What are the traditional festivals and customs of the Tu people Traditional festivals and customs of the Tu people
1. Spring Festival is one of the most lively and grand festivals of the Tu people. Preparations begin more than ten days before the festival, cleaning houses and sewing new clothes. The festival is a great opportunity for the people of Qinghai Province to carry firewood, wine and food in the early hours of the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar, and to go hiking in the countryside in large groups.
3, send the stove God is a traditional festival of Qinghai Province, the Turkish people held on the 24th day of the lunar month every year. At that time, people will smear the yellow mud on the kitchen wall, and some white dots on it is the god of the stove.
4, jumping god will be mutual aid in Qinghai Province Autonomous County of East Ying Yao Ma Zhuang area of the traditional festival of the Tu people, held every year on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar.
5, Yuning Temple, also known as the June meeting, Mutual Assistance Autonomous County, Qinghai Province, the traditional religious festivals of the Turkish people, the second to the ninth day of the sixth lunar month every year, held in the Yuning Temple.
6, Yuan Night Festival, also known as the Festival of the first yuan, the Festival of Lights, near Xining City and Ledu County, a traditional festival of the Tu people, held on the 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar every year. The festival is held on the 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar every year. On that day, there are activities such as "jumping fire teeth", collecting pestilence, and observing lamps and so on.
7, Lantern Festival is the Qinghai Province, Minhe around the Turkish festival, held every year on the 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar.
8, Winter Solstice Festival
Qinghai Province, Mutual Assistance Tu Autonomous County of the Tu people, the winter solstice every year in the morning, each family to eat a meal of oil cakes and "flag".
9, the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar every year, the Turkish family men, women and children with a long time ago to prepare the white bread, long noodles, cold noodles and so on to play in the grassy beaches or woods to eat and drink.
10, Ancestor Festival is the ihai province, Le Du, people and a traditional festival of the Tu people, held from the end of March to the beginning of April in the lunar calendar every year. At that time, each family carries steamed buns, wine, milk tea, pork, fruits, dishes, etc. to the grave to sacrifice ancestors.
Turkish customs Hundreds of miles of different winds, thousands of miles of different customs, "each place has different customs. Today, I'm going to tell you about the customs of the Tujia people at the festival. Tujia is one of the minorities, mainly located in Guizhou. However, I am honored to be a member of this family. The Tujia are following the Han Chinese to celebrate the Spring Festival, but the customs of the New Year are very different. For example: ⒈ New Year's Day to play patties, patties played well, can be in the New Year as a family meal, while the Han Chinese is a big fish and meat (this is the gap between the rich and the poor ah!) Peculiarities of the New Year's Eve Ran big fire. Every year for the festival, every family will eat a reunion dinner under the premise of Ran big fire. Because the wash water is a treasure, if you pour it out, your children and grandchildren will be very unfortunate in the year, while the Han Chinese have to clean thoroughly on the first day of the New Year; sung before the new year, you must pay off the debts owed. As the saying goes, "New year, new atmosphere" (this is similar to the Han Chinese). There are many more customs of the Tujia people, so I will keep you in the dark here. If you want to know, come to Guizhou, come to this multi-ethnic place! ... ...
Tujia wedding and customs Tujia wedding and customs
The day before the wedding, the male side in the afternoon, please two can sing and dance, can talk Nashkin (that is, marrying the bride) with the wedding gifts and the bride to wear clothing, jewelry, pulling a white ewe sheep (Tujia wedding symbolizes the purity and wealth) to the woman's home to marry. At this time, the woman's family deliberately did not open the door to the Nashkin, and by the A-Gu (young women) sang pleasant flowers, so that the Nashkin to the song, but also from the top of the door to the Nashkin on the body of the water, to show good luck. It is only when the Aggies are left with no songs to sing or when the bridegroom runs out of words that the woman is willing to open the door and invite Nashkin to her home.
Then the groom to the in-laws to honor the hatha, worship God and Buddha, after the ceremony on the bed to drink tea and eat. At this time, Aunties crowded in the window singing wedding song, the atmosphere is warm and joyful, followed by Aunties rushed into the house to pull up the marriage to the courtyard or wheat field to dance Anzhao dance. The entire wedding has been carried out until late at night before the end, during which the types of songs and dances involved nearly twenty, a wedding of the Turkish people is a beautiful song and dance extravaganza.
