One, improper order
Two, improper collocation
Three, illogical
Four, structural confusion
Five, unclear
Six, redundant or mutilated components
One, specifically to analyze the sick sentence, modify the sick sentence has the following methods:
(a), the language awareness method:
Reading the sick sentence:
And the sick sentence, the sick sentence, the sick sentence is the most important thing to do, is to make sure that you have a good understanding of the situation, the situation is not a problem, but to make sure that you have a good understanding of the situation. p>
Reading the sick sentence, you can detect the problem from the feeling, according to the customary statement will feel awkward. Above improper collocation, improper order, semantic repetition of the place, can use this method to identify, modify.
(2), extract the main method:
Using the method of grammatical analysis, the light will be the sentence of additional components (determinative, pronominal, complementary) removed, extract the main stