Basic knowledge of human height
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The material basis of human height is bones. Height is mainly related to the skull, spine and long bones of lower limbs.
The development of human body is a very complicated process, which is carried out from top to bottom and from near to far.
The head develops earliest. At birth, the head length of a newborn is 1/2 of that of an adult, while the head length of a newborn is 1/4 of its own length.
In contrast, the development of lower limbs is late, and the newborn is only 1/4 of that of adults at birth. Therefore, the development of long bones of lower limbs has the greatest influence on height after birth (see Figure 1-1).
Fetus in February is born in May, 2 years old, 6 years old, 15 years old and 25 years old
Figure 1-1 Changes in the development ratio of various parts of the human body from fetal development to adult development
Generally speaking, under normal circumstances, a person is about 5 cm long at birth; One year old is the first leap in height growth, which can grow to about 75 cm; 2 years old to about 85 cm; 3~7 years old, the annual increase is 6~6? 5 centimeters.
when most people are 11-12 years old, they will grow to 13-14 cm. During this period, most people are not very different in height.
However, with the advent of adolescence, height, like all organs, has experienced another leap. Gender differences, genetic factors, nutritional status and physical exercise and other conditions make the height of the body between people have obvious differences. During this period, some people can increase their height by 6~7 cm or even 1~13 cm every year. When I was in junior high school, the height growth was very obvious. Often, within a year or two, an innocent and childlike child developed into a sturdy young man or a graceful and beautiful girl.
After the age of 17-18, the growth rate of height obviously slows down until sexual maturity, that is, when girls are 18-23 years old and boys are 22-25 years old, the height of people is basically stereotyped.
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Factors affecting the height of human body
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Besides race, age, nutrition, social environment and other factors, human height mainly depends on genetic factors.
Genetic genes determine the amount of auxin secreted by various endocrine glands of human body, thus affecting and controlling the growth of height. The more auxin is secreted, the more it can promote the growth of bones, muscles, connective tissues and internal organs, and make the height grow more.
However, if auxin is secreted too much, it will easily develop into "gigantism" or "acromegaly"; Too little secretion is easy to form "dwarfism". The so-called dwarfism refers to men and women whose height is less than 12 cm. Generally speaking, the height of men is less than 145 cm, and that of women is less than 135 cm, which is a short stature and not necessarily a physiological abnormality.
Endocrines such as thyroxine, adrenocortical hormone and sex hormone directly affect the growth and development of human body through substance metabolism and body fluid circulation.
Therefore, the slow growth and development is one of the main symptoms of endocrine system dysfunction.
There are about 5 million "genetic genes" in human nucleus, which determine people's appearance, fatness, height and so on.
people's height shows a certain genetic law: both parents are tall, and their children are tall.
when parents are tall and short, their children are tall (tall and short, most of them are tall).
both parents are short, and their children are short (short plus short, short).
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Teenagers' participation in physical exercise will help to increase their height
---------------------------The height of their children depends mainly on their parents' heredity. However, the acquired conditions, especially whether you can persist in taking part in physical exercise since childhood, can, to a certain extent, affect the genetic "variation" of height and promote you to grow taller.
There are not a few cases in which both parents are short and their children are tall. Take the author as an example. My father is 17 cm tall and my mother is 156 cm tall. Because the author loves sports since childhood, especially martial arts, qigong, basketball, volleyball, table tennis, running, long jump, mountain climbing and other sports, I have been persistent for many years, so my height can grow to 175 cm.
Many couples living in the same building with the author are not tall, and their children are tall. Their children have one thing in common, that is, they have been particularly fond of physical exercise since childhood. One of them, the husband is not tall, only 164 cm, and his wife is not tall, only 154 cm. Their son, who loved sports since childhood, has grown to a big man of 179 cm by the age of 2. It is 15 centimeters taller than his father (see Figure 1-2).
Figure 1-2 Scientific workers who often take part in physical exercise promote height increase. Through investigation and statistical analysis, it is found that teenagers of the same sex and age who often take part in physical exercise are 4~7 cm higher than those who seldom take part in physical exercise, up to 1 cm.
why do teenagers often take part in physical exercise to promote their height growth?
