Only one month after the September 18th Incident, the "Blood League Salvation Army" in Qingyuan, Fushun, fired the first shot of the armed resistance against the Japanese in Liaodong. At the same time, the mother of the National Anthem, the "Blood League Salvation Army Song" was born, more than three years before the "March of the Volunteer Army", on October 16, 1931, in Fushun, sang "The Chinese nation has reached the most dangerous time"!
July 16, 2015, more than 40 experts, scholars and descendants of the war martyrs unanimously identified: October 16, 1931 birth of the "blood alliance national salvation army anthem" is the national anthem of the "mother", Fushun is the national anthem of the foundation.
The lyrics of the song are very similar to those of the national anthem we are familiar with:
Rise up, people who don't want to be slaves of the country
Arousing the whole nation with our flesh and blood
We can't just sit back and wait for death
We must rise up and kill the enemy
The Chinese nation has come to the most dangerous time
Rise up! Arise!
The whole nation is united
Fight! Fight! Fight! Fight!
The song is the "Blood League Salvation Army Military Song," written by brothers Sun Mingwu and Sun Mingchen (also known as Sun Yaozu) of Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County.
July 16, 2015, Fushun City held a commemoration of the 70th anniversary of victory in the war of resistance and "Fushun - national anthem foundation" forum, more than 40 experts and scholars from the province, as well as the descendants of the martyrs of the war of resistance to participate in the forum, the participants unanimously concluded that the war of resistance is not a war of resistance, but a war of resistance. Participants unanimously concluded: more than 3 years before the March of the Volunteers, that is, on October 16, 1931, in Fushun on the ground sang "the Chinese nation to the most dangerous time!" Fushun was the foundation of the national anthem!
In the symposium, Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences, director of the Northeast Fall History Research Office Zhang Jie said, "Blood League Salvation Army Song" is the national anthem of the "mother", the national anthem is how the origin of the problem has been a gap in the field of historical research, do a good job of this work for the country, the community is a major contribution. Mr. Wang Jianxue, vice president of the Modern History Society of China and president of the Liaoning "September 18th" War Research Association, believes that a large amount of historical data proves that "Fushun is the foundation of the national anthem," which can be determined to be accurate.
Sun brothers provide original material for the national anthem
According to the data, on September 28, 2002, Wang Pinglu, vice president of the Fushun Academy of Social Sciences, interviewed Sun Chao, the son of Sun Mingwu, who lived in Fushun Xigu Liansha and worked as a driver for Fushun Petroleum Plant I. Sun Chao recalled, "I'm not sure if it's a good idea, but I'm sure it's a good idea. Sun Chao recalled, "My father raised righteousness against the Japanese at first also created a 'military song', it was October 16, 1931, I was 15 years old, at the scene of creation." The old man also sang this military song to Wang Pinglu on the spot, using a northeastern tone, the old tune. He said the lyrics were jointly composed by his father and his uncle Sun Mingchen, and composed by Zhang Xianming. In addition, in 2003, Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of History, guest researcher, Fushun City, executive director of the Local History Association, Bai Fengyu in Qingyuan Dasuhe interviewed the Salvation Army veteran warrior Sun Xu'en, at that time, Sun Xu'en also emotionally sang the song.
These clues triggered the attention of the relevant departments of Fushun City. 2014, Fushun City CPPCC set up a working group of evidence to Qingyuan, Shenyang, Jinzhou, Zhangjiakou, Tangshan, Beijing, Gubeikou, the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Hall to carry out thematic research.
So what exactly are the Sun brothers?
Sun Mingwu, born on September 15, 1889 in Qingyuan County, Zhongzhaizi village in a middle peasant family. He graduated from the police coaching institute in Xingjing County. He served as a company commander and battalion commander of the Feng Army. Sun Mingchen alias Sun Yaozu was the younger brother of Sun Mingwu. He graduated from Xingjing County Teacher's Training Institute and worked as an elementary school principal and a school member and investigator of the Qingyuan County Education Bureau.