The next day before dawn, the bride after combing and dressing, head covered with a layer of colorful and beautiful veil, on the horse to start. The bride's relatives scatter a handful of red chopsticks in the yard, and the mother throws the bride's worn clothes over the wall, indicating that the girl has been married.
There are two ways for a Turkish girl to get married, one is called small out of small into, one is called big out of big into. The so-called small out of small into the Turkish wedding, that is, the bride to the in-laws before changing the hair style. This way is more complicated and solemn. The so-called big out of the big into that in the mother's home to change the hair style, to the mother-in-law's home immediately after the worship of heaven and earth, this way is more simple, trouble-free. Small out of the small into the way of marriage, the bride to the prescribed hour, must sit on the scripture scrolls, that is, in the hall of the table, in order to set the scripture scrolls, cypress branches, Buddha lamps, milk, red chopsticks, Por Tea, grain, wool and other nine kinds of auspicious items. Nashkin in front of the door of the hall singing "Yi Sister" song, and vigorously swinging the brown shirt lapels, the bride carried by her brothers with white or red felt along the courtyard of the circular groove three times, after going out on the horse. Big out of the big way to get married, Nashkin can not sing "I sister" song, dressed bride, accompanied by her mother or sister around the round tank three times, after going out on the horse. The bride is accompanied to her in-laws' home by her sister as a bridesmaid and her youngest sister as a companion. Bridesmaids go back with the wedding party that day, the companion girl to wait until the third day after the wedding when the bride and groom back to the door to bring back.
The bride in the marriage of relatives, send relatives surrounded by down to the groom's door, first by the groom holding wine and hatha, welcome forward to receive the bride dismounted. Behind him, each step stands a girl, one holding a wine cup, wine pot, for the wedding guests to wine. Groom Turkish wedding bride into the door, into the gate, there are two young women in front of the red felt or white felt pulled, the bride and groom followed the felt, male left and female right, holding a cloth doll made of red cloth, side by side slowly step into the courtyard.
If it is a small out of small into, the bride to the kitchen before the God of the stove, by the matter of the selected women's hands for her to comb her hair to change the hair style, wearing wedding clothes, opening. The opening ceremony is, there is also a pre-selected women, holding a rolling pin wrapped in red thread, in front of the bride around a few times, said: the bride bride you open, the golden mouth, the words of the family do not go outside to speak, outside the words do not talk nonsense in the home, keep the stand as a bottle, so as not to provoke a right and wrong ......
Wearing, that is to hold a Worship heaven and earth. The bride and groom should worship four times in a row, into the cave.
Then thank the matchmaker, the Turkish people called Wazhi wahi buy la. People around the matchmaker, while singing thank you matchmaking song, while the matchmaker toast, and to his mouth to feed fried noodles, forehead paste ghee. Red Rinche and the matchmaker were invited to the upper room, set up a banquet. In the past, the general Tu wedding is not fried dishes, mainly wine and meat. Now there are eight plates, there are soil, Han feast and on, very sumptuous.
What are the traditional festivals of the Turkish people? The important festivals of the Turkish people are, on the 14th day of the first month of the lunar calendar, Youning Temple official scripture will be, February 2, Weiyuan Town, March 3, April 8, the temple fair, June 11, Dan Ma theater will be, June 13, 29, "Junior" will be, July 23 to September Minhe Sanchuan area, "Nadon" (celebrating the harvest). "(Harvest Celebration) and so on. Among them, the ring will be, Dan Ma opera will be and "Naton" the most national characteristics. On that occasion, in addition to traditional entertainment activities such as horse racing, wrestling, martial arts and singing of "Huaer", material exchanges are also held. In addition, the same as the Han Chinese people, but also the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and so on.
Spring Festival. The Spring Festival is the grandest festival of the Tu people. More than ten days before the festival began all kinds of preparations, villages and households show a busy scene. New Year's Eve dinner, singing family songs, to be married to the girl held a "Dai Tiantou" ceremony, each household to pick up the God ceremony, but also to worship the God of the stove and the God of the door. On the first day of the New Year, the whole family kneels down to worship God and Buddha, praying for a year of peace. Then the family pays homage to distant relatives and friends and engages in recreational activities. The New Year Festival ends on the fifteenth day of the first month.
