Explore the local impact of tourism development on Hongcun, Anhui Province
Abstract: With the rapid development of tourism in Hongcun, Anhui Province, its tourism industry has made great progress. Tourism not only brings economic benefits to Hongcun to a certain extent, but also affects the social life, traditional culture and local environment of the ancient city. This paper attempts to analyze and discuss some problems in the development of Hongcun tourism in Anhui Province from the results of local personal experience.
Keywords: Hongcun; Tourism; Development; Culture; Environment
Hongcun is located in the northeast of yi county, Anhui Province, with a village area of 19.11 hectares. The whole village is built by mountains and water. After the village, the green hills are used as a barrier, and the terrain of Gao Shuang can block the wind from the north. There is no crisis of flash floods and the joy of looking up at the sound of mountains and springs. Eight or nine hundred years ago, the village builders had the foresight to build a village according to the water system first, so it had the same spirituality as water, which is why it is more attractive than other villages with Huizhou architecture. Hongcun in yi county, Huangshan City, Anhui Province is known as the "village in painting".
in 1999, the Ministry of construction, the administration of cultural relics and other relevant units formed an expert jury to conduct a field trip to Hongcun, and comprehensively adopted the Hongcun Protection and Development Plan. On November 3, 2, Hongcun was listed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO. In 21, it was identified as a national key cultural relics protection unit and a patriotic education base in Anhui Province. He joined the China Association of Scenic Spots on December 3, 22, and joined the World Cultural Heritage Committee of the China Association of Scenic Spots in March 23. In July 23, he was officially rated as a national 4A scenic spot, and in December 23, he was named the first batch of famous historical and cultural villages in China (one of the first batch of 12 famous historical and cultural villages in China). In 213, CNN selected "the five most beautiful water towns in China". Anhui Hongcun ranks among them.
Hongcun, as a world cultural heritage, has also welcomed friends from all over the world, especially those from the film and television art circles. In addition to classic costume action movies such as Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Su Qier, they were shot in Hongcun, and a large number of other excellent films and TV series were also shot here. There is a misty rain covering the south of the Yangtze River. There is also a TV series "Great Ancestral Temple" in Hongcun, when the whole scenic spot was very lively, and the local villagers were addicted to actors. All the scenes were shot in the cow stomach (moon marsh).
At that time, the author's main purpose in Hongcun was to sketch in the local area, so in addition to sketching, the author and his classmates also learned about various local situations, and this report appeared.
scenic spots in Hongcun, Anhui
1. Survey description
In view of the fact that the local residents are very tired of the questionnaire survey and other activities (considering the reality, so many tourists ask questions every day, which really makes people feel disgusted), this topic adopts the methods of field investigation and comprehensive interview, involving residents' material and cultural life, ideological attitude, language and folk culture, etc., mainly aimed at people's transformation of ancient villages and ancient cities.
In order to make the survey universal and authentic, and to reflect people's attitudes at different levels in all walks of life, the author made a full preliminary investigation and analysis on the determination of the scope of the survey and the selection of the respondents. In the actual survey process, the respondents were randomly selected, and the sex ratio of the respondents was controlled to be close to 1: 1. The age was mainly young and middle-aged, and the occupational scope included administrative staff, workers, farmers, service industries, teachers and students.
second, the analysis of the survey results
(1) the impact of tourism development on the local residents' economy
during the communication with local residents, the author learned that more than 75% of Hongcun villagers still take farming as their main business. In addition, at present, less than ten villagers have converted their houses into hostels (with the approval of the government, of course). Due to economic conditions, some primitive villagers (Hongcun people born and raised) can only provide one child with schooling, and their academic qualifications are basically junior high school or high school.
The local primitive villagers only earn 1, to 1,5 yuan per household a year (of course, I asked many residents, although their answers were not consistent, but the average level was higher than this). The villagers said that most of the tourism revenue belongs to the investment companies, and some of it belongs to the government, and a small part has been distributed to them. Therefore, we can see that it is difficult for villagers to directly benefit from tourism income.
among the interviewees, there is an uncle who sets up a stall in his own home. His main source of income is his own craft, such as making various teapots, cups and other bamboo handicrafts with bamboo. He told me that he can make a bamboo teapot and a dozen cups a day, which seems to have a high output, but he can earn only a few tens or even a dozen dollars a day. Because there are many residents who make a living from it, the market competition is fierce.
Although Hongcun tourism in Anhui Province has developed for many years, local residents generally believe that tourism development has little impact on its income. The author believes that the main reasons for this phenomenon are: (1) from the survey object, among the people surveyed, administrative staff, teachers and workers receive fixed wages and their income is relatively stable; (2) Because farmers have little direct contact with tourism, tourism development has no obvious influence on their economic income; (3) Due to the influence of the off-peak season, the employees in the service industry have low overall tourism income.
(2) the impact of tourism development on the lifestyle of local residents
Since Hongcun village is not particularly large, after becoming a tourist attraction, the original residents mainly engage in business operation or store rental, and some of them' lifestyles change with the off-season tourism, engaging in street catering in the peak season and engaging in other non-tourist things in the off-season. People's traditional diet structure has not changed much, and they still focus on the original local cuisines. Residents' entertainment and leisure life mainly includes watching TV, playing mahjong, playing chess, shopping, etc. Recently, some entertainment and leisure methods such as ballroom dancing, karaoke and surfing the Internet have also quietly emerged.
(3) the impact of tourism development on the ideological cognition of local residents
1. Ideal job in mind. In the survey, it is found that due to the development of tourism, some local young people regard tour guides as the first choice for their future work, especially young women in Hongcun, even if they have a stable job, they will often engage in part-time tour guides. However, more young people expressed their desire to get out of Hongcun, find a suitable job and learn more about the outside world. However, the author finds that Hongcun has not paid enough attention to tourism education, and there is no unique tourism education and participation mechanism for local primary school students to college students, which can be said to be a great defect.
2. Language. In terms of language communication with foreign tourists, about 75% of the residents can use "Mandarin communication", while few know how to communicate with foreign friends in simple English. When local residents are asked if they are willing to spend some money and time learning foreign languages, most of the answers are negative, and they say they are unwilling to waste time and money in this respect.
3. Attitude towards foreign tourists. With the development of tourism in Pingyao ancient city and the fame of movies and TV series mentioned earlier, the popularity of Hongcun has been continuously improved, and more and more tourists have come to Hongcun. In the survey, about 3% of residents choose to actively help tourists. Although this figure seems embarrassing, the actual situation is indeed true. Because they have seen too many tourists, local residents show great numbness or even disgust when they are visited.
Third, the problems and suggestions of Hongcun tourism development in Anhui Province
(1) Communication between the government and residents.
As far as the renovation of Hongcun in Anhui Province is concerned, in order to ensure the protection and utilization of Hongcun, the number of residents in the village must be controlled. However, due to the high price of building houses outside the village, people's low income and little government subsidies, they can't afford to build new houses, so the original residents in Hongcun can't move. There are also residents who complain about poor government management and unstable policies; There are still some residents who need to be properly solved because of historical problems. In the survey, people will express their dissatisfaction with the government from time to time (especially in the residential areas that are often visited). The emergence of this phenomenon is mainly due to the lack of communication channels between the government and residents and the poor communication effect.
the solution to this contradiction can be considered from the following aspects: first, the government should formulate a stable relocation policy and supporting measures to maintain the stability and continuity of the policy and adopt a step-by-step approach. Second, the interests of local residents should be fully considered in tourism planning and development, so that people can fully feel the benefits brought by relocation; Third, the government should strengthen the guidance and education of community residents, publicize the government's principles and policies by radio, television and newspapers, enhance their tourism awareness, and open a special line to communicate with local residents on the construction and development of Hongcun. Every time the government makes a major decision, it should hold a hearing to ensure that the formulation and implementation of major decisions have a broader mass base.
(2) the sense of honesty is indifferent, and the commercialization tendency is serious.
in the early stage of Hongcun tourism development, many traditional cultures began to revive due to the rise of Hongcun tourism, and the excellent historical culture was gradually recognized and admired by modern people. However, in recent years, with the further development of Hongcun tourism, the commercialization tendency in Hongcun is serious, especially the sense of honesty in tourism management is worthy of attention, and the phenomenon of cheating customers still exists in the early stage of Hongcun tourism development.
to solve this problem, firstly, the government should establish an effective supervision mechanism for the tourism market, supervise the services of small vendors, self-employed individuals and some restaurants, inns and hotels, and standardize the order of Hongcun tourism market. Secondly, the government and relevant organizations should make a true and complete arrangement of Huizhou merchants' culture by using words, pictures, models, CDs and other means, and use these information to educate merchants and enhance their awareness of honest management.
(3) Tourism infrastructure construction.
during the interview and investigation, the author found that there is still a lot of work to be done in Hongcun's tourism infrastructure corresponding to its tourism popularity and tourism development speed: first, it is necessary to strengthen the garbage and sewage treatment in Hongcun, improve the measures of garbage classification and treatment, and improve environmental sanitation (especially in residential areas and ancient city walls); Second, increase the construction of tourist toilets, and the construction of tourist toilets in Hongcun village needs careful planning, so as not to let tourist toilets drag down the development of tourism; Third, improve the tourism marking system in Hongcun, and increase the facilities of tourism instructions and explanations in key areas in Hongcun and stations and squares outside the village to facilitate tourists' sightseeing; Fourth, increase the recreational facilities for tourism (especially the service facilities for night tour in Hongcun), increase the construction of landscape lighting and recreational facilities at night, and extend the tourist stay in the ancient city.
(4) the impact of tourism development on the local environment
From the author's actual observation, the ecological environment of Hongcun is not optimistic. Although the river is relatively clear, plastic bags discarded by people can still be seen on the beach. Hongcun's most distinctive ancient water system is also facing pollution; The domestic sewage generated by hotels and restaurants has a certain impact on the water quality of the "cow intestines", the moon marsh and the South Lake.
Every day, a large number of tourists flock to Hongcun to visit or sketch, which makes the solution of domestic garbage in Hongcun a certain problem. Here, I strongly condemn some students who dump the pigment wastewater generated during sketching at will. I think they should know that these wastewater contains a lot of chemicals and heavy metals, which seriously pollutes the water body and makes the water quality deteriorate gradually.
historically, human and animal excrements in ancient villages were mainly collected by toilets and used as agricultural fertilizers after fermentation. Sewage treatment mainly adopted the method of rain and sewage mixed discharge, and then flowed into rivers after self-purification. However, with the change of villagers' lifestyle, especially the development of tourism, the number of tourists has increased greatly, which has made Hongcun a certain problem in solving the toilet. The hotel where the author lived was originally a supply and marketing cooperative, but it was later converted into a hotel, where the public toilets were really dirty in my opinion, but in the eyes of the villagers in Hongcun, it was already very clean. ;