It has been proved by research that regular physical exercise can make the metabolism vigorous and supply sufficient blood to bone tissue, thus greatly promoting bone growth.
In addition, both running and jumping of teenagers can stimulate the epiphyseal cartilage at both ends of the long tubular bone of lower limbs, so that chondrocytes can flourish and promote bone growth.
------------------------------------------------------------1. Full-body stretching.
Teenagers often take part in swimming, gymnastics, martial arts, aerobics, rhythmic gymnastics and various free-hand exercises.
2. Whole-body activities
Teenagers often participate in sports such as basketball, volleyball, table tennis, badminton and dance, which can make muscles in all parts of the body move and exercise, enhance metabolism in the body, make the blood supply and nutrition supply of long bone tissue sufficient, which is conducive to the synthesis of osteogenic substances, promote the healthy growth of bones and height growth.
3. Bouncing and lower limb exercises
Regular participation in rubber band jumping, rope skipping, frog jumping, vertical jumping, one-legged jumping, mountain climbing and skating can make the long bones of lower limbs grow faster due to the mechanical stimulation of moderate longitudinal pressure, which is beneficial to height growth.
In addition, sports such as weightlifting, dumbbells, stone locks, tensioners and wrestling are mostly weight-bearing and oppressive actions. If readers and friends like these sports, they can participate in these sports moderately. Pay attention not to exercise too much during exercise, and use moderate and intermittent fitness exercise, which is also of great benefit to the increase.
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Good living habits are beneficial to height
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Teenagers should develop good living habits in addition to regular physical exercise:
1.
2. Pay attention to diet nutrition
In life, pay attention to a balanced diet, not picky eaters, not partial eclipse, and diversify foods. Eat more whole grains and meat, eggs, fish, milk and other foods that are conducive to increase. (For details, see Chapter 3, Food Increase)
3. Feel comfortable and cheerful
In life, don't worry about some trivial things, let alone be ecstatic about some trivial things. You should always maintain a good mental state and maintain physical and mental health.
4. The posture of sitting, standing, walking and lying in peacetime should be correct and proper.
Young friends should always stand and sit. Don't develop bad habits such as walking with your head down, reading and writing on your desk.
5. Get enough sleep
Only by sleeping well and sleeping scientifically and regularly can the body organs get enough rest, which is conducive to the recovery of body functions and the height of the body. (For details, see Chapter 2, Increasing Sleep)
6. Get more sunshine
As the saying goes, "Everything grows on the sun." The healthy growth of teenagers is inseparable from sunshine bathing. Usually, you should take part in outdoor activities as much as possible and get more sunshine, which is not only beneficial to your health, but also beneficial to your height.
7. don't smoke and drink
alcohol and tobacco are harmful to human growth and development. There are hundreds of harmful substances in cigarettes. In particular, the content of nicotine in cigarettes is high, and nicotine is one of the carcinogens. The main component of wine is alcohol, which easily destroys bone cells, reduces the proliferation of bone cells and slows down the growth of bones.
Of course, drinking a small amount of alcohol is good for the health of adults, but for developing teenagers, even drinking a small amount of alcohol will affect the normal growth of bones. Therefore, if young friends want to increase, it is best to stay away from alcohol and tobacco.
If young friends feel that their height is not ideal, they might as well practice according to the self-acupressure, teenagers' work and fitness exercises introduced in the book. These traditional methods of physical exercise and medical treatment in China are sure to bring you a surprise: to achieve the ideal height-increasing effect.
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The influence of sleep on human health
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One third of people's life is spent in sleep, and the quality of sleep, that is, how one third of people live, directly affects others.
Readers, you must have this experience: if you slept better and soundly last night, you will wake up this morning feeling relaxed, clear-headed, and efficient in your study or work. You can also listen to the teacher's lectures, remember them well, and be in a good mood.
If you didn't sleep well last night, you will wake up this morning feeling lazy, dizzy, unwilling to do anything, inefficient in study or work, distracted in class, unable to listen to the teacher, depressed and so on.
