The New Year's Day in the Field House
(Tang) Meng Haoran
Last night the bucket returned to the north, and this day the year rises to the east;
I am strong in my years, and have no pay to worry about farming.
The mulberry field is in the hands of the plowman, and the hoe is with the shepherd boy;
The field house occupies the climate, and **** says that this year is rich.
The Selling of Dementia
(Tang) Fan Chengda
New Year's Eve, when the night falls, people do not sleep, and are tired of sacrificing to the new year;
The children call out on the street, and the dementia is called to be sold.
New Year's Eve
(Tang) Lai Guan
The matter of the rest has become empty, ten thousand miles of lovesickness in one night.
After the sound of the rooster has died down, I will pine away again to see the spring breeze.
The New Year's Day
(Song) Wang Anshi
The firecrackers sound a new year, the spring breeze sends warmth into the tassel;
The day of the pupil of a thousand doors and ten thousand pupils, the new peaches are always replaced by the old ones.
The Day of the New Year Jade Tower Spring
(Song) Mao Pang
The Lotus Flower leaks out in a year's time, and the well of Tusu sinks into the frozen wine.
The cold of the morning is still cold, but the slenderness of the spring season is the first to reach the willow.
The best thing to do is to ask for a long life, and the cypress leaves and peppercorns will be there for you to enjoy.
There are fewer and fewer people who know each other in the depths of the drunken country, but only with the Eastern ruler of the old days.
New Year's Eve
(Southern Song Dynasty) WEN TIANXIANG
The universe is empty, and the years have gone by;
The last road is full of wind and rain, and the poor side is full of snow.
The life of a man is over with the years, and his body is forgotten with the world;
The dream of the Tusu is gone, and the night is still young.
Article: Lao She
According to the old rules in Beijing, the Spring Festival begins almost at the beginning of the lunar month. "It is the coldest time of the year, when the crows freeze to death. However, since spring comes soon after winter, people do not let the cold dampen their enthusiasm for celebrating the Lunar New Year and welcoming spring. On the 8th day of the 12th lunar month, people make congee at home and in temples and monasteries. This special congee is a sacrifice to the gods, but on second thought, it is a sign of pride in an agricultural society - this congee is made from all kinds of rice, all kinds of beans, and all kinds of dried fruits (almonds, walnuts, melon seeds, lychee meat, lotus seeds, peanut rice, raisins, lingonberries ...), and all kinds of dried fruits (almonds, walnuts, melon seeds, litchi meat, lotus seeds, peanuts, raisins, lingonberries...), and all kinds of dried fruits, and all kinds of dried fruits. ...) boiled down. This is not porridge, but a small agricultural fair.
On the day of Lunar New Year's Eve, you also need to soak Lunar New Year's Garlic. The garlic cloves are put into high vinegar on this day and sealed for the dumplings in the New Year. By the end of the year, the garlic bubble color like jade, and vinegar also has some spicy flavor, color and taste double beautiful, so that people want to eat a few more dumplings. In Beijing, every family eats dumplings on New Year's Day.
From the eighth day of the Lunar New Year, the store has stepped up on the New Year's goods, the street added more goods stalls - selling Spring Festival couplets, selling New Year's paintings, selling honey for the sale of daffodils and so on are only in this season will appear. These New Year's stalls make children's hearts beat a little faster. In the hutongs, there are more and more sophisticated voices than usual, including those that appear only in the month of Lunar New Year, such as those selling gendarmes, pine branches, barley, rice cakes, and so on.
When there was an emperor, the schoolchildren did not go to school on the 19th day of the lunar month, and took a New Year's vacation in January. Almost the first thing the children did to prepare for the New Year was to buy miscellaneous food. This is a variety of dried fruit (peanuts, jujube, hazelnuts, chestnuts, etc.) and candied fruits mixed with the ordinary skin, high-level no skin - for example: ordinary with the skin of the hazelnut, high-level with the hazelnut flesh. Children like to eat these bits and pieces, and even if they don't have dumplings to eat, they have to buy mixed ones. The second most important thing they buy is firecrackers, especially the boys. I'm afraid the third thing is to buy playthings - kites, firecrackers, harmonica, etc. - and New Year's paintings.
The children are busy and the adults are nervous. They have to prepare everything to eat, make and drink for the New Year. They also had to make new shoes and clothes for the children quickly, so that the New Year would be a time of renewal.
The 23rd day of the New Year, almost the New Year's "rehearsal". In the old society, the night of the family sacrifices Zao Wang, from a dark child firecrackers will sound, with the sound of firecrackers to Zao Wang's paper image incineration, the beautiful name called Zao Wang sent to heaven. In the first few days, the street has more or less how much to sell maltose and sugar, sugar shape or long square or the size of the melon shape. According to the old saying, by sticking Zao Wang's mouth with sugar, he will not report bad things in the family to the Jade Emperor when he gets to heaven. Nowadays, there are still candy sellers, but only by everyone to enjoy, and no longer sticky Zao Wang's mouth.
