a, the most of the National Huichang
Huangstrong according to the relevant information in the nation's existing more than 80 Huichang class of ancient architectural complexes. Sheqi Shanxi-HuiHuan with its architectural scale is the most magnificent, the most well-preserved, the most exquisite architectural decoration, the most rich in commercial and cultural connotations, and in January 1988, the first was announced by the State Council for the third batch of the country's key cultural relics protection units. Later was approved as a unit of national security in Zigong, Sichuan West Qin Hall and Shandong Liaocheng Shan-Shaan Hall, which covers an area of more than 3000 square meters, and the Sheqi Shan-Shaan Hall covers an area of 13,000 square meters, the building area of more than 6,000 square meters, far more than the above two museums more than a few times. A number of authoritative national experts on ancient architecture of Sheqi Shan-Shaan Huicheng are highly praised and evaluated, the former Director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage Lv Jimin inscribed as: "artistic splendor, unique", the former Vice President of the Palace Museum Shan Shiyuan inscribed as "brilliant and magnificent, the world's first! The inscription of Shan Shiyuan, former vice president of the Palace Museum, praised it as "brilliant and magnificent, the first in the world". And thus established the Sheqi Shanxan Association Hall in the country's most representative of the existing Association Hall type of building the premier position, was recognized by a number of famous experts as "China's first Association Hall".
Two, the most glazed walls
"The most glazed walls" does not mean that its scale is the largest, but refers to the most unique decorative process. As a unique form of Chinese ancient architecture, there are two main decorative styles: one for the "Sea Man style", that is, the entire wall to form a complete pattern, mostly with dragons and seawater patterns, such as the Beijing North Sea of the Nine Dragons, Datong, Shanxi, the Nine Dragons, and so on; the second for the "box type ", only brick or stone carvings to decorate the center part of the wall of the wall, or diamond-shaped, or oval, called the box. Existing buildings or other folk buildings in the national hall in the wall of this form. And Sheqi Shanxan Huikan glazed wall is the Department of the sea and the box type of two styles perfectly combined in one, will be a variety of glazed fired auspicious plants, auspicious animals, beasts, plaques and couplets, deformation of the "blessed", "life" characters and other patterns skillfully combined into a rich, meaningful and complete. Rich, profound meaning of the complete picture, both relatively independent "box" decorations, but also the effect of the picture of the sea; main and secondary, articulated naturally; not only opulent, but also harmonious and smooth; both give a person intuitive enjoyment of the aesthetic sense, but also rich in heavy cultural connotations. For this reason can be called the most decorative art of the National Hall class building wall.
Three, the most iron flagpole
Iron flagpole is the "Wu Temple" that is, GuanDi Temple building's unique decoration. Sheqi Shanxan Hall two iron flagpole stood in the Qing Jiaqing twenty-two years, weighing more than 50,000 pounds, more than 20 meters high. According to "Nanyang credit flag town shanshanxan guild hall iron flagpole record" inscription: when the guild hall was built, "alone won more than three thousand gold. Temple of the magnificent can not be added, and can not fold empty gold into private. Because of cast iron flagpole two plants weighing more than 50,000 pounds, tree in the door of the left and right. ...... Shan陕会馆 all over the world, all grand and spacious can be seen. No. Zhuxianzhen have iron pole today in the credit flag town goodbye." It can be seen, in the country's many guilds in the building, then only Zhu Xian town and credit town Shan陕会馆 built such iron flagpole. Today, Zhu Xian town iron flagpole has been lost, only the flag of the Shan-Shaan Association of iron flagpole exists alone. According to experts on ancient architecture: its weight, height, the integrity of the form, the richness of the content, the craftsmanship of the perfect, the modeling of the perfect in terms of the same kind of building in the country without the right one. It can be seen: Sheqi Shanxan Museum iron flagpole can be called the most existing ancient architecture of iron flagpole.
