What are the traditional festivals of ethnic minorities?

The traditional festivals of the ethnic minorities include Naadam of the Mongols, Water Festival of the Dai, Knife and Pole Festival of the Lisu, Torch Festival of the Yi, March Street of the Bai, Zalet of the Hani, Ghee Lantern Festival of the Tibetans, Meibu Zongsong of the Jingpo, Moon Festival of the Lahu, and Flower Mountain Festival of the Miao, etc.

1, Naadam of the Mongols

Mongolia means "games" or "entertainment".

1, the Mongolian Naadam

Mongolian language means "game" or "entertainment". Originally refers to the Mongolian traditional "men's three sports" - wrestling, horse racing and archery. With the development of the times, gradually evolved into today's including a variety of cultural and entertainment content of the grand celebration and material exchange activities. Historically, Naadam was not limited by time, and was usually held on occasions such as sacrifices to the mountains and waters, military expeditions, triumphs, emperor enthronement, the first month of the year, and large-scale festivals.

Today's Naadam, held in the summer and fall of each year, the scale is generally depends on the year's pastoral production, small harvest small open, large harvest large open. Activities in addition to the traditional "men's three athletics", there are cultural performances, track and field competitions and various types of economic and cultural exhibitions, as well as ordering negotiations, material exchanges.

The five-day Naadam, which begins on the fourth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar every year, is an event for the Mongolian people. The content of Naadam Assembly mainly includes wrestling, horse racing, archery, horse lassoing, playing Mongolian chess and other traditional ethnic programs, and in some places there are track and field, tug-of-war, basketball and other sports programs.

On May 20, 2006, Nadam was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

2, the Dai Water Festival

The Water Festival, also known as the "Bathing Buddha Festival", also known as "Lenghe Shanghan", is a traditional festival of the Dai, Achang, Brown, Wa, De'ang, as well as Thai-speaking peoples and Southeast Asia.

On that day, people in Xishuangbanna, China, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia, as well as overseas Thai settlements such as Kowloon City in Hong Kong and Zhonghe District in New Taipei City, Taiwan, rose up early in the morning to bathe in the Buddha's presence, and then began celebrating for several days. During this time, people splash each other with pure water to pray for the washing away of the past year's misfortunes. The Water Splashing Festival is the New Year of the Dai people, which corresponds to the middle of April in the Gregorian calendar and usually lasts for three to seven days.

The Water Splashing Festival is a comprehensive stage to show the traditional cultures of Dai water culture, music and dance culture, food culture, dress culture and folk veneration, etc. It is an important window to study the history of Dai people, and has high academic value. The artistic performances such as Zhangha and White Elephant Dance displayed at the Water Splashing Festival help to understand the national characteristics of the Dai people, such as their sense of nature, love of water and respect for the Buddha, and their gentleness and serenity.

At the same time, the Water Splashing Festival is also an important link to strengthen the unity of the people of all ethnic groups in Xishuangbanna, which plays a positive role in promoting the development of social, economic and cultural development of Xishuangbanna and Southeast Asian countries through friendly cooperation and exchanges.

On May 20, 2006, the folklore was approved by the State Council to be included in China's first national intangible cultural heritage list.

3, Tibetan Ghee Lantern Festival

Ghee Lantern Festival, the Tibetan language, called "Meiduo Chuojie", during which the monastery will also be organized by the jumping god and other singing and dancing activities. Dancers wearing embroidered robes, face masks, in the Tibetan horn, suona, cowhide drums and gongs and drums to the accompaniment, dancing and singing, in order to celebrate.

Annual Tibetan New Year's Day 15, in order to celebrate Shakyamuni's victory in the debate with the other sects, in the Tibetan region, major monasteries are to be held in the oil sculpture art exhibitions, that is, the colorful ghee pinched into the gods and goddesses, characters, flowers, trees, birds and animals of the image and lighting ghee lamps for the blessing. Tibetans call "Gandan Angqu", for the traditional religious festivals.

4. Lahu Moon Festival

The Moon Festival is a Lahu agricultural festival, also known as the "Haba Festival". It is held on the fifteenth day of the eighth month of the Lahu lunar calendar, which is the original purpose of sacrificing the moon and celebrating the harvest.

The festival is held at night when the moon rises, and each family chooses the best melons and fruits as offerings, arranges them on a gabion table, and carries them to the place where the mountain god is sacrificed (behind the walled village) to offer the moon, which is the season of cultivation for the people. Under the moonlight, the whole village men, women and children gather around the gabion table to dance the Lusheng dance and celebrate the festival.

