my counseling is very important to me as I grow up in the border area." It is from "The Classic of Poetry", "My father gave birth to me, my mother bows to me", but it is not later than the Han Dynasty, so it is not clear that it was written by a later generation. There is no particularly good reason for any of the others, but the 18 Beats of the Hookah is similar in style to the second poem of Cai Yan's Poem of Sorrow and Anger, and the metrical form of the poem is very much like it. Most people still think that this poem of grief and anger is made by Cai Yan.