The end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties, the Qinhuai River has always been a moving legend, which is the most circulated to the Qinhuai eight women, a generation of beautiful people, or sad or stupid, talented women martyrs, history is long, to be left to posterity to comment on.
They are no longer simply a product of feudal society, but has become a symbol of the old social culture of women, they may not be noble, but the personality of the sludge in the Lotus, the heart does not stain the dust, they are talented, but they are not born in the right time, there are love and hate, and ultimately to a sigh
While the story about them has been interpreted countless times over and over again, leaving the classic
While the story of them has been repeated countless times, leaving a classic role, there is no one or two, in the group of stars now, you and I have a suitable shadow in my mind will be the eternal love break the story of the love of sadness once again circulated.
One of the most famous girls in the country, Chen Yuan Yuan
Chen Yuan Yuan was originally a courtesan from Kunshan, lived in the Qinhuai River, because of her superior color, but also with the major historical events, so the Qing people included her in the "Qinhuai Eight Beauties", and said she was "the former Jinling advocate of the family women. "
Chen Yuanyuan's original surname was Xing, her name was Yuan, her name was Yuanyuan, and her name was Wanfang, and she changed her surname to Chen when she was young from her foster mother Chen. She was a beautiful woman, with bright flowers and beautiful snow, she could sing and dance well, and she was the champion of color and art.
The end of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng's peasant insurgents shocked the court, Chongzhen Emperor day and night restless. Relatives Jiading Zhou Kui want to give the emperor to seek a beautiful woman to relieve the emperor's worried heart, and then bequeathed Tian Fei's brother Tian Wan down to the south of the Yangtze River to find a beautiful. After finding Chen Yuanyuan, Tian Wan was intoxicated by her beauty, so he took her for himself.
Soon, Li Zicheng's troops approached the capital, and the Chongzhen Emperor called Wu Sangui to the Shanhaiguan Pass. Tian Wan on the peasant insurgent army all day long worried, they set
Feast for Wu Sangui farewell, Yuanyuan rate of song team into the hall performance. Wu Sangui see Yuan Yuan, the heart swings, happy to embrace Yuan Yuan accompanied by wine. Wine after three rounds of the alarm suddenly, Tian Wan fearfully up to Wu said: "the enemy to, what will happen?" Wu Sangui said: "can be round to see the gift, I first of all to protect the family unharmed." Tian Wan did not wait for the answer, Wu Sangui is to take the round bye-bye.
Wu Sangui was persuaded by his father, who supervised the imperial camp, to leave Yuanyuan in his capital residence to prevent his peers from inviting right and wrong for the emperor to know.
After Li Zicheng entered Beijing, Wu Sangui's father surrendered to the rebel army, and Chen Yuanyuan was plundered by Li's men. When Wu Sangui promised to surrender to Li Zicheng, Wen Yuanyuan has been occupied by Li's generals, the crown of anger, shouting "a man can not protect his own room what life for?" So he surrendered to the Qing army and went to war with the peasant army. This is Wu Meicun in the "round song" in the said: "mourning the six armies are onyx, a crown of anger for the red face".
Li Zicheng, after the defeat, will Wu's father and his family of 38 mouth all killed, and then abandoned the capital out of the country. Wu Sangui holding the killing of his father to take his wife, day and night to chase the peasants to Shanxi. At this time, Wu's generals in the capital searched for Chen Yuanyuan, fly riding transmission, since the introduction of Wu Sangui with Chen Yuanyuan from Qin into Shu, and then monopolize Yunnan.
Shunzhi, Wu's title to the King of Yunnan, want to Yuanyuan as the main consort, Yuanyuan resigned for some reason, Wu Sangui do not marry. I do not want to marry the main consort of fierce jealousy, Wu's love of Ji more framed wrongly killed, Yuan Yuan then live alone in a separate house. Yuanyuan lost favor with Wu gradually centrifugal, Wu had plotted to kill her, Yuanyuan learned, so begged to cut her hair as a nun, from now on in the Wuhuashan Huaguosi long fasting embroidered Buddha.