After the twenty-third, everyone is busier, the New Year is coming in the blink of an eye ah. Before New Year's Eve, families must put up the Spring Festival couplets, must be cleaned once, called sweeping the house. Meat, chicken, fish, vegetables, rice cakes and other things must be prepared enough, at least enough to eat a week - according to the old custom, most of the store closed for five days, to the sixth day of the first month before opening. If you don't prepare food for the next few days, it's not easy to replenish it temporarily. Also, the old society, the old mother theory, preaching in the New Year's Eve to cut out everything that should be cut out, so as not to be in the first day of the first month of the first five and then move the knife, move the knife cut is unlucky. This contains superstitious meaning, but it also shows that we really love peace of mind, in the first of a year even cut the vegetable knife are not willing to move a.
New Year's Eve is really lively. The new year's eve is very busy. Every family rushes to make new year's dishes, and there is the smell of wine and meat everywhere. Young and old men and women are dressed up in new clothes, outside the door of the good red couplets, the house posted a good colorful New Year's paintings, which family lights all night, not interrupted, the sound of artillery day and night. Those who work outside, unless absolutely necessary, must rush home to eat a reunion dinner and worship their ancestors. This night, in addition to very small children, there is no one to sleep, but to keep the New Year's Eve.
New Year's Day is very different from New Year's Eve: New Year's Eve, the streets are crowded with people; New Year's Day, the store is on the board, in front of the door piled up last night's firecrackers cardboard, the whole city is resting.
The men went out before noon, to relatives, friends to pay tribute to the New Year. The women received guests at home. Meanwhile, many temples inside and outside the city were open for people to visit, and vendors set up stalls outside the temples, selling tea, food, and various toys. The Dazhong Temple outside the northern city, the Baiyunguan Temple outside the western city, and the Fire God Temple (Factory Deen) in the southern city were the most famous. However, the first two or three days of the opening of the temple, not very lively, because people are still busy celebrating the New Year with each other, no time for this. By the fifth or sixth day of the Lunar New Year, the temple fair began to take off, and children were especially eager to go there in order to see the wild scenery outside the city, ride donkeys, and buy those New Year's special toys. Baiyun Guan outside the square there are race proud car race horse; in the elderly, it is said that there are camel races. These races do not strive for who is first and who is second, but rather to perform in front of the audience mules and horses and the rider's beautiful posture and skills.
Most of the stores opened on the sixth day of the month, and again firecrackers were set off, and from dawn to early morning, the sound of cannon was heard throughout the city. Despite the opening, people are not very busy, except for the stores selling food and other important daily necessities, and the fellows in the stores can still take turns to visit temples, stroll along the footbridge, and listen to the opera.
The Lantern Festival (from the 13th to the 17th day of the first month) is the climax of the New Year when the Lantern Festival (soup dumplings) comes to the market. New Year's Eve is lively, but there is no moonlight; the Lantern Festival, it happens to be a bright moon in the sky. New Year's Day is decent, with bright red spring couplets pasted in front of every house and people wearing new clothes, but it's not beautiful enough. The Lantern Festival, everywhere hanging lights
Colorful, the whole street like a wedding, fire and beautiful. Famous old store to hang out hundreds of lamps, some are all glass, some clear is the horn, some are yarn lamps; some of the various shapes and colors, some through the painting of all the "Dream of the Red Chamber" or "Water Margin" story. This, in those days, is also a kind of advertisement; once the lamps are hung up, anyone can enter the store to visit; in the evening the lamps are lighted with candles, and the number of viewers will be even greater. This advertisement was not vulgar. Dried fruit store in the festival of lights will also make a number of mixed business, so each unique, made of various kinds of ice lanterns, or wheat seedlings made into one or two turquoise dragons, to attract customers.
In addition to hanging lanterns, the square also put flowers. In the City God Temple and lit up the fire judge, the tongue of fire by the judge's clay statue of the mouth, ears, nose, eyes out. The sky lanterns are released in the park and fly into the sky like giant stars.
Men and women come out to walk on the moon, see the lanterns, watch the fireworks; the streets are crowded with people. In the old society, women did not go out easily, so they could get some freedom in the festival.
Children buy all kinds of firecrackers, even if they do not run to the street to play, in the home can still have sound and light play. There are also lights at home: horse lanterns - the original movie - palace lanterns, paper lanterns of all shapes and colors, and gauze lanterns, which have small bells, when the time comes to jingle. Everyone must also eat soup dumplings ah. These are indeed wonderful and happy days.