Four, the most of the theater
The country's many existing ancient theater, the building has its own characteristics. But in terms of its architectural grandeur, exquisite decorations, when the first push Sheqi Shan Shanxi-HuiHuan HangJian building. Hanging Jian building was built in the Qing Jiaqing years, 24 meters high, for the three eaves hermitage building, south of the door, spacious gable corridor, north of the stage, this hook and lap structure is unique, very rich in features. Above the stage above the plaque and out of a flying eaves, forming an octagonal high, floating to fly the situation. The upper and lower parts of the building are beautifully decorated with highly skilled wood and stone carvings and unique style of colorful paintings. And the left and right supplemented by open bells, drums, two buildings, contrary to its ancient architecture will be more closed bells, drums on both sides of the temple of the routine, so that the formation of a distinctive style of the music building group, the three buildings wing corner interlacing, like a sub like even, reflecting each other, to form a perfect art as a whole. The late Chinese Society of Ancient Architecture, Nanjing University President Mr. Yang Tingbao (China's ancient architecture, one of the two world-famous academic Titans, known as the "South Yang and North Liang", Liang for Liang Qichao's son, Peking University Professor Liang Sicheng) was fond of this building, personally with graduate students on the building for detailed mapping, photography, praised the hanging Jian building for the "Chinese ancient theater building of the model work". To this end, the Sheqi Shanxan Museum hanging Jian building deservedly known as "China's ancient theater building of the most".
Fifth, the most stone carving art
Sheqi Shan-Shaanxi Museum stone carving art represented by the stone arch and the bases of the halls of stone carving of Chinese ancient architecture set all the stone carving techniques in one, its round, transparent carving, relief, flat carving, carving, carving in relief of the vegetal level, reducing the level, pressure on the ground steadily, ticking the ground to raise the protruding and other techniques, have been aptly utilized, and repeated fully demonstrated. Its carving form and content include round carving lion, tiger, unicorn, yingzhao and other animals and beasts, round carving pomegranate, peaches and other fruits and melons, translucent carving, high relief carving of figures and stories, relief carving, flat carving of various types of flowers, birds, plants and auspicious decorative motifs and so on. In particular, the figure story carving figure as much as possible in our country through the generations of painting and carving art of charm, give full play to the painting and carving art of symbolism, hypothetical, typological features, scenarios, shape and spirit, giving people the enjoyment of artistic beauty, for many domestic experts in ancient architecture praised "absolute", and deservedly known as the ancient architecture of China! "The most stone art".
Six, wood carving art of the most
Sheqi Shan-Shaan Hall of wood carving decorative art and stone carving decorative art is comparable to the two, and known as the "double best". Hall building frontal square, bird for, pendant doorway, eaves decoration of the grid fan, sill plate, and even interspersed with beams and eaves arch ang mouth, play head are decorated with wood carving, almost reached the point of no wood carving. And to the most wood carving artistic expression of deep penetration carving as the main means of carving, the main building hanging Jian building, the big worship hall, the big seat hall, the medicine king hall, the horse king hall of the frontal square, the bird for all the penetration carving, carving depth of up to five layers of 0.15 meters. The composition of the space layout is uniform, beautiful and smooth lines, styling; a large number of characters story carving figure prominent image, vivid, exaggerated, character eyebrows, landscape, grass and trees, a wave of a line are carved in fine detail. Thus, the wood carving art of shanshan hall with the fine art of translucent carving and renowned domestic ancient architecture. National Ministry of Construction adviser, the famous ancient architecture experts Luo Zhewen, Zheng Xiaoxie inscription as: "high Jiege, skillful work, carved and carved, embroidery installed, public loss of craftsmanship, the magnificent Museum". The decorative art of carving and construction of the ancestor of Lu Ban's craftsmanship compared to the United States, see the evaluation of the high, for this reason, called it "the nation's most wood carving" deserved.