Later Wu Sangui declared independence in Yunnan, the Kangxi Emperor's troops in Yunnan, the winter of 1681 Kunming city broke, Wu Sangui died, Chen Yuan Yuan also sunk in the temple outside the Lotus Pond, buried in the side of the pool after death. Until the end of the Qing dynasty, the temple also hides Chen Yuanyuan small shadow two frames, the pool left a stone poem.
Two, chivalrous Li Xiangjun
Qinhuai River brothel Li Xiangjun with a silk fan around, the fan is white silk, painted with a colorful peach blossom picture, so called "peach blossom fan". This fan is not from the hand of a famous artist, but why Li Xiangjun as a treasure? It turns out that the peach blossoms on the fan, not painted with dyes, but written in Li Xiangjun's blood, which condensed her love story with her lover, Hou Fangwei, is also all her hopes for this life.
Li Xiangjun is the red girl in the Mei Xiang Lou on the banks of the Qinhuai River, the Mei Xiang Lou was built in a delicate and chic, standing by the water, standing on the upper floor of the fence and look, the smoke and water, the color of the Qinhuai River boat weaving in the eyes of the blue, the color of the Qinhuai River. Mei Xiang Lou's owner is Li Da Niang, when she was young, she was also the red prostitutes along the Qinhuai River, after growing old, she used her own savings to build this Mei Xiang Lou, and adopted a few goddaughters to treat her guests to poetry, wine, songs and dances, which made her quite famous in Nanjing City. The most to Mei Xiang Lou to support the face is Li Xiangjun. This girl grew up since childhood at the side of Li Da Niang, poetry, calligraphy, painting, singing and dancing, was taught by Li Da Niang all proficiency, temperament also learned from Li Da Niang's bold and chivalrous, really amusing. To say that Li Xiangjun's looks, don't have her characteristics, she is small and delicate body, eyebrows and eyes beautiful, small lips slightly upturned, showing a few playful, the whole of a lovely child's appearance, because she is small and fragrant, the name of the word with a fragrance, so the guests are jokingly referred to as she is a "fan of the fragrance of the pendant", but also her kind of flavor it really.
Mei Xianglou in the Qinhuai River belongs to the kind of high-level brothels, this kind of brothels in the girl is more than selling art accompanied by a smile is not for sale, Li Xiangjun is this typical. Because Li Daniang righteousness and know elegance, so Mei Xianglou customers are mostly some literati and upright loyal ministers, by the godmother's influence, Li Xiangjun small age will be quite good at recognizing the good and bad loyalty and treachery, the first time to see Hou Fangwei and fell in love at first sight, Li Xiangjun is only sixteen years old.
Hou Fangwei, a native of Shangqiu, Henan Province, had a grandfather, Hou Dipu, who was the Secretary of State in the Ming Dynasty, and a father, Hou Xun, who was the Secretary of the Ministry of Revenue, both of whom were upright and loyal officials.
One is a suave and elegant young man, and the other is a tender and affectionate girl, who is a jade lady in a green house, and after a few interactions, they both fell in love, and it was difficult to separate them.
Three, the bones of the grant Jun Liu Ruyi
Liu Ruyi is active in the Ming and Qing dynasties at the time of the famous courtesan talented girl, she is strong personality, integrity, intelligence, vigor, reputation, as Li Xiangjun, Bian Yujing and Gu Mei-sheng.
Liu Ruyu is the name is, the word is, small word confabricated, the original name is love willow, because of reading the words of Xin Qiji: "I see the green hills more charming, the material green hills to see me should be as", so the self-named Ruyu is; later also known as "Hedong Jun," " confabricated Jun". Later, she was also known as "Hedong Jun" and "Gracilaria Jun". She is a native of Jiaxing, born in the 50th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty, was smart and studious when she was young, but because of her family's poverty, she was sold to Wujiang as a servant girl from her childhood, and when she was at a good age, she fell into a chapter of the stage, changed her name to Liu Yin, and traveled between Jinling, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Jinling in the chaotic world. Due to her beauty and talent, she became a famous concubine in Qinhuai. She left a lot of memorable anecdotes and quite literate poems "grass on the lake", "wuyinzhuo" and shakujin.