In the blink of an eye, to the end of the temple, students should go to school, adults and go to work as usual, the New Year in the first month of the 19th end. Lunar New Year and the first month, in rural society is the most free time, and pigs, cows and sheep, etc. are also growing, so we have to kill pigs and slaughter sheep, to reward the hard work of the year. After the Lantern Festival, the weather turns warm and everyone goes back to work. The city of Beijing, although it is a city, but it also followed the rural community together with the New Year, and the past is extraordinarily lively.
In the old days, New Year's Eve was inseparable from superstition. Lapa congee, Guandong sugar, dumplings on New Year's Eve, must first go to the Buddha, and then people then enjoy. On New Year's Eve, we have to receive the gods; on the second day of the New Year, we have to sacrifice to the God of Wealth, eat Yuanbao soup (wonton), and some people have to go to the God of Wealth Temple to borrow paper treasures and burn the first incense. On the eighth day of the first month, we have to give the old people Shunxing and pray for longevity. Therefore, the biggest waste of money in those days was the money for buying incense, wax, paper and horses. Nowadays, people are not superstitious, so they save this expense and use it for useful purposes. It is especially worth mentioning that children nowadays only celebrate the New Year happily, without the influence of superstition; they are only happy, without fear - fear of God and fear of ghosts. Perhaps, the New Year is not as lively as before, but how sober and healthy it is. In the past, people celebrated the New Year with the blessing of gods and ghosts, but now it is the final year of everyone's labor, and everyone should celebrate the New Year happily.
Poem: Song Wang Anshi
New Year's Day
The sound of firecrackers is the first year of the year, and the spring breeze sends warmth into the tassel.
Thousands of doors are full of pupils, and the old symbols are always replaced by new ones.
The first day of the month is the first day of the month, and the second day of the month is the first day of the month.
Sugar melons for the stove, the new year comes;
Girls want flowers, boys want guns;
Old men want new felt hats,
Old women want a new cotton jacket.
Customs of the Spring Festival:
Beijing
Since the beginning of the month of Lunar New Year, there have been literati writing Spring Festival couplets under the eaves of marketplaces in an attempt to earn some silver for the New Year. After the sacrificial stove, the new spring couplets are gradually glued and hung, and thousands of households have a new look. Some people with Zhu paper, some with red paper, only the inner court and the royal family princes and so on routinely use white paper, set with red and blue edges, not the clan shall not be unauthorized use.
Lunar New Year will be bundled up in a belly in a small utensil with a big mouth, placed in the ground five feet or so, burning fire, so that the ground is slightly warm, the plum blossoms will gradually put white, with a cage of paper, to the market to sell, small peaches, plums, Yingchun can be so. In the prosperous area, they set up a mat shed to sell the paintings, and women and children would compete to buy them for fun.
Shandong Province
Ningyang County on New Year's Day to eat wontons, known as "fill in the warehouse", Huang County, Penglai area, the New Year's Day, get up early to light the virtual consumption. By the hostess holding a red candle, all corners of the home to shine again, meaning that the light to expel the darkness, and then will be years ago to flour made of all kinds of window flowers on the windowsill. When children get up, they have to climb the door hitch to play three swings, which is said to make them grow faster. Some areas to cook dumplings with sesame straw fire, meaning that the new year like sesame blossoms, rising, after the meal in the pot to be put on the steamed bread, meaning that there is a "head of the remainder. Jiaodong's new daughter-in-law the first year to her husband's grandfather's home to pay homage, known as "Zagan". It is said that to the grandfather's home, you can put the root of Za down, there will be no divorce and early widowhood.
Zhejiang Province
Wucheng County on New Year's Day with a long pole bundle of grass on the fire burning, and drums and gongs, known as the "Celebration of Silkworms". And point lanterns on the pole, until March 3 stop. Ningbo on New Year's Day after ancestor worship to eat soybean porridge, the night before closing, and then point a "closing gun". Shaoxing New Year's Day to "tea bowl tea" to guests, which should be added to the olive and kumquat, at the same time, with tea eggs to guests, known as "hold Yuanbao".
Shanxi Province
Shanxi Province, where the rules of worshipping the sky and sacrificing to one's ancestors are less common nowadays, has retained the rule that no one should talk at the New Year's dinner on the 30th day of the month. The first meal of the Spring Festival is always dumplings. When the dumplings are cooked, firecrackers are fired. In order to drive away evil and seek good luck, some regions use sesame stalks to cook the dumplings, which means that the new year will be like the flowering of sesame seeds, and the days will be better and better. Dumplings to cook more, there must be a surplus, meaning that there is a surplus head. When dining, in addition to a bowl per person, but also one or two more bowls, meaning that we hope that the prosperity of the people.