Sutra-watching. Also known as the "scripture watching will", the Turkish language called "Blue Jar". Qinghai Mutual and other places of the Turkish folk event. Every year on the fourth day of the first month of the lunar calendar and the eighth and ninth days of June in Yuning Temple. At that time, people dressed in clean clothes, to the temple kowtow, light ghee lamps, rolling busy tea (alms tea), alms, food, turn Segura (turn the mountain), simmering mulberry and so on. Viewing large Buddha statues, watching the lama jump owe (sacred dance). In addition, the meeting also material exchange and horse racing, archery and other activities.
Sun Buddha Festival, Qinghai Mutual assistance to the Turkish festival, held every year on the 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar. On that occasion, the lamas of Yuning Temple will Shambhala Buddha statue from the eaves of the hall straight to the carpeted steps of the hall. Devotees kowtow to the statue and make offerings. Lama chanting from morning to night. Nearby people have to rush to the temple to worship.
The fifteenth day of the first month. Qinghai Mutual Tu festival, the first month of the lunar calendar every year on the fifteenth day of the festival. During the day, young men and women to the town of Weiyuan to see the social fire, at night, in front of their homes lit fifteen piles of fire, the whole family to jump from each fire over three times, that so the whole family can not be sick in a year, a long and healthy life.
The ring theater. Also known as the ring will. Qinghai Mutual aid around the traditional festival of the Turkish people. Every year on the second day of the second month of the lunar calendar in the county government in the town of Weiyuan held. Song Dynasty, the town of Weiyuan named "horse camp". Festival day, people dressed up, have come to the venue. Especially many famous flower children singers, traveled a long way to try and local singers than high and low. People choose their own partner gang, divided into a number of games, each group of seven to ten people or so, in the square open position to sing. When the game into ***, the field emerged many new singers, and then formed a new group, continue to sing. Until the twilight, people are leaving one after another, the winner of the song is known as the "flower king", the public wearing red and colorful. In addition to singing flowers, the main activities of the festival are material exchange, opera, horse racing, wrestling, martial arts performances.
Eggs will: Qinghai Mutual, Datong and other places of the traditional festival of the Turkish people. Festival time for the annual lunar March 3 or March 8, March 18, varying from place to place. At that time, sacrificial offerings are held in temples, and priests are invited to recite sutras and dance to pray for the gods, so as to avoid disasters and ensure a good harvest and prosperity for people and animals. Attendance of the masses also carry a lot of cooked eggs, one is self-eating, the second is to knock each other as a play.
Qingmiao will. Mutual County, Qinghai Longwang Mountain around the traditional festival of the Tu people. Every year from March to June of the lunar calendar, held by the sorcerer to choose the day. From the Ming Hongwu period (1368-1398), the Dragon King manifested himself, blessing the pastoral herdsmen of the Turkish legend. Festival morning people first to Guangfu Temple light burning incense, worship, please out of the Dragon God palanquin pole, the guardian of the God arrow, and then formed a ceremonial team forward, the team lined up into a single line, some drums sounding the gold, some blowing conch bullhorn, accompanied by the crowd holding a willow until the Great East Ridge rest, picnic, roaming flowers, followed by hiking and trekking, patrolling the fields and borrow the name of the God constraints on the townspeople are not allowed to graze livestock in the fields, are not allowed to cut down the trees trampled on The festival is to protect agricultural production. This festival is actually an activity to protect agricultural production.
Flowers. Tu traditional festival, festival time varies from place to place. The main flower will be: Wufeng Mountain flower will be popular in Qinghai Mutual area, the sixth day of the sixth lunar month every year in the Wufeng Mountain held. Wufeng Mountain is located in Mutual Assistance County, Xiguan, because the shape of the mountain peaks and the five fingers of the hand similar to the name. Wufeng Mountain green peaks and mountains, fog phi cloud wrapped, spring water gurgling, beautiful scenery. Every festival, the mountains and mountains, drums and gongs, people come and go, endless streams, or viewing browsing, or race song than dance, on the stage singing flowers, the stage of the collective song, and so on and so forth. The flower will also be an event for the exchange of materials between urban and rural areas.