Liu Ruyue was once friendly with Zhang Shui and Chen Zilong, leaders of the Southern Ming Restoration Society, and was in love with Chen, but Chen died in an unfortunate defeat in the anti-Qing uprising. Liu's choice of son-in-law requirements are very high, many celebrities to propose marriage she did not see, some only stay in the friendship stage. Finally in Chongzhen fourteen years when she was more than 20 years old, married more than half a hundred Donglin leader, the famous bureaucrat Qian Qianyi. Qian married Liu, for her in Yushan built a spectacular and gorgeous "Jiangyun building" and "red beans Hall", the Golden House. Liu had a daughter. Some "red" people believe that Cao Xueqin designed Jiangyun Xuan is from Liu's Jiangyun Building.
When the Chongzhen Emperor hanged himself, the Qing army occupied Beijing, Nanjing built Hongguang small court, Liu Ru is to support Qian Qian as the Minister of Rites of the Southern Ming Dynasty. Soon the Qing army south, when the soldiers downtown, Liu advised money with its water martyrdom, money contemplation speechless, and finally walked down to the pool to try the water, said: "the water is too cold, can not go down". Liu's "body to sink into the pool water", but to the money hard to hold. So the money will be coy face welcome down. Qian surrendered to the Qing Dynasty to Beijing, Liu stayed in Nanjing do not go. Qian did the Qing dynasty's Ministry of Rites and Hanlin scholar, due to Liu's influence, half a year later, he claimed to be ill and resigned. Later, he was implicated in a case and suffered two lawsuits. Liu Ruyi in his illness on his behalf to bribe rescue from prison, and encouraged him to contact Zheng Chenggong, Zhang Huangyan, Qu Shizhi, Wei Keng, etc., who were still resisting. Liu and do their best to fund, comfort anti-Qing volunteers, these all show her strong patriotic national spirit. Qian Qianyi's surrender to the Qing Dynasty should have been criticized by later generations, but the righteousness of Liu Ruyi diluted people's antipathy towards him.
Yu Dafu in the "Entertainment Xia Miscellany" recorded Liu Ruyi's "spring I smell room" poem. In terms of literary and artistic talent, she could be called the first of the "Eight Beauties of Qinhuai". The famous scholar chen yin ke read her poems, "also have jaw-dropping" feeling, liu ru shi's "clear words and beautiful sentences" is very admirable. Qing people think that her shakuji "more colorful than the six dynasties, deep love Ban Cai". Liu's also proficient in music and rhythm, long-sleeved dance, calligraphy and painting is also negative reputation, her painting skillful simplicity, beautiful; calligraphy is y appreciated by later generations, called it "iron wrist with silver hooks, once will be a wonderful trace of collection".
After Qian's death in 1666, the countryside clan gathered to seize his property, Liu's in order to protect the Qian family property, but also with a silk knot neckline to kill themselves. Though the villains were scared away, a generation of talented women ended their lives in this way. Liu's death was buried in Yushan Foshui Villa. In this year, his daughter is 17 years old, has married the son of Wuxi Zhao Yusen editor.
She was chosen because although there is a hint of chivalry in the eyes, but without losing the femininity
Four, chivalrous Gu Mei-sheng
Gu Mei-sheng that is, Gu Mei, is the Nanjing Shangyuan, according to the "Banqiao Miscellany," which reads, "Gu Mei word Mei-sheng, also known as the eyebrow, the number of the Hengbo, the late number of the good hold the gentleman, Zhuang Yan beautiful and elegant, the style of the superb; sideburns such as clouds, peach blossoms full of beard, the bow becomes slender, waist, and the body is very small, the waist, the body is very small, the body is very small. Her hair was like clouds on her temples, peach blossoms all over her beard, her bow was small and slender, and her waist was light and subtle. Through literature and history, good at painting orchids, chasing after the step horse Shouzhen, and the posture of the win, the people of the time pushed for the first South Qu." It can be seen that she not only has a woman's graceful and delicate posture, more literary skills.
Famous literati Yu Huai and Gu Mei friendship; after Gu and Liu Fang about as a couple, soon she reneged on the agreement to marry a long time ago to surrender to the Qing Dynasty, "Jiangzuo three" one of the Gong Dingshan as a concubine, Liu so that the martyrdom of love. Gong to get Gu Mei very favorite, called "good special", after Gu as a sub-wife, subject to the first class canon. Gong was the Minister of Rites of the Qing Dynasty, and was honored as a titan in the capital. Whenever there were guests seeking Gong's poems, calligraphy and paintings, all of them were written by Gu Mei, and Gu's reputation and talent became more and more prosperous. The Gu's had many abrasion to utilize Gong's political status, to fight against the Qing dynasty aspirants generously.