Seven, Empress Dowager Cixi's royal handwriting "dragon" "tiger" two words can be called the national hall "the most"
Sheqi Shan-Shaan Hall main hall, the eaves of the main hall of the Da Za Temple The two mountains embedded in the Empress Dowager Cixi's treasure of the imperial pen "dragon", "tiger" two character monument. Tablet 0.42 meters wide, 0.80 meters high, rounded below, above a square seal script seal, within the "Empress Dowager Cixi imperial pen of treasure" nine words. The left forehead is also titled "Empress Dowager Cixi Royal Pen of the treasure" nine words, inscribed in cursive
"Dragon" "Tiger" two words in one stroke, the font is elegant and strong, a gas through. Da Za Temple building in the Qing dynasty Tongzhi years, completed in the Qing dynasty Guangxu eighteen years, at that time is Cixi power is flourishing, anyone would not dare to pretend that the treasure of its imperial pen publicly placed in this place of attention? From this we can see that the "dragon", "tiger" two words are indeed Cixi imperial handwriting undoubtedly. As a civil chamber of commerce building and can get the Empress Dowager Cixi imperial pen treasure as the treasure of the town hall, in the national building can be said to be unique, of course, become the only honor of the national Chamber of Commerce.
Eight, the national Qing Dynasty folk embroidery treasures of the most
Sheqi Shan-Shaan Museum collection of more than 40 pieces of embroidery treasures of the Qing Dynasty, of which 5 were identified by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage for the first class of cultural relics, and enlisted two went to Switzerland, Denmark, and other countries as a national treasures of cultural relics on display. This is called the "National Qing Dynasty folk embroidery of the most" is also deserved.
Nine, the Guild Hall subsidiary building Road House also for the most national Guild Hall
Sheqi Shan-Shaan Guild Hall subsidiary building Road House, also known as the Yee Yuan Palace, receiving the official hall, its architectural style integration of the northern courtyard architecture and the southern residential and garden architectural styles and a one, is the management of the Guild Hall of the Taoist priests of the usual place to live, but also for the reception of liaison with the official personnel of the place, is the Guild as a private chamber of commerce and the official Good offices function as a civil chamber of commerce and the government of the physical evidence, has an important research value, in the country's extant building in the category of halls unique, can be called "the country's most".
Ten, the rules of business ethics monument can be called the country's most
Sheqi Shan-Shaan Association existing monuments *** counting nine, of which the description of the rules of business ethics and the construction of the Association building activities of the monument counted seven, respectively: the first engraved in the Qing dynasty in the second year of the Yongzheng period (1725) re-engraved in the first year of the Tongzhi, the peer merchants and business arbitrage weighing rules, "the monument; standing in the Qing dynasty in the 50th year of the Qianlong period of the" public discussion of the groceries Rules of the road" monument, "overloaded line of business" monument in the Qing dynasty Daoguang 23 years, as well as describing the founding activities of the Shan-Shaan Association Hall and donations and expenditures of financial disclosure of the "Creation of Chunqiu Building Monument", "Nanyang credit town Shan-Shaan Association Hall iron flagpole Monument", "re-emergence of Shan-Shaan Association Hall Monument", "Reconstruction of Shan-Shaan Association Hall Monument". The first three monuments for the study of the Qing dynasty credit business development profile and commercial behavior of the norms provide valuable evidence. Among them, "peer merchants public discussion arbitrage weighing rules" monument to standardize weights and measures made strict provisions; "public discussion grocery rules" monument to advocate the spirit of honesty as the core of a variety of business practices to make as many as 18 strict provisions; "overload line business monument" on the number of mats to support the government to make a breakdown of the public notice. These three monuments are also the earliest and most comprehensive business ethics rules monuments existing in China's existing guild buildings, which can be called the nation's most.
Sheqi County is a historical and cultural town located 45 kilometers northeast of Nanyang. It is bordered on the east and Zhumadian City, Uyang County, west and Nanyang County, Wancheng District, north and Fangcheng County junction, south and Tanghe County, neighboring. 1965 to establish the Sheqi County, Sheqi Town for the county party committee, the seat of the government is the county's political, economic and cultural center.