In the belief of Hinayana Buddhism place, sacrificing the moon to join the fine Buddhist content, the location changed to the Walled City Zang room. By the Buddha in the Zang room hung a painted moon pattern of white cloth, in the white cloth below the table, incense burner, wax table and other Buddhist paraphernalia. Before dark, people with fresh cucumbers, bananas, pineapples and other offerings for the Buddha, incense burning candles, burning paper money, the Buddha recited prayers.

After the fine Buddha, they go to the activities inside the walled village. The old people gather to drink and roast tea; the young people gather at the singing ground to dance the lusheng and sing traditional songs, and those who can sing the historical origins of their people are awarded the title of singers.

5, Hmong Huashan Festival

Huashan Festival, also known as "jumping field", "jumping flower", "play Huashan", or "step on Huashan", is a traditional festival of the Hmong people of northeastern Yunnan, southern Yunnan, south of Sichuan, originating from young men and women's courtship activities, held in early May each year.

Sichuan's Xingwen County area, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan provinces adjacent to the Miao compatriots concentrated, people across the provinces to participate in the number of people often up to tens of thousands of people, the scale of the grand, ten thousand people celebrated. Pingbian Miao Autonomous County held a flower mountain festival is also very large, Wenshan, Maguan, Hekou, Mengzi and other places of the Miao compatriots have rushed to participate.

Expanded Information

The Snowdon Festival is a traditional Tibetan festival that originated in the middle of the 11th century AD. It is held every year on the first day of the seventh month of the Tibetan calendar and lasts for four or five days. The Tibetan translation of Xuedong means "yogurt feast", so Xuedong Festival was interpreted as a festival of drinking yogurt. Later gradually evolved to perform Tibetan opera, also known as "Tibetan opera festival".

Then, Lhasa residents dressed in brightly colored holiday costumes, old and young, drink and talk, singing and dancing, watching Tibetan opera, enjoy the joy of the festival. In the afternoon, families began to string curtains as guests. The host to the guest line to toast three dry a cup of "pine quasi-nephewa", singing a variety of different tunes to persuade the song. After the song, the guests drink the wine in three gulps. The sound of toasts, blessings and laughter lasted for a long time. When the evening sun dyed the sky, people only step in the twilight left Lop Noringka.

According to Buddhist rules, monastic bhikkhus are forbidden to go out for a period of time. In summer, when the period expires at the end of the sixth month of the Tibetan calendar, the bhikkhus come out of the monastery and go down the mountain, and the secular people give alms in the form of yogurt seeds. At that time purely religious activities.

In the mid-17th century, the Qing Dynasty formally enthroned the Fifth Dalai Lama and the Fourth Panchen, famous Tibetan opera groups from all over Tibet focused on Lhasa for the Xuedong Festival, Xuedong Festival activities have evolved into a Tibetan opera performances as the main religious and recreational activities combined with the major festivals, so it is also known as the "Tibetan Opera Festival", because of its confined to the scope in the temple Inside and outside the temple, and to drepung monastery as the center, it is called "drepung snowton festival".

Early in the 18th century, the center of activity of the festival was transferred from Drepung Monastery to Lopblingka, and the public was allowed to enter the park to watch Tibetan opera. After the democratic reform of Tibet, Snowdon Festival has become the people's own festival. During the festival, there are activities such as Drepung sunshine Buddha, Tibetan opera performance, and strolling in Lop Lamka.

Every year on June 30 of the Tibetan calendar, Drepung Monastery on the western outskirts of Lhasa City, held a grand "show Buddha" activities, so that more believers have the opportunity to worship the Buddha, the local government does not interfere in such Buddhist activities. During the festival, Lop Lamka, a sea of people, forests and trees are full of tents, mats, Tibetan people gathered here to drink barley wine, ghee tea, eating yogurt, and watch Tibetan opera and enjoy a variety of cultural and artistic programs.

In 1993, the Lhasa Municipal People's Government decided, from 1993 onwards, once a year to organize Lhasa Snow Festival, and at the same time organized the Lhasa Snow Festival materials fair. 1993 August 16, the first "snow fair" opening. Now the Snow Festival has developed into a blend of cultural performances, economic and trade negotiations, investment, material exchanges, product exhibitions and sales, sports, tourism and leisure as one of the comprehensive festival event.

In 2004, the Lhasa Municipal People's Government decided, in order to solve the traditional Snow Festival to the Tibetan calendar, the annual calendar date is not consistent, to domestic and foreign tourists causing inconvenience, from 2004 onwards, in addition to the Drepung Monastery Buddha activities are still in accordance with the traditional Tibetan calendar on June 30th, the city government sponsored by the Snow Festival is fixed to the opening of the annual calendar August 18th.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia - Festivals of Ethnic Minorities in China