In 1657, Gong and Gu Mei revisited Jinling and stayed at the Hidden Garden on the banks of the Qinhuai River. One day she was writing a poem to the Gong said, she met in the Wende Bridge dressed in monk's clothes, Yan Ermei, Gong secretly surprised, the original net was Peixian lifelong, when the Qing troops to the south, he advised Shi Kefa in Xuzhou to lead the army north to Shandong to stop the attack; in the past few years, he has advocated everywhere to fight against the Qing Dynasty to restore the Ming Dynasty, for the Qing court to pursue. Is speaking, Yan Ermei fled into the city hidden garden in the village hall, at this time has been surrounded by the Qing army black in Gu Mei wit under the shelter of the final cover Yan out of danger. Therefore, the great scholar Yuan Mei praised: "the courtesy of the wise and loving, chivalrous and precipitous".
In the late fall of 1664, Gu Mei in Beijing Iron Lion Hutong Gong House died of illness, mourning vehicles have hundreds of multiply; even far away in the south of Yan Ermei, Liu Jingting, Yu Cup also in Luzhou, Anhui Province, for her to open the hanging and set up a sacrifice. Gong also in Beijing Changbang Temple for its construction of the Myoguang Pavilion, and for which there is a "White Willow Legend" has been circulated.
Because "sideburns such as clouds, peach blossom full beard, bow become small, waist light Asia" these lines to choose her
Fifth, long Zai embroidered Buddha Bian Yujing
Bian Yujing name Sai, also known as Sai Sai, because later came from the name of the "Yujing Taoist", used to be called Yujing. The customary name is Yujing.
She was born in the Qinhuai official family, two sisters, due to the father's early death, they fell into courtesans, Bian Sai poetry, qin, calligraphy and painting can do everything, especially good at the lowercase, but also through the literature and history. Her painting skillful, pen like clouds, "a pen to the end of more than ten paper" like painting wind branch curls, especially good at painting orchids.
When she was 18 years old, she traveled to Wumen, lived in Huqiu, and traveled between Qinhuai and Suzhou, which was a famous courtesan in Qinhuai at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. Bian Sai was generally not good at entertaining guests, but if she met a good friend, she would talk like a cloud, which made her fall in love with her. Bian Sai had a marriage with Wu Meicun, a famous poet in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
Spring of Chongzhen fourteen years, Wu Meicun in Nanjing, outside the Water West Gate of Shengchu upstairs farewell send-off brother Wu Zhiyan went to Chengdu governor, where he met the Bian Sai sisters came to see off Wu Zhiyan, see Bian Sai that noble and contains a few melancholy temperament, can not help but think of Jiangnan prevalent in two lines of the poem: "wine shop to find Bian Sai, the bottom of the flower out of the Chen Yuan! ". During the meeting, Wu and Bian Sai's literary talent to explore the test, so Wu could not help but fall in love, after the two frequent exchanges, deepening feelings.
Later Wu in the Changganli apartment to get Bian's a brief, know Bian want to marry him, the heart is very contradictory. Because Wu heard a message, the Chongzhen emperor's favorite concubine Tian's brother Tian Wan recently came to Jinling consort, has been looking at Chen Yuanyuan and Bian Sai and so on. Wu was cowed in front of the powerful uncle of the state, and only played a few songs in Bian Sai's apartment before leaving sadly.
Two years later, Bian Sai married a vassal, because it was not pleased, so the maid Zuo Rou into the service, he begged his own body hair, in Suzhou, as a female Taoist monk, attached to more than 70 years of famous doctor Zheng Baogui, Zheng built a separate palace to fund it. Bian Sai long fasting embroidery Buddha, holding class recitation precepts very strict, in order to repay the kindness of Zheng, with three years for Zheng prick tongue blood book "Dharma Flower Sutra".