Sheqi Town, formerly known as credit store, is a well-known commercial town. According to relevant information: the town was first built in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, the most prosperous during the Kangxi and Qianlong years of the Qing Dynasty, one of the four famous towns in Henan. Folk have "the world store number credit store" said. At that time, the town for the water and drought dock, the south boat north horse, the total set of department stores, especially more Qin Jin salt and tea big jars, for the north and south of the nine provinces of the main traffic, the country has 13 provinces of merchants in this business, only the provinces of merchants to build the Tongxiang Hall: Shan-Shaan Association Hall, Hubei Association Hall, Jiangxi Association Hall, Guangdong Association Hall, Fujian Association Hall and so on more than a dozen. The town has a population of 130,000, there are 72 streets in the town, and there are more than ten surviving ancient streets. 1989 July was announced by the People's Government of Henan Province as the first batch of historical and cultural towns in the province.
Located in the center of the town of "Shan-Shaan Association Hall" formerly known as Shan-Shaan Association Hall, also known as the Shan-Shaan Temple, Guan Gong Ancestral Hall, once known as the Ding Yuan Society, is a magnificent, - brilliant palace-style ancient architectural complex, the Department of Shanxi in the Qing Dynasty, Shaanxi Province, living in the town of Credit Flag, the rich merchants to receive guests to meet the Shi, fellowship gatherings and incense burning place to pay homage to the raising of the supervisors, the monks and Taoists also known as the Shan-Shaan Temple. The monks and Taoists are also known as Shan-Shan Temple. The main hall is dedicated to Guan Yu sitting statue, so the vast majority of couplets, door couch, plaques are extolling the virtues of Guan Yu, so it is also known as the Guan Gong Ancestral Hall, the Daoguang years called Ding Yuan Society, Republic of China 12 years renamed Shan-Shaan Hall.
HuiHuan was built in the Qing dynasty Qianlong twenty-one years (A.D. 1756), by the Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi to the Guangxu eighteen years completed, *** by six emperor 137 years. Covering an area of 10885.29 square meters, building area of 6235.196 square meters. The main building from the south and north along the central axis of the glazed walls, abrasion building, the Great Hall of Worship and the Spring and Autumn Building, the left and right supporting buildings are symmetrical, from the south to the north there are: east and west yamen, east and west stables, bells and drums two buildings, east and west corridors and the Great Hall of Worship on both sides of the King of the Medicine, the King of the Horses, the two accompanying halls. The architectural layout of the formation of the former, in, after the three courtyards, the layout is rigorous and reasonable, the halls and pavilions sparse and dense between the north and south, low, pectinately, imposing, reflecting each other. Various types of buildings ***152, indoor and outdoor paved with green and white marble, buildings using stone carving, wood carving, fire casting or ceramic molding exquisite patterns for decoration. According to the inscription: "Transportation of huge materials in the Chu North, visit the master craftsmen in the world". Consumption of silver millions of taels. In short, the overall design of the Hall of pursuit of poetry and picturesque, furnishings and decoration of the rich and magnificent. 1963 was announced by the People's Government of Henan Province for the provincial key cultural relics protection units, January 13, 1988 was announced by the State Council for the national key cultural relics protection units.
Lucite wall, is modeled on the Forbidden City, Beijing, nine dragons wall built, 10.4 meters high, 13 meters wide, 1.70 meters thick, single-eaved hard top, is built with more than 1,000 color glazed large square brick masonry up. Wall of the two sides decorated with delicate and transparent "two dragons play" beads "," dragons and tigers fight "," Danfeng Chaoyang "," Carp jump Dragon Gate ", "phoenix through the peony", "five dragons holding the saint", as well as the posture of the nine dragons and the blessing, fortune and longevity and other motifs. In the center of the wall, the horizontal inscription reads "Yi Guan Guan". On both sides of the vertical writing of two couplets, "Vigor has swallowed Wu and Wei, hemp light often Yin Jin and Qin", "by the wall of glory comparable to the beauty of the rich, the soup wall look up to the spirit of England". It expresses the feelings of admiration and remembrance of Guan Yu, a fellow villager in Shanxi and Shaanxi. The handwriting adopts the golden yellow ancient writing scribe, looks solemn and dignified glory.