In 1931, on the day of the September 18th Incident, Sun Mingwu witnessed the aggression and atrocities of the Japanese invaders, so he and his old friend Zhang Xianming, who had been studying in Japan, mobilized his friends, relatives and fellow townspeople to organize anti-Japanese forces. At the same time, they instigated the mutiny of the 28th Squadron of Liaoning Public Security Brigade, Li Dongzhai's unit. Sun Mingwu sold his family's assets, purchased guns, and decided to revolt in mid-October 1931. On the eve of the uprising, Sun Mingwu, Sun Mingchen and Zhang Xianming composed an anti-Japanese military song for the Volunteer Army at the Sun family compound in Zhongzhaizi Village, which was the "Blood League Salvation Army Military Song". The Sun brothers wrote the lyrics and Zhang Xianming composed the music.
On October 19, 1931, Sun Mingwu, Zhang Xianming and Li Dongzhai's 28th Squadron of more than 400 people, gathered in Qingyuan County, Dasuhe Township, singing a military song, declared the uprising, the establishment of the "Liaodong Blood League National Salvation Army". Sun Mingwu was elected as the commander-in-chief of the Army, Li Dongjai as the commander-in-chief, and Zhang Xianming as the chief counselor, and Sun Mingchen purchased guns, ammunition, and other military supplies from all over the country.
In January 1932, the National Salvation Army had grown to more than 1,000 men. at the end of January, Sun Mingwu, Zhang Xianming and more than 20 other generals were killed. After Sun Mingwu's death, Sun Mingchen led the remaining troops to join the Sixth Road Army of Liaoning Popular Self-Defense Army and was appointed as the commander of the Sixth Brigade to fight against the enemy. Eventually, the team was broken up. Later, Sun Mingchen was arrested and imprisoned, and was killed by the Japanese at the age of 39.
On September 1, 2014, the State Ministry of Civil Affairs published a list of 300 famous anti-Japanese martyrs and heroic groups. This list, ordered by the year the martyrs died and the strokes of their surnames, ranked Sun Mingwu, the commander-in-chief of the Liaodong Blood League Salvation Army, in the first place.
On April 1, 2015, the Fushun Examination Working Group went to Zhongzhaizi Village, the hometown of Sun Mingwu in Qingyuan, and found Jiang Xuelu, a relative of Sun Mingwu, to learn more about the situation. Already 93 years old old man recounted the situation: "I called Sun Mingwu three grandpa, called Sun Mingchen four uncle. I was 9 years old and often went in and out of the Sun family compound to play. One day in a room in the main house, there was a man holding a wooden stick in front of a long table directing about 20 people to sing together 'Get up, get up! I thought the adults thought I was 'in the way' and told me to get up."
April 21, 2015, the examination working group in Zhangjiakou, Sun Mingchen's grandson Luanning took out an old photo he had treasured for many years, which was taken with his nephew Sun Zhiping before his grandfather's determination to return to the northeast. Sun Luan Ning recalled: "After his arrival in Peking, grandpa went to Beijing University and other places to give speeches under the arrangement of the 'National Salvation Society' to publicize and introduce the fighting exploits of the Liaodong Volunteer Army, and at the end of the speeches, he called out and sang the lyrics of the 'Blood League National Salvation Army Song'."
In Tangshan, another grandson of Sun Mingchen grandson Kepen recalled to the Examination Working Group, in 1954 on listening to his father Sun Zhenzhong sang "March of the Volunteer Army", at that time, but also said that here are the words made up by your grandpa and your three grandpas to make trouble with the Volunteer Army.
Subsequently, Fushun testimony working group came to the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japan Memorial Hall, found that the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japan Memorial Hall to Sun Mingwu, Sun Yaozu brothers very high evaluation: "They are patriotic martyrs to the country for the family, they use blood and life to arouse the awakening of the millions of people and resistance, they deserve to be the founding father of the Volunteer Army and the March of the Volunteer Army! ". This is the only qualitative assessment made on the issue of who are the founders of the national anthem, which has emerged in some parts of the country in the fight for the attribution of the national anthem.
Four Possibilities for Tian Han's Getting the Information
So how did the "Blood League Salvation Army Anthem" come into Mr. Tian Han's hands? Fushun City CPPCC Cultural and Historical Committee member Peng Zhuangfei told reporters, according to the existing information analysis has four possibilities: First, the end of 1932, one of the authors of the Sun Mingchen had been to Beiping to publicize the volunteer anti-Japanese feats, many times singing the "Blood League Salvation Army Song", "Blood League Salvation Army Song" in the patriotic people circulated. Secondly, in March 1933, Tian Han came to Gubeikou with the Shanghai 800-member condolence delegation to show sympathy to the front line of the war, and stayed in Gubeikou for 23 days, which made it possible for him to come into contact with the Liaodong Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, including the "Song of the Blood League and National Salvation Army" and other related materials. Third, Tang Juwu, the leader of the Northeastern Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, had met with Mr. Tian Han twice, once in Peking and once in Shanghai, and could have directly provided him with information about the Liaodong Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army. Fourth, back then, the "Military Song of the Blood League Salvation Army" was sung in a group of 1,000 people, and although the Blood League Salvation Army was broken up, the living generals will spread the stirring military song when they enter the pass.