At this time, Wu Meicun became an official of the Qing Dynasty, the mood of decadence. One day in the seventh year of Shunzhi, Bian Sai saw Wu's four poems "Qinhe Sense of the Old" at Qian Qian's house, and realized how much Wu missed her. Months later, the two finally met in Taicang, Bian Sai for Wu's qin, Wu feel nostalgic, wrote "listening to the female Taoist Bian Yujing play qin song" to give, the poem said Bian in this decade, pointing out the Qing army down south, Yujing "strings cold and no sound", a bleak situation. Bian after the race came to live in seclusion in Wuxi Huishan, more than ten years after the death of disease, buried in the forest of Jinlin Huishan Jiituoan.
Sixth, the talented painting overflowing Ma Xianglan
Ma Xianglan (1548-1604) can be called the female poet and female painter in the Ming Dynasty. According to Qinhuai Guangji, her name was Shouzhen, her name was Xianglan, her name was Xuan'er, and her name was Yuejiao, and she was known as "Sinniang" because she was the fourth in her family. She was a beautiful woman, good at poetry and painting, especially good at painting orchids and bamboos, so she was known as "Xianglan". Although her appearance is not outstanding, "posture head such as ordinary people", but "the spirit of the open cleansing, maundy as spring willow early warbler, spit words and look forward to, and skillfully serve the people".
Ma's high attainments in painting, when Cao Xueqin's grandfather, Cao Yin, had three times in a row for the "Ma Xianglan Painting Orchid Scroll" poem, ***72 sentences, recorded in Cao Yin's "Dongting set". Her painting skill was evaluated as "Orchid imitation of Zigu, bamboo method Zhongji, all can inherit its rhyme" in "The History of Painting Throughout the Ages". In the Forbidden City of Beijing in the calligraphy and painting fine art is also mixed with Ma's orchid album pages, hair with a unique color, her paintings have been regarded as treasures in foreign countries. In literature, Ma was also quite talented, having written two volumes of poems in the Xianglanzi Collection and a play called San Sheng Zhuan (The Biography of Three Lives). Ma was also a versatile artist who was good at music, song and dance, and could write and direct her own plays. The troupe she taught in the workshop was able to perform "The Story of the Western Chamber", and those who learned the technique from her were taught the real thing.
Ma's grew up in Nanjing, since childhood, unfortunately fell into the dust, but she is open-minded, the nature of the hope of chivalry, often waving money to help young people. Her residence for the Qinhuai victory, the name of the many visitors, and the south of the talented Wang Zhideng friendship, her letters to Wang Zhideng collection in the "generations of famous women in the book". In Wang Zhideng 70 birthday, Ma's capital to buy a boat carrying dozens of courtesans, went to Suzhou to celebrate the birthday of the wine, "banquets and drinks for months, singing and dancing up to the day", after the return of a sick, and finally forced to take a bath in order to ritual sitting and passed away at the age of 57 years old. Ma's death was buried in his mansion, the present egret Zhou Zhou Park, near the Bifeng Temple.
Kou Baimen (寇白門)
Kou Baimen (寇白門), known as Mae (湄), was one of the "Eight Beauties of Qinhuai" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
Banqiao Miscellany said: "White Gate, quiet and beautiful; down and out of the wind, can be a song, good painting orchids, know the rhyme, can recite poetry, but slippery and easy can not be learned" It is because of the White Gate is simple and not smooth, and decided to her tragedy in the marriage.
The late spring of Chongzhen 15 years, the prestige of the Minister of State Guobo Zhu Guobi, in the escort of the servant down to the banknote banknote Street Kou family, after several interactions, the white door left a good impression of him, polite, gentle and cordial, so in Zhu's proposal to marry will be a mouthful of consent. The autumn night of that year, 17-year-old Kou Baimen heavy makeup on the sedan chair. Ming Dynasty Jinling's Le nationality of women, off the register from Liang or marriage must be carried out at night, which was the custom of the time. Zhu Guobi in order to show *** wind and grand, sent 5,000 soldiers holding red lights from the Wuding Bridge, along the way, standing to the Inner Bridge Zhu House, an unprecedented spectacle, becoming the largest one in the Ming Dynasty Nanjing to welcome the bride scene.
Ju Guobil is actually a smooth and cunning bureaucrats, he married Kou Baimen is a momentary need, a few months later his ingenious and unfeeling will be gradually exposed, so Kou will be thrown aside, and still walking in the Zhangtai Willow Lane between the horses.
