sexual imbalance
brief introduction
The imbalance between men and women is a serious population problem in China after entering 2 1 century. There are mainly: the distribution of male-female ratio is seriously unbalanced, the age gap between male and female spouses is increasing, there is no high base and high proportion of spouse-choosing population, the birth population is shrinking due to the imbalance of male-female ratio, and social problems such as aging bring new population problems.
According to the complete statistics in 2004, as of 2004, the global male-female ratio was 1 (female): 1.4 (male). According to this trend analysis, it is predicted that by 2050, the ratio of male to female will reach 1: 1.74, that is, to 2 10. Of course, many experts have questioned this data. Investigating the reasons, experts pointed out that there are many and complicated factors that affect the imbalance of sex ratio of newborn babies, such as birth policy, birth will, choice of artificial technical appraisal, omission and concealment of baby girls. This is mainly due to human intervention. For example, in many economically backward areas and rural areas in China, there is a serious preference for sons over daughters. Combined with the family planning policy, the rising sex ratio at birth is more obvious.
People artificially choose the sex of the baby through modern technology such as ultrasound, and selectively abort and induce labor through medical technology such as B-ultrasound, which leads to the high mortality rate and abandonment of the baby girl, resulting in a decrease in the number of baby girls. However, the latest scientific research shows that the main reason for the imbalance between men and women is probably related to environmental pollution, and environmental factors will change the number of X and Y chromosomes. It is understood that the Swedish research team investigated whether persistent environmental pollutants such as dioxin, DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls and other organochlorine chemicals affect the sex of the fetus. Their latest discovery is surprising: Swedish fishermen affected by the above pollutants have a higher proportion of male Y chromosomes in their sperm. After environmental pollution, one of the substances can make the Y chromosome, which decides to have boys and girls, "extremely brave", thus allowing more boys to be born.
related data
A large number of statistical data show that the sex ratio of babies born in all countries of the world is basically the same, which is generally within the range of 102-107, that is, the number of boys born is102-107 for every107 girl. Demographers call this index a constant value of the sex ratio at birth. Because the mortality rate of male children is slightly higher than that of female children, the ratio of male to female will be basically the same when they get married.
In recent 20 years, the cumulative effect of the rising sex ratio at birth has appeared. According to the sex ratio at birth in 1990s, the number of men and women aged 0-20 is roughly equivalent to the population of three age groups aged 20, and the "cumulative effect" has been considerable. If we can't effectively curb the abnormally high sex ratio at birth, the marriage squeeze of male surplus will become more and more serious. In Russia, Latvia and other countries, there are obviously more women than men. For example, Latvian women account for 54% of the country's residents, ranking first in the world in terms of differences.
Prediction of social problems brought by information technology
In China, a country with such a huge population base, it is difficult to find a way out by international immigration because of the shortage of female population. Marriage gender squeeze is an external influence on monogamous families. For some time, under the influence of the market economy and the "pan-commodity view" of exchange value appreciation, extramarital affairs and third parties have increased, the divorce rate has continued to rise, and the stability of traditional families has been threatened. Social criminal cases have increased. If the rise of the sex ratio at birth is not corrected, these immoral and ugly social phenomena will breed more, and the basically disappeared buying and selling marriage, child marriage exchange and trafficking in women will resurface, which will indirectly lead to serious social problems such as sexual violence, incest and distorted social mentality, and the risk coefficient of family and social instability will increase. People are the unity of producers and consumers, and the increase of the sex ratio of the birth population will lead to the increase of the sex ratio of the working-age population, which will have a certain impact on production, exchange, distribution and consumption. It will become more difficult for men to find employment, and the male labor surplus and "employment gender squeeze" will become more serious in the next two decades. Some industries in which women have an absolute advantage in production, such as textiles and services, should not be undertaken only by men. Based on the characteristics of China's aging population and the reality of relatively backward social and economic development, we can only take the road of combining social pension, family pension and elderly workers' self-care. In view of the high sex ratio at birth at present, the low sex ratio of the elderly will increase in 40 years, the number of widowed elderly women will decrease, the position of family pension in the above-mentioned "three supports and one support" will be strengthened, and the ways of family pension will increase.
The main data bulletin of the sixth national census (20 1 1) was released on April 28th. The total population registered in this census is 1339724852. Compared with the fifth census in 2000, the population of 10 increased by 73.9 million. Among the population of 3/kloc-0 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and active servicemen in Chinese mainland, the male population is 686,852,572, accounting for 51.27%; The female population is 652,872,280, accounting for 48.73%. The sex ratio of the total population (65,438+000 females and 65,438+005.20 males) is lower than that of 65,438+006.74 in the fifth national census in 2000.