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Customs of the African Turkish tribes Indigenous people
There is no internationally recognized definition of indigenous people. International law, as well as United Nations agencies, generally identify indigenous peoples by a number of ****similar characteristics, including: geographically distinctive traditional settlements and ancestral domains and their natural resources; maintenance of cultural and social identity; social, economic, cultural and political systems separate from the dominant or dominant societies and cultures; and the descendants of a population group residing in a particular area, usually existing prior to the establishment of a modern state or territory and the demarcation of current borders; and the existence of a population group that has been identified as indigenous. (b) Existence prior to the establishment of modern States or territories and the demarcation of current boundaries; uniqueness in their own right; being part of an indigenous cultural group and having a distinctive culture to protect
Indigenous People
Indigenous people, who neither farmed nor herded, are one of the few peoples who have never tamed the land, and who, for 50,000 years, were content to take what nature had given them.
In 1990, the 45th session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution designating 1993 as the International Year of the World's Indigenous People (also known as the International Decade of the Indigenous People). The purpose of the International Decade of the Indigenous People (IYIP) is to strengthen international cooperation for the solution of problems faced by indigenous people and to increase public awareness of their rights and cultures through a variety of activities.
The term "indigenous peoples" is not yet internationally recognized. It is generally recognized that indigenous peoples are those who have lived in a country or region for generations before the arrival of foreign races. As a result of the invasion of outsiders and cultural "assimilation", they have been reduced to a very disadvantageous situation, such as the Indians in the Americas, the Maori in Oceania and the Inuit near the Arctic Circle. According to estimates by the relevant United Nations agencies, there are more than 5,000 indigenous groups living in more than 70 countries on the five continents of the world, with 300 million indigenous inhabitants. As a result of long-standing discrimination, many indigenous people live in great poverty, and the cultures of some indigenous groups are on the verge of extinction.
On June 18, 1993, the World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna held a general assembly on the International Year of the World's Indigenous People, calling on the international community to pay attention to the existence of indigenous peoples in all countries of the world, to respect their histories, cultures, and traditions, and to guarantee their equal right to survival. On December 9 of the same year, the General Assembly of the United Nations decided to designate the 10-year period from 1995 to 2004 as the International Decade of the World's Indigenous People, and on December 21, the 48th session of the General Assembly designated August 9 of each year as the International Day of the Indigenous People (International Day of the Indigenous People). On December 21st, the 48th session of the General Assembly designated August 9th of each year as the "International Day of the Indigenous People" (IDIP), in order to further strengthen international cooperation and effectively help indigenous people of all countries to solve the problems they are facing in such areas as environmental protection, economic development, education, and health care.
Over the years, indigenous people have struggled to remain on their ancestral lands, natural resources, and traditional ways of life. 1923, representatives of the six Iroquois tribes in Canada traveled to Geneva to attend a meeting of the League of Nations
Who can introduce the customs of the Mutual Indigenous Peoples The Indigenous Peoples are an ethnic minority living on the Qinghai Plateau, and according to the customs of this
ethnic group, they are not allowed to live in the country. On the second day of the second month, the local people go to the square to sacrifice the Dragon King, all the offerings to the square used to do the dojo, simmering mulberry, incense, lighting, kowtowing and praying, and so on. Pray for the Dragon King to bless the peace of the Zhuang family, the wind and rain.
The main rituals of "bang bang will" are: erecting streamers, jumping god, inviting souls, placing streamers, divining, etc. In front of the shrine, a 10-meter-high streamer is erected. In front of the temple erected 10-meter-high streamers, buried 0.6 meters deep, meaning 33 heavenly realms and 18 layers of hell. With a yellow table and colored paper cut and pasted cloud pattern, water waves, the ten-thousand character pattern, a chain set of patterns such as long streamers and long lines, hanging in the head of the pole, hanging down on the ground. At the top of the streamers, two tines are placed horizontally, and a large steamed bun is poked at each tip of the fork. The two ends of the streamer rope are tied with "food eggs" wrapped with colorful grains, jujubes, peanuts, fruit candies, coins and other things.
After the ceremony officially started by the master leader, the rest of the masters followed, hand drums, wearing vestments, wearing a Dan crown, and drums, chanting prayers, began to jump God. Venerable jumping generally about two or three hours. Subsequently, the Grand Master will do to invoke the soul, a small vase hooked down, meaning to hook to a boy's soul to honor the gods. So every "bang bang will" season, the locals are to the boy wearing a garlic, five-color food, five-color cloth small red cloth bag, so as not to be hooked off the soul.