Fujian Province
Xiamen people on New Year's Day, before going out, have to pray to the Jade Emperor in the air, known as the "sacrifice to the gods". Early in the morning with flowers and fruits, midday sacrifice to the gods with sacrificial wine, and a bowl of spring rice. Spring rice is on the white rice inserted with red paper made of spring flowers. Min Yin "spring" and "leftover" resonance, spring rice is to take its "year after year" good luck. Zhangzhou on the fourth day of the year is called "pick inibs", in addition to burning incense in the temple, but also to prepare a box of sweets and cakes, called "recommend the box", for the hall to welcome God down.
Liaoning Province
Many Liaoning people light longevity lamps on Lunar New Year's Eve and keep them on all night long. On New Year's Eve until the 15th of the first month of the Lantern Festival, every family should hang red lanterns, the night of New Year's Eve to light lanterns, and to point a night, can not turn off the lights, meaning that life extension.
Married girls can't spend New Year's Eve in their mother's house, otherwise the year will be unfavorable to their brothers. The so-called New Year's Eve "do not look at the mother's home lights," said in fact is this meaning. Of course, this custom with feudal superstition has been slowly forgotten with the progress of society and the change of time.
Guangdong Province
Hai Feng area, the younger generation to the elders to congratulate the New Year, the elders will be rewarded with red envelopes or mandarin oranges to the younger generation. The Spring Festival festivals in Chaozhou include vegetable kuey teow, rotting rounds, leavened buns, pipe fried, and five-fruit soup. On the fourth night of the first day of the Lunar New Year, every family has to light a lamp and prepare a jar of water, which is called "Waiting for God's Water". Dongguan on the first day of the first month of sacrifice to the gods, to provide sugar on the boiled taro, called the "rich and powerful".
Jiangsu Province
Jiangning County on New Year's Day, your family in front of the door of the room stickers painted rooster. Wu County, more than on New Year's Day to worship Guanyin Daishi Tongyuan Temple. Suzhou people to open the door early on new year's day to three firecrackers, called "high rise three levels". Early in the morning to go out, to follow the yellow calendar on the direction specified, called "hi God side", and to the city god, land and other temples to burn incense, must be after ten temples to stop, known as "burn ten temple incense". From New Year's Day to the New Year's Eve, whether or not to burn huge coals in the fireplace, known as the "Joy Group".
Heilongjiang Province
Eating dumplings on New Year's Day is a northern custom. On the night of the New Year's Eve, we must eat dumplings, but the people of Heilongjiang will also be wrapped in dumplings with a few coins (now commonly used peanuts or other nuts instead), who ate such dumplings will be a sign of good luck in the new year, there is good luck. In addition, Heilongjiang in the first five days of the day must eat dumplings, also known as "broken five", is the dumplings bite through, meaning that will be unlucky things are destroyed, have to drive away the meaning of evil.
Sichuan Province
Chengdu people do not eat on New Year's Day, because the "rice" and "criminal" homophonic, in order to avoid, it is to eat dumplings or noodles in order to pray for the reunion of the family, longevity. Liu Ge and other places on the seventh day of the first month "people day" but also "a small year", in addition to honoring the gods, ancestors, but also ate New Year's dinner. Chengdu people are in the western suburbs of Du Fu Cao Tang tour. Longevity County on New Year's Day, burning nine candles outside the door, known as "nine candles" to honor heaven and earth.
Shanxi Province
Fuping County, each clan draws portraits of their ancestors and gathers their children and grandchildren to worship on New Year's Day, and then contributes to a feast after the sacrifice, which is known as the "Festival of Sitting. On the second day of the month, the relatives and friends will give each other pasta and pork, known as "worship festival". Gao Ling County on New Year's Day, a wait until dawn that is hanging yellow paper on bamboo poles to sacrifice to the sky, known as "catching the sky god". And charcoal hanging in the door, it is said to be able to go to the plague. Shiquan County to yellow paper for money, New Year's Day colorful hanging in the door, called "Bao Gai money. Lintong County to the first five for the "Send Poor Festival", after the family cut paper people, get the door to throw away. Each person must be full on that day, known as "fill five poor".
Jilin Province
Because of the cold weather in the Northeast, some fruits are frozen, there is a different flavor. The most common are ice pears and frozen persimmons. It is understood that the purest is frozen autumn pear, in Jilin there is a pear called autumn pear, this pear just picked when and sour and astringent, so people will pick this pear directly under the tree, covered with a layer of leaves, after freezing the autumn pear after sweet and sour, juicy. Frozen pears should be thawed in water before eating, and eating this pear after the New Year's Eve dinner can relieve alcohol and grease.