Peng Zhuangfei told reporters, "March of the Volunteers" is Tian Han's thick work, but through careful comparison, analysis, can be found, whether it is the intention, theme, structure, rhyme or phrasing, the main words and phrases are highly similar to the "blood alliance salvation army army song" for the "March of the Volunteers" to provide a more direct original material. It should be said that the lyrics of "March of the Volunteer Army" are more condensed, more graphic, more contemporary and more influential than those of "Army Song of the Blood League and National Salvation Army". In particular, Tian Han transcended the limitations of the historical era and wrote "Rise up, people who don't want to be slaves; the Chinese nation has come to the most dangerous time". These two lines of lyrics have a profound sense of history and transcend time and space historical enlightenment and warning value. Coupled with Nie Er's masterful musical treatment, the March of the Volunteer Army has become an eternal melody in the heart of the Chinese nation.
The national anthem has deep roots in Liaoning
On September 27, 1949, the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) adopted the "Resolution on the Chinese People's **** and the National Capital, the Year of the Year, the National Anthem, and the National Flag", with the "March of the Volunteer Army" as the national anthem. The March of the Volunteer Army was written by Mr. Tian Han and composed by Mr. Nie Er in 1935. So, where did the words written by Mr. Tian Han originate from?
Nowadays, more and more experts and scholars tend to think that it is closely related to Liaoning. After the "September 18th" Incident, Liaoning all over the formation of the volunteer army, self-defense forces, national salvation army, big knife, red gun will be popular armed forces, collectively known as the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army. Antiwar songs and uprising oath also came into being.
Previously, a number of places in Liaoning claimed to be the hometown, birthplace or original material for the national anthem. Since 2007, Huanren put forward the "national anthem material original place", which is based on April 21, 1932, Liaoning People's Self-Defense Army in Huanren held anti-Japanese pledge meeting, the commander-in-chief of the Tang Juwu issued a "letter to the armed comrades", through the Beijing Post and Telegraph Bureau sent to the country, has had a greater impact. Huanren, "Notice to Armed Comrades" contains the following words: "Unite. Which can not be willing to be a slave of the country, revitalize the spirit of killing the enemy and defending the country, we must know that now is the juncture of China's survival, our compatriots are oppressed, unite, respond to the winds and clouds up, all of us are united. Our northeastern people have been filled with anger, so shouting and killing more and more intense, defying artillery fire, braving the rain of bullets straight into!" According to this view, the material basis of "March of the Volunteer Army" composed by Tian Han in "Children of the Wind and Cloud" is derived from the "Letter to the Armed Comrades" of the Liaoning People's Self-Defense Army.
Jinzhou considers itself the birthplace of the Volunteer Army and the March of the Volunteer Army. They are based on the Beizhen, Montenegro, Gao Pengzhen "Northeast National Salvation Army" of the Volunteer Army oath, military might and achievements for the creation of the "March of the Volunteer Army" provides a realistic basis. "Northeast National Salvation Army" pledge song of the original lyrics: get up! Arise! People who don't want to be slaves of the country, the nation is in danger, the mountains and rivers are broken! Our homes have been destroyed, our parents are cannon fodder, what's the use of keeping our heads? Pick up our swords and spears, hand in hand, and charge forward in the face of enemy fire! Build the Great Wall with our bodies. Pick up our swords and spears, hand in hand, and charge forward in the rain of enemy bullets! Build the Great Wall with our bodies. Forward! Forward! Forward! Forward with our lives. Forward! Forward! Forward! Forward with your lives. Kill! Kill! Kill! One, two, three, four!
