1. There are moving coils, capacitors, electrets and recently emerging silicon microphones, as well as liquid microphones and laser microphones.
2. The working principle is that human voice vibrates the diaphragm through air, and then the electromagnetic coil wound on the diaphragm and the magnet around the moving wheat head form a magnetic field for cutting, forming a weak fluctuating current. The current is sent to the speaker, and then the fluctuating current becomes sound in the opposite process.
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Features of vertical microphone:
1. Most microphones are electret condenser microphones (ECM). This technology has a history of several decades. The working principle of ECM is to use polymer materials with permanent charge isolation to vibrate the membrane. Compared with the polymer diaphragm of ECM, the performance of MEMS microphone is very stable at different temperatures and will not be affected by temperature, vibration, humidity and time.
2. Because of its strong heat resistance, MEMS microphone can withstand high temperature reflow soldering at 260℃ without changing its performance. Because the sensitivity changes little before and after assembly, it can even save the cost of audio debugging in the manufacturing process. At present, integrated circuit technology is more and more widely used in the manufacture of sensors and sensor interface integrated circuits. This micro-manufacturing process has the advantages of accuracy, flexible design, miniaturization, integration with signal processing circuit, low cost and mass production.
3. Make the capacitance scheme of the miniature microphone. The advantage of this method is that all materials used in the manufacturing process of integrated circuits can be used to manufacture sensors. However, it is quite difficult to make a microphone with single chip technology, because there is only a small gap in the air medium between the two capacitor plates. In addition, it is difficult to meet the bias voltage in some applications due to the size limitation. Based on the above problems, the research on condenser microphone has been uninterrupted.