In 1645, the Qing army came south. Zhu Guobi surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and soon all the room into the capital, and by the Qing court ****. Zhu wanted to sell even Kou Baimen, including the singer-songwriter maidservant together, Baimen to Zhu Yun: "If the sale of concubines gained no more than a few hundred gold ...... if you make concubines return south, between January when the ten thousand gold to repay the public." Zhu thought about it and then agreed, Kou Baimen short clothes and horses with maidservant Douer returned to Jinling. Kou's sisters in the old house with the help of 20,000 silver will be ransomed Zhu Guobi.
Then Zhu wanted to reunite the good dream, but was Kou's refusal, she said: "when you use silver to redeem me from the nationality, now I also use silver to redeem you back" when the end can be.
Kou's return to the Jinling one, known as the Warrior Woman, she "built a garden pavilion, the knot of guests, the day and the literati to go back and forth, the wine is hot, or song or cry, but also sighed at the beauty of the late curtains, contempt for the red beans of the floating zero". After a filial piety from yangzhou, not satisfied with the return to jinling, and finally strayed from leji died of illness. At that time the literary altar priest of the donglin leader Qian Qianyi made "kou baimen" poem memorial said: "kou sisters always beautiful, eighteen years in the flower letter fan, today qinhuai fear of the same value, to prevent him from red tears a stained clothes. The red powder of the clumps of residual remembrance of the gentleman's grace, the heroine who knows the Kou Baimen? The heart of the coffin is not yet dead, a wisp of incense pill is the soul of Fangfei."
Eight, the Yan Yan dust Dong Xiaowan
Dong Xiaowan, the name of white, a word Qinglian, alias Qinglian female history, her name and word are due to the admiration of Li Bai and up. She was born in Suzhou to a family of embroidery merchants, and when she was thirteen years old, her father died of a sudden illness. Another two years, has reached the end of the Ming Dynasty, the world ****, chaos approaching Suzhou, his mother, Bai's intention to pack up the household goods to escape, but found that there is no silver to go with, angry and anxious, fell ill in bed, the heavy burden of life fell on the fifteen year old Dong Bai, this feeling, as has been developed into a lonely and proud character of her, and refused to bow down to borrow from others. In a hurry, she sold her art in a boat on the banks of the Qinhuai River in Nanjing and changed her name to Xiaowan to make ends meet and to support her mother's medical expenses.
During the course of her career, she became famous along the Qinhuai River because of her arrogant and talented character. She was once angry and left Nanjing, and eventually returned to her old profession in a brothel in Half Pond, but always for the sake of selling her skills. Later, she became acquainted with Mr. Bao Paijiang, one of the "Four Gentlemen", who had once failed in the countryside examination. After the two of them had known each other for a period of time, Dong Xiaowan admired her character and conversation, and then she became acquainted with him, and because Mr. Bao Paijiang had already had his own wife, she was only a concubine. However, Dong Xiaowan was not saddened by the deviation of her status, but served her elders more thoughtfully than the maids. While she was known for her knowledge of books, chess and painting, she also took good care of her husband. She was also a good cook, and her name was listed among the "Ten Famous Chefs of All Times". Nowadays, Yangzhou's famous dishes: dunked Dong sugar, rolled pastry Dong sugar, that is, she made.
But, 'since the ancient red face more thin life' after a few years of peace and happiness, the war again, Li Zicheng captured Beijing, the Qing troops to the south, all over the war beacons, the family fled, the family property is also as far as possible to lose. After the war, the whole body has lived a very difficult life. As the saying goes, woe is not alone, at this time, but Bold Biaojian fell ill. Xiaowan is always away from the body, no matter how to take care of the sick husband, in the bubble Paijiang disease over, but Xiaowan has been as sick as a bone, as if also had a serious illness. It is in this kind of starvation and poverty, food is not enough to eat under the living environment, so that Xiaowan physique has been extremely weak, and therefore in the first month of the eighth year of Shunzhi, in the family did nine years of virtuous concubine of Dong Xiaowan finally closed the eyes of the tired, in the family of a piece of the cry, she walked so peacefully.
Looking for the adoption
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