Panshan County put forward the Panshan Volunteer Army is the creation of the prototype of the March of the Volunteer Army. They believe that after the "September 18" Incident, Panshan people Zhang Haitian, Xiang Qingshan's anti-Japanese "Declaration", "telegram" for the creation of the "March of the Volunteers" provides a deep spiritual sustenance. "From 1931 to 1933, the Panshan Volunteer Army first disturbed Panshan, secondly struck Tai'an, thirdly fought in Tianzhuangtai, fourthly attacked Niuzhuang, fifthly attacked Haicheng, and then participated in the Great Wall War of Resistance." In the country has a great impact, Tian Han, Nie Er through the press and other channels of the Panshan Volunteer Army to understand, inspired their creative enthusiasm.
The Zhuluko Village in Jianping County, Chaoyang City, also made the claim that the national anthem originated there. Their claim is based on the fact that in February 1933, Nie Er visited Zhuluko Village in Jianping County to console the volunteers who took part in the Jehol War of Resistance. In addition, there is a claim in Liaoning Province that the national anthem was born in Nanpiao, Huludao. After the September 18th Incident in 1931, a beacon of national self-defense was ignited in the northeast of China. Anti-Japanese volunteers have risen all over the Northeast. In less than a year, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army has reached 300,000 people. from February, some of the Northeast anti-Japanese armed forces were reorganized into the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces to continue to fight against the Japanese in various regions. At the time when the Allied Resistance Army was struggling hard against the Japanese, a song came out from a prison in Shanghai: it was the lyrics of a song written by the writer Tian Han for the movie "Children of the Wind and Cloud" at that time, and composed by Nie Er, and it was the "March of the Volunteer Army".
In 1933, the Japanese invaders invaded Jehol, advancing toward Jianping via Chaoyang. one morning in February, a group of cavalry came to the town of Sijiazhuang, all concentrating on drills in the open space by the river on the west side of Sijiazhuang Street. At this time, a hundred or so men came down from several automobiles coming from the direction of Karakin in Jianping County, along with a kind of machine which I heard could take pictures of portraits, and which I later learned was called a photographic camera. They filmed the cavalry troops going out to drill, blowing horns, stabbing, singing and galloping on warhorses. Later, one of the men even played the yangqin and taught the students who were watching us to sing the troop's songs. On this day, the troops also fought the Japanese at Qinggouliang, with guns blazing until dark.
In 2001, the Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, edited by the Committee of literature and history of the "Great Wall of Flesh and Blood - Volunteer Anti-Japanese Struggle Facts" anthology, included Liu Fengwu in 1979 to write to the Office of the Party History of Montenegro County, Liaoning Province in the "Memories of Montenegro County Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army," an article, which has such a reminiscence: "When it was almost the end of the solar year, Gao Peng brought the news from the Anti-Japanese Rescue Council in Peking and asked our volunteer army in western Liaoning to go to Jehol to receive the weapons, equipment and condolences donated by patriots from all over the world. Our unit of more than 400 men from Reed's Worp in Heishan County traveled from Panshan through Zhaojiatun, Zhong'anbao, and Fuxin to arrive at Jehol in the area of Bezifu and Zhuluko. There were also more than 200 people from Zheng Zifeng of Zhengjiawopu and more than 200 people from Xiao Zhenqi of Anjiahe who traveled from western Liaoning to Jehol. In addition, more than 600 people from Baimiao Baiyihua of Fuxin also arrived at Jehol. All of us were cavalrymen, and we were organized into the Cavalry Brigade of the Second Army Corps of the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army (AJVA) as the First Regiment of the Cavalry Brigade of the Second Army Corps of the Northeastern Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army (NAVA). Nie Er and some other patriotic intellectuals came to Jehol, and they comforted the troops while doing anti-Japanese propaganda work. From the fourth series of Liaoning Literary and Historical Materials, we can also find the memoirs of Li Chunhua, deputy chief of the former Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army Second Corps, "Overview of the Second Corps of the Northeast Volunteer Army". It is recorded in the text: "In the evening of February 25, 1933, the military minister of the National Salvation Society, Wang Huayi, the deputy minister of the political department, Du Chongyuan, and the head of the Shanghai Liaoji and Heihe Hot Support Association, Zhu Qinglan, led more than a hundred people to arrive in Zhuluko with arms and ammunition, clothing and consolation goods. 26th to the Sijiajiazi to review and consolation troops, and the film company in Shanghai made a documentary film. "
The Hebei Provincial Committee of Political Consultative Conference of literature and history included the former Beiping Northeast People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Association military minister and the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army second legion corps leader Wang Hua Yi's memoirs of "Japanese invasion of heat during the hot Jehol Chronicle," the text records: "February 22, 1933, we set out from Chengde to Zhuluko village. The Jehol Transportation Corps put together six trucks to carry artillery shells, propaganda teams, and accompanying personnel, etc. On the night of the 25th we advanced to the temporary general headquarters of the 2nd Corps at Zhuluko, and on the 26th we advanced to Sijiazhi at 10 o'clock to review all the soldiers and officers who had arrived."