When the streamer is put on, people gather around to grab the "grain egg" and the pole head buns, and those who get the buns are born with the "Scholar", and those who get the "grain egg" can avoid calamities and disasters. People also tear a little bit of streamer paper, as a child with the evil.
Responsible for the activities of the Donggou Township, Dazhuang Village Temple official Dongdan see told reporters that the "bang bang will" is one of the most grand local folk traditional religious festivals, starting from the Ming Wanli eight years continued to date, there have been more than 400 years of history, because the priest jumped God holding a single fan-shaped sheepskin drum, dance side with a stick to hit the drums, its sound "bang bang bang", "bang bang bang", "bang bang bang", "bang bang bang", "bang bang bang", "bang bang bang", "bang bang bang", "bang bang bang". Its sound "bang bang" sound and named.
Introducing the local customs of the Tu people, the Tu people, the existing population of 191,624 people, mainly in the eastern part of Qinghai Province, Mutual Tu Autonomous County and the Minhe, Datong two counties, and the rest of the scattered in the Tongren, Ledu, Menyuan and other places.
The Tujia settlement area is located in the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and the whole territory is divided into mountainous areas, shallow mountainous areas, and three types of terrain in the Chuanshui area. The northern mountains are densely forested, with vast grassy pastures. The southern shallow mountains, rivers and streams intertwined, the climate is warm, covered with good gardens, producing vegetables and fruits.
The Turkish people is the self-proclaimed name of the nation. Because of the different regions, there are "Mongoliaer", "Chahan Mongolia", "Tu Kun", "Tu Tu Jia" and other kinds of Other names. The distant ancestors of the Tujia can be traced back to the "Tuguhun" in the period of the North and South Dynasties, the "Tuhun" and "Tuhun" in the period of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the "Tujia" in the Yuan Dynasty. "After the founding of New China, the Tu became the most important ethnic group in China. After the founding of New China, the Tu became their collective name.
The Turks have their own language, belonging to the Mongolian Altaic language family. Internal and divided into mutual aid, Minhe, Tongren three major dialects. Some of the Turks are fluent in Chinese and Tibetan. They have no written language, and have been using Chinese and Tibetan for a long time.
The Turks generally believe in Lamaism. In the early days, they were engaged in animal husbandry, especially sheep farming. After the Ming Dynasty, it gradually changed to mainly agriculture and animal husbandry, but to this day, every Turkish family still has the hobby and habit of raising sheep and is good at raising them.
The famous folk rap epic poems of the Tu people include "Ode to the Sheep" and "La Renbu and and Menso". The Turkish people love to sing flowers, and the traditional "Naton" is the longest "carnival" in the world.
Wine etiquette
Wine salute is a traditional ritual of the Tu people. As long as the guests are known to come to the door, the people of the Tujia tribe will be ready for the wine as early as possible, waiting in front of the village. Whether on foot, on horseback, or in a car, they will respectfully offer three cups of wine to each guest, which according to them is a dismounted wine. In their flanks, the guests were led to the front door of the house, and a group of people blocked the way, and raised a cup of wine, to drink the wine at the door, when the guests in the large red wool felt bed spread on the kang sit down, pretty and generous, smiley Tujia girls served wine to the guests in front of the name of good luck and good luck wine. Immediately afterward, three courses of rice are served. Usually, the first course is thick tea with green salt and watermelon-sized "hole pot buns" and other snacks; the second course is milk tea and oil cakes; the third course is noodles or noodles. At this time the host and guest sitting cross-legged, talking and laughing, the hostess served a wonderful noodle pot inserted with ghee flowers, full of fragrant lamb pieces, inserted a small knife, a tie with a handful of white wool wine pot, let the guests drink while using, and then sang a wonderful toast to make the guests feel incomparably warm and welcoming. Banquet is over, when the guests thank you to say goodbye, about to leave, the host will also hold wine to guests three cups, called on the horse wine. The Turks believe that the more guests drink, the more warm the atmosphere, the more the host feels the glory, is their own hospitality thoughtfulness and success of the sign. For those who do not drink, the host is also very tolerant, the guests only need to use the ring finger dipped in wine to the air popped three, that is, expressed respect for the host, the host is also satisfied.