Shining wall accompanied by buildings are mutually symmetrical East Regulus, West Regulus, East Stables, West Stables surrounded by the forecourt of the Guild Hall. We are now into the forecourt visit. In the courtyard there is a pair of white jade lion. Iron flagpole in front of the lion, iron flagpole 15 meters high, weighing more than 50,000 pounds, lapis lazuli seat, girdle carved Tianma, unicorn, lion, beasts figure, the seat on the iron lion, the flagpole through the lion and over. Flagpole with large, medium and small three cloud bucket, each cloud bucket on the four wind dor, cloud bucket between rows of dragons winding, the top of the original each stood a spread-winged phoenix bird, the anti-Japanese war period, the east of a bird was blown up by Japanese airplanes. Iron flagpole cast in the Qing Jiaqing twenty-two years (A.D. 1817), it is rumored to be divided into sections embracing soil casting and become. Regulus opposite east and west, built on a tall brick arch, for the single gable roof. Below the brick parapet around, 12.37 meters high, respectively, in the middle of the embedded stone "rise from the steps", "read its shoes" plaque.
The Abrasion Tower, also known as the "Bagua Tower", is a playhouse of the Guild Hall, built in the first year of the Jiaqing period (1786), completed in the first year of the Daoguang period (1821), which lasted for 25 years. Building height of 18.36 meters, 20 meters long, 18 meters wide, divided into the upper and lower three floors, for the three eaves of hermetic roof type building. On both sides of the ridge decorated with rows of dragons, peony patterns, the center of the glazed building, engraved with "five feet of the day" three words, the building door on both sides of the couplet for "this place that is Putuo Mountain, why bother to the South China Sea". The building erected 20 hugging columns, under the three-layer column base, the upper layer of the drum, the lower layer of the square drum base, four sides of the carving of unicorns, lions, cows, horses and other patterns. On the north side of the building is a theater stage, on which hangs a plaque entitled "Abrasion Tower", erected by the Hao Sheng Society in the 24th year of the Qing Dynasty (1844). The characters "悬镒" were written by Fu Qingzhu, a calligrapher from Shanxi at the end of the Ming Dynasty. The character "楼" was written by Xu Jing, a scholar from Ye County at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Both sides of the stone columns were engraved on the "will also be [day event re-enactment, haiku for the ancients", "the illusion that is the real world depicts the human condition to the fullest extent, today and also as in the past, the news of the old story played to the hair" couplets. On the stage screen hangs the plaque "both and the county peace". Up and down the stage is covered with wood, stone carvings, the content of which is mostly related to the ancient traditional opera.
The Bell Tower and the Drum Tower are located on both sides of the Abrasion Tower. The Bell Tower has a large bell, which is 5 feet high and weighs more than 2,000 pounds, and is also known as the "Golden Bell at Dawn".
Through the playhouse into the courtyard, the center of the compound. Inside the courtyard, all with a foot square of green stone pavement, in the pavement Phu Road, Phu Road on both sides of the Department of stone, there are postholes can be scaffolding, Phu Road, left and right courtyard and the two compartments were male and female audience venues, the courtyard can accommodate 10,000 people to watch the play, so it is also known as 10,000 people courtyard, and now we are visiting the stone plaque, is located in front of the main hall of the 3-meter-high platform, and its divided into the left center and the right three seats.
The middle one for three four-poster, Sumeru square school, columns on both sides attached to the drum stone, the drum on both sides of the center column engraved: "Yu Bo Ya love qin", "Meng Haoran love plum", "Lin and Jing love crane "," Zhou Dunyi love lotus "," Mi Yuanzhang love stone "," Jikang love bamboo "," Wang Xizhi love goose ", "Tao Yuanming love chrysanthemum" eight love figure. Carved in the square on the three stars of fortune, fortune and longevity. The plaque "Meng's difficult to say that this hoary", rumored to be the social flag dial tribute Zhang Yuyan writing. The left side of the square is engraved with "Du Fu's poetry", the right side is engraved with "Li Bai riding a whale", the back side of the square is engraved with "Five Fortunes", and the plaque is written with "Fulfillment in the and excellent into the holy city! "
Daibang is a great place.