In a landscaped park in Jinzhou City, an old spire-roofed house with yellow walls, green tiles and green eaves has weathered the storms for nearly a century. This was the former site of the Northeast Jiaotong University, but also the former site of the Northeast Border Guard Commander's Office, the Liaoning Provincial Government Office and the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army after the September 18th Incident. 2014, Jinzhou City Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army Research Association set up a Northeast AntiJapanese Volunteer Army Memorial Hall here to show people the history of the heroic and indomitable Northeast AntiJapanese Volunteer Army. The history of the Northeastern Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army. Standing in front of a display board, Liu Shenglin gazed at his father and other forefathers of the photo stopped for a long time. He pointed to one of the cavalry horse team running forward photo, said: "This picture is from the Shanghai Huichong film company shooting the film "hot river blood and tears" in the screenshot down, the picture of the team riding a white horse is my father, the shooting place is now Aohan Banner Sijiazhuang town."
Liu Fengwu said in his memoirs, "In February 1933, during the war of resistance in Jehol, when Gao Peng accompanied the condolence delegation of the Hougang Association to console and interview our volunteer officers and soldiers, the condolences were distributed in the order from the first battalion to the third battalion, and when the condolence delegation distributed the condolences to the first battalion and the second battalion first, I commanded the third battalion of officers and soldiers to sing the 'Oath of the Volunteer Army Song'. Nie Er from the consolation group heard the song and came to us. Nie Er, a southerner, asked us, "I don't understand the song you're singing in northeastern Chinese, what kind of song is it? I thought it was a silly song. I told Nie Er that what we were singing was not a silly song, but the Song of the Oath of the Volunteer Army. Gao Peng was a student at Northeastern University and a liaison officer in the military department of the Northeastern People's Anti-Japanese Rescue Association in Beiping. The young intellectuals who followed Zhu Qinglan from Shanghai and Peking to Jehol to offer condolences to Chengde were convened by him in charge of liaison, and he knew Nie Er and the others, and it was through Gao Peng's introduction that I came to know Nie Er."
"According to my father's recollections and other historical records can be seen, it is because of the year Nie Er in the four families with the volunteers officers and soldiers sang the "Song of the Volunteer Army Pledge", and from my father, he got the "Song of the Volunteer Army Pledge" flyer, which later Nie Er and Tian Han **** with the creation of the "March of the Volunteer Army" to provide the basic material. The Song of the Oath of the Volunteer Army was written in Jinzhou, and from Sijiazhuang it went to the whole country through Nie Er. In other words, Sijiajia should be the place where the material for the National Anthem of the People's Republic of China*** and the People's Republic of China came out." Liu Shenglin, son of Liu Fengwu, affirmed.
In 1934, Zhu Qinglan financed and sponsored the Shanghai Dentsu Film Company to make the movie "Sons and Daughters of the Wind and Clouds," which was scripted by Tian Han. But Tian Han was arrested and imprisoned by the Kuomintang government on Feb. 19, 1935, after delivering only a synopsis of the story and the lyrics of a theme song, which was later converted into a filmed tableau by the country's first-generation film director Xia Yan. After Tian Han's arrest, the musician Nie Er found Xia Yan and undertook the task of composing the theme song for "Sons and Daughters of the Wind and Cloud".
On April 18, 1935, Nie Er arrived in Tokyo, Japan, and revised the first draft of the theme song for "Sons and Daughters of the Wind and Clouds," and then sent it back to China after the score was finalized.
According to the staff of the Shanghai National Anthem Exhibition Center, after the completion of the pre-shooting of the movie "Sons and Daughters of the Wind and Clouds", the lyrics of Tian Han's theme song did not determine the name of the song, and Nie Er sent the lyrics of the song from Japan back to the name of the song was only written in three words, "marching song". How did the lyrics of the theme song of "Children of the Wind and Cloud" and the name "March" become one name? As the investor of the movie "Sons and Daughters of the Wind and Clouds", General Zhu Qinglan added the words "Volunteer Army" in front of the words "Marching Song", and the title of the theme song of "Sons and Daughters of the Wind and Clouds" became "Marching Song of the Volunteer Army". In the end, Shanghai Baidai Records turned "March of the Volunteers" into a record for public release.