When people are ill, doctors often tell patients to stay in bed. In fact, the most common bed rest is also a very effective treatment. Good and adequate sleep is often an important guarantee for people to relieve fatigue, restore physical strength, energy and improve health.
scholars at home and abroad have found that good and sufficient sleep has the following effects on human health:
(1) In a good sleep state, a series of physiological and biochemical changes will occur in the human body, which will help to restore physical strength, enhance immunity, and help to overcome diseases and physical rehabilitation.
(2) Good sleep can coordinate the cerebral cortex and enhance the function of muscle fibers. The most active cerebral cortex and skeletal muscle fiber cells, after a day of intense study or work, have a large increase in metabolites, and people will feel drowsy and ache all over their joints and muscles. At this time, it is necessary to relax and relieve through sleep, and excrete its metabolites during sleep.
(3) Good sleep can improve immunity and enhance the phagocytosis of white blood cells. This provides a powerful defense force for the body to resist the invasion of various diseases. Some people still have a swelling on their bodies before going to bed last night, and wake up the next morning with swelling and anti-inflammatory powder, which is the reason.
(4) Good sleep can change the blood flow of brain and liver. According to the research, the blood flow of brain and liver is 7 times that of standing position when the human body is lying down. The increase of blood flow in brain and liver is an effective guarantee for nourishing brain and liver cells.
Therefore, teenagers in growth and development are prone to brain fatigue due to the stress of study and work, and special attention should be paid to bed rest to ensure a good and adequate sleep.
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The influence of sleep on the height of human body
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There is a popular proverb in China: "Children who can sleep grow up." Thousands of years' experience tells us that a good sleep contributes to the height of the human body.
Modern scientific research has fully confirmed the scientific nature of this proverb. Let's talk about the influence of sleep on the height of human body in five questions:
(1) The secretion of growth hormone increases obviously during sleep. After years of research, Japanese medical experts found that people secrete a lot of growth hormone during sleep. The secretion at peak time is 5~7 times more than that at daytime.
The study also found that the secretion of growth hormone reached its peak about 7 minutes after falling asleep (less secretion during nap).
If you lie in bed at night and stay awake, you won't secrete growth hormone. Only after falling asleep, growth hormone will be secreted slowly and gradually increased until it reaches its peak about 7 minutes after falling asleep. If you sleep well for a few hours after 7 minutes, growth hormone will continue to maintain a high secretion. In this way, it is particularly beneficial to increase.
when you wake up, the secretion of growth hormone will be less and less until it stops.
It can be seen that only by improving the quality of sleep can we help our body grow taller.
a person can't sleep steadily. He wakes up just after sleeping for a while, and wakes up again after sleeping for a while. So wake up several times a night, the secretion of growth hormone will not be too much, nor will it last, and the impact will definitely increase.
In short, it is very important for young friends to ensure the quality of sleep if they want to increase their height. Only by sleeping soundly and well can they create a favorable internal environment for their height.
(2) Sleep at night is better than sleep during the day. After years of research, Japanese medical experts have found that sleeping at night is more conducive to the secretion of growth hormone than sleeping during the day. They also formed a group of high school students and college students who went to school during the day as the "daytime group" and another group of high school students and college students who went to school at night as the "evening group" for comparative study. The results showed that the average height of the "daytime group" was significantly higher than that of the "night group". This is because students in the "evening group" attend classes at night and go to bed late, which affects the time and quality of sleep at night. The normal sleep rhythm is disturbed, the secretion of normal growth hormone is also disturbed, and its normal growth and development are also affected to some extent, thus affecting the increase.
Therefore, if young readers want to increase their height, they must not stay up too late at ordinary times, especially for a long time, so as not to affect their height.
(3) Sleeping for 8 hours is better than sleeping for less than 8 hours. A survey was conducted in Japan, in which students and young people were divided into three groups for observation. Those who often sleep for 8 hours are the first group, those who sleep less than 8 hours are the second group, and those who sleep less than 6 hours are the third group. The results showed that the average height of the first group who often slept for 8 hours was higher than that of the other two groups. From this, it can be seen that teenagers must ensure adequate sleep, especially 8 hours of sleep every day, and the quality is good.
(4) Take part in sports or labor during the day, and the secretion of growth hormone is more when you fall asleep at night. Studies have found that if you participate in large-scale sports or heavy physical labor during the day,