The Hall of Worship, is the main building of the Hall, by the Hall and the Hall of Worship two parts, 40 meters long, 22 meters wide, 23.14 meters high. In front of the hall on both sides of the two standing stone room type single according to the hermetic hilltop type stone carving, 2 meters high, 1 meter wide, single eaves hard hilltop, the left side of the carving: "eighteen bachelors boarding Yingzhou". The picture has Du Ru Xi, Fang Xuan Ling, Yu Zhi Yu, etc. defied the difficulties and dangers, riding along the rugged path up to the world's people to Yingzhou.
The story is based on the New Book of Tang. Zhuliang biography", the Tang Emperor Li Shimin for the network of talents to open the "Museum of Literature" to Du Ruhi and other eighteen people as a bachelor, divided into three times a day, six people on duty, discussing the canon, the number of eighteen bachelors. The right side of the engraved "fishing, woodcutting, plowing, reading" figure, engraved under a river, within the line of boats, boats on the old man stooped over for fishing, the waist of a man carrying firewood as if walking, and then a man and a cow, as if going to plow the fields, the other side of the river, a person reading, so fishing, woodcutting, plowing and reading figure. Figure in the landscape, trees, birds, animals, houses using wang shallow relief, deep relief, translucent carving, line carving and other methods of stone work, so that the eighteen bachelors and fishermen, woodcutters and readers of different forms, lifelike.
Daibai Hall was built in Tongzhi eight years (1869), completed in Guangxu twenty years (1892), for the main building part of the Hall. It together with the stone pagoda, east and west waist building, east and west corridor room, Kui drum two buildings, east and west yamen and glazed walls, lasted twenty-five years, costing 87,788 silver, when you can buy rice 9.5 million pounds, about 58,000 peasants a year rations.
Horse King Hall, Medicine King Hall accompanied on both sides of the Hall of Great Worship, east of the Medicine King Hall, west of the Horse King Hall.
In the north of about 50 meters from the Great Hall of worship. The original early construction of the Spring and Autumn Building. The building is molded with a clay statue of Guan Yu reading "Spring and Autumn Annals" at night, and the building is thus named. Xianfeng seven years (1857), the twisted army to the credit flag town, due to meet the rich merchants and gentry of the entrenchment resistance, spring and autumn building by the twisted army burned down, now only the platform site.
Sheqi Shan-Shaanxi Association Hall was built more than 200 years ago, through the vicissitudes of life, which has suffered from the Twisted Army, bandits and the Kuomintang army's massive destruction, the Japanese invasion of the aircraft bombardment. Therefore, to a large extent, the Guild Hall has lost its original appearance. After the liberation of the party and the government attaches great importance to the protection of this cultural and artistic treasures. 1963, the meeting hall was included in the provincial key cultural relics protection unit, January 13, 1988 was promoted to the national key cultural relics protection unit, and many times carried out a comprehensive refurbishment work. Inside the hall, there are "Sheqi County Historical Artifacts Showroom", "Zhongyuan Embroidery Exhibition", "Palace Lantern Exhibition", "Twenty-four Filial Piety Exhibition ", "Sheqi County famous products exhibition" and other five exhibition halls.
With the development of the cause and "Shan-Shaan Hall" visibility continues to improve, the number of visitors increased year by year, the nationally renowned ancient architecture experts Luo Zhewen, Zheng Xiaopan, vice president of the Palace Museum single Tuyuan, Lv Jimin, etc. on the architectural art of the Hall was full of praise, a single Tuyuan, the old President visited the pen inscription: "brilliant and magnificent, the first in the world". Lv Jimin inscription is: "artistic splendor, unique", the old experts Luo Zhewen, Zheng Xiaopan inscribed "high-rise Jiege skillfully, carefully carved and embroidered into, will lose the art of craftsmanship, the magnificent Museum'' and so on the title, the architectural art of the Guild Hall to a very high evaluation.