The March of the Volunteer Army, with lyrics by Tian Han and music by Nie Er, was born in 1935, when the Chinese nation was at a critical juncture of life and death. This song, which has been sung on the Chinese soil for nearly 70 years, is like a battle horn, inspiring the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation to fight against the aggression of Japanese imperialism, liberate the whole of China, and build a society.
The September 18th Incident in 1931 opened the prelude to the Japanese imperialist invasion of China, and the roar of "not to be a slave of the country" aroused the patriotic fervor of the whole nation. Tian Han and Nie Er, who joined the CPC in 1932 and 1933 respectively, devoted themselves to the anti-Japanese salvation movement led by the CPC.
In the spring of 1934, Tian Han decided to write a movie script with the theme of anti-Japanese salvation. He had just finished a synopsis of the story and the lyrics of a theme song when he was arrested and imprisoned by the Kuomintang reactionaries. Another member of the ****production party, the dramatist Xia Yan, took over the story and turned it into a movie script, and Nie Er volunteered to compose the theme song "March of the Volunteers" written by Tian Han. When he read the lyrics, "Arise! People who don't want to be slaves! Build our new Great Wall with our flesh and blood! The Chinese nation has reached the most dangerous time, and everyone is forced to let out a final roar. Arise! Arise! Arise! With one heart, we advance against the enemy's fire! Advance against enemy fire! Forward! Forward! Forward!" As if he heard the mother's groan, the cry of the nation, the motherland's call, the warrior's roar, patriotic passion in his chest, the majestic, impassioned melody from the heart, and soon completed the first draft of the score. The first draft of the score was soon completed. Later, the final draft of the score was completed in the midst of the upheaval of hiding from the Kuomintang government. Thus was born a revolutionary war song that expressed the strong character of the Chinese nation, showed the dignity of the motherland, and was filled with the heroic spirit of unity and solidarity with the enemy. This was the last work of Nie Er in his short life.
After the birth of the March of the Volunteer Army, the song was immediately sung on the soil of the motherland as if it had wings. Accompanied by the tide of the "12-9" movement, the huge wave of the salvation movement, the fire of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and the smoke of the War of Liberation, it was sung all over the north and south of the Yangtze River, inside and outside of the Great Wall. This revolutionary song even became famous overseas and spread all over the world.
In 1940, Paul Robertson, a famous American black singer, sang the song in New York, and then he produced a set of records of Chinese revolutionary songs called "Get Up", for which Soong Ching Ling personally wrote the preface. On the anti-fascist front, "March of the Volunteers" represented the strongest war song of the Chinese people. As the Second World War was coming to an end, "March of the Volunteer Army" was listed among the songs for the victory and triumph of the Allied Forces. In 1949, as the rule of the Chiang dynasty of the Kuomintang in mainland China neared its end, the establishment of a new China began. In June of that year, the Preparatory Conference for the New Political Consultative Conference was held in Beiping. The Sixth Group of the Preparatory Conference with Ma Shulun as the leader and Ye Jianying and Mao Dun (Shen Yanbing) as the vice leaders was responsible for drawing up the program of the national flag, national emblem and national anthem of the new China. The members who participated in the work included Guo Moruo, Zhang Xiruo, Tian Han, Ma Yinchu, Zheng Zhenduo and more than 10 other famous people.
On July 4, 1949, Ye Jianying presided over the first meeting of the sixth group in the first conference room of the Qinzheng Hall in Zhongnanhai, and elected Guo Moruo, Tian Han, Mao Dun, Qian Sanqiang and Ouyang Yuqian to form a committee for the preliminary selection of the lyrics of the national anthem, with Guo Moruo as the convenor.
At the second meeting of the sixth group on August 5, 1949, it was decided to hire four music professionals, namely, Ma Sicong, He Luting, Lv Ji and Yao Jinxin, as consultants of the committee for the preliminary selection of the lyrics of the national anthem. The "Notice of Soliciting Patterns of the National Flag, National Emblem and National Anthem Score" drafted by Guo Moruo and others was revised and approved by Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, and then sent to the People's Daily, Tianjin Daily, Guangming Daily and other major newspapers and published for eight consecutive days. It was also reprinted in domestic newspapers and in Hong Kong and overseas Chinese newspapers. Such a large-scale collection of national flags, national emblems and national anthems in newspapers was rare in Chinese and foreign history. After the call for submissions was issued, it aroused a strong reaction in the Chinese land and overseas Chinese children, and the submissions came in like snowflakes.
By August 24, 1949, the Preparatory Committee had received more than 350 submissions on the national anthem. After careful discussion and scrutiny, it was felt that the draft of the national anthem was sufficiently small to be selected, and that it would not be in keeping with international practice or the requirements of the times for the newborn **** and the country to fail to identify a national anthem reflecting the dignity of the country at the time of the proclamation of its founding. Therefore, it was decided to systematically collect one more time, will be selected to make a song test singing, to the masses to seek extensive feedback before making the final selection.
September 21, 1949, the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Peking, the meeting set up by the 55-member National Flag, National Emblem, National Anthem, National Capital, the Chronicle Program Review Committee, Ma Shulun for the convenor. As of that day, the sixth group **** received 632 pieces of the national anthem should be drafted, 694 lyrics.
On September 25, 1949, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai hosted a consultative symposium on the national flag, the national emblem, the national anthem, the epochal year, and the national capital in Fengzeyuan, Zhongnanhai, which was attended by Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Huang Yanpei, Chen Jiageng, Zhang Xiruo, Ma Xulun, Tian Han, Xu Beihong, Li Lisan, Hong Shen, Ai Qing, Ma Yinchu, Liang Sicheng, Ma Sichong, Lv Ji, and He Luting, among others. At the symposium, Ma Shulun and other advocates of temporary use of the "March of the Volunteers" as the national anthem, Xu Beihong, Guo Moruo and many other members of the committee expressed support. Because the original lyrics have "the Chinese nation has reached the most dangerous time" and other historical words and phrases, Guo Moruo, Tian Han and other suggestions to modify the lyrics, Guo Moruo and proposed three paragraphs. However, Mr. Zhang Xiruo and Mr. Liang Sicheng thought that the song was a historical product and in order to maintain its integrity, the lyrics should be left unaltered, citing the French Marseillaise as an example. Mr. Huang Yanpei also favored not modifying the lyrics. Liu Liangmo, a representative of the religious sector who had just returned from abroad, after introducing the spread of the March of the Volunteers abroad, believed that the March of the Volunteers had been unanimously praised by the people at home and abroad, and that it had its influence in the international arena, and that it should be adopted as the national anthem. Chairman Mao Zedong and Vice-Chairman Zhou Enlai agreed with this idea of "not forgetting danger when in peace", and believed that the new China still needed to fight against internal and external enemies as well as all kinds of difficulties and hardships in order to achieve real stability and security. Vice-President Zhou Enlai said, "The original lyrics are the only way to stir up emotions. After the revision, it will not be sung with that kind of emotion." The national anthem represents the national temperament and spirit of a country. The March of the Volunteer Army was composed at a time of crisis for the Chinese nation, and it precisely expresses the courageous and indomitable fighting spirit of the Chinese nation. Chairman Mao Zedong agreed and supported that the lyrics should remain unchanged. After discussion, all issues were agreed upon, except for the national emblem, which continued to be designed by the original group. At the end of the meeting, Chairman Mao Zedong, Vice Chairman Zhou Enlai and everyone sang the March of the Volunteer Army.
On September 27, 1949, the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) adopted a resolution that before the national anthem of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was formally formulated, the "March of the Volunteer Army," with lyrics written by Tian Han and music composed by Nie Er, would be used as the substitute national anthem.
On October 1, 1949, at 3 p.m., the founding ceremony was held in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, where Chairman Mao Zedong solemnly proclaimed to the world in a loud voice: "The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China*** and of the State of China is established today." Then Chairman Mao pressed the electric button to raise the flag, accompanied by the five-star red flag rising, "March of the Volunteer Army" as the national anthem for the first time in Tiananmen Square.
On November 15, 1949, the People's Daily published the "Xinhua News Agency's Letter Box" on the national flag, national anthem and year number, explaining the adoption of the March of the Volunteers as the national anthem as follows: "The March of the Volunteers is the most popular song in the revolutionary struggle of the Chinese people for more than ten years. The March of the Volunteers has been the most popular song in the revolutionary struggle of the Chinese people for more than a decade and has acquired historical significance. The adoption of the March of the Volunteers as the present national anthem of the People's Republic of China, without modification, is intended to recall to the people the hardships and sorrows of the process of the creation of the motherland, and to inspire the people to carry forward their patriotic fervor in resisting the aggression of imperialism and to carry the revolution to the end. This serves the same purpose as the Soviet people who had long used the Internationale as their national anthem and the French people who still use the Marseillaise as their national anthem today."
The March of the Volunteers has been sung as the national anthem for 17 years. During the Ten-Year Rebellion, Tian Han was persecuted by the Gang of Four, so the lyrics he wrote could no longer be sung, and only the score of the national anthem could be played on official occasions.
After the "Gang of Four" was crushed, it was too late for a comprehensive cleanup of the mistakes of the Cultural Revolution, and some people used the excuse that the country had entered a new historical period and the lyrics of "March of the Volunteers" could not reflect the changed reality. Some people proposed to rewrite the lyrics of the national anthem on the grounds that the country had entered a new historical period and the lyrics of the March of the Volunteers could not reflect the changed reality.
On March 5, 1978, the first session of the Fifth National People's Congress adopted the new words of the March of the Volunteers.
There have been different opinions on the new lyrics of the national anthem. One opinion is that the new lyrics are majestic, highly generalized, and politically strong, with inspirational content such as "Running to ****anism tomorrow". At the same time, there are many comrades believe that the content of the new lyrics, the text of the rhyme are not enough, from the text of the lyrics are too flat, lack of passion, lack of image, just a few slogans together. From the rhyming point of view, the new lyrics level, rhyme and rhythm are not as good as the original lyrics, there is a feeling of patchwork.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the CPC led the whole country to comprehensively clean up the mistakes of the Cultural Revolution, summarize in depth the historical experience since the founding of the country, and restore and formulate a series of correct guidelines and policies according to the new situation, and the country entered into a new period of time, the systematic revision of the 1978 Constitution was put on the agenda. put on the agenda. During this period, the Party and State corrected a large number of wrongful convictions caused by the Cultural Revolution. Tian Han, the original author of the national anthem, was rehabilitated.
From 1980 to 1982, the Constitution Revision Committee received a large number of opinions from various quarters, which considered that the "March of the Volunteers" reflected the revolutionary traditions of the Chinese people, embodied the idea of being vigilant in times of peace, and inspired the spirit of patriotism of the Chinese people, which had penetrated into the hearts of the people for many years; and suggested that the lyrics of the national anthem, which had been adopted in 1978, be abolished, and that the "March of the Volunteers," which had been decided at the first session of the CPPCC in 1949, be restored. March of the Volunteer Army, which was decided at the first session of the CPPCC National Committee in 1949. At the same time, it was suggested that a resolution be made to finalize the national anthem, as was done at the first session of the CPPCC. The Committee for Revision of the Constitution unanimously agreed to restore the March of the Volunteers, which was decided at the first session of the CPPCC in 1949, as the national anthem.
On December 4, 1982, the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress adopted a resolution on the national anthem of the People's Republic of China (PRC), revoking the new lyrics adopted by the National People's Congress on March 5, 1978, and restoring the "March of the Volunteer Army," with lyrics written by Tian Han and music composed by Nie Er, to be the national anthem of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
In April and August 2003, the Central Committee of the C*** twice sent notices to party committees of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, as well as ministries and commissions of the central government and state organs, and the party groups of people's organizations, soliciting opinions on amending parts of the Constitution. Comrades from Anhui, Shandong, Hainan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi and other provinces and cities, as well as from the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army, suggested that the national anthem is a symbol of the state and suggested that it be clearly stipulated in the Constitution. The CPC Central Committee adopted the proposal to write the national anthem into the Constitution, and in the "Proposals of the Central Committee of the People's Republic of China on Amending Parts of the Constitution" adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee of the CPC, held in October 2003, the national anthem of the People's Republic of China and the State of China is the "March of the Volunteer Army," was written into the Constitution and submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for discussion as a proposal for amendment.
On March 14, 2004, the second session of the Tenth National People's Congress adopted amendments to the Constitution, stipulating that "the national anthem of the People's Republic of China is the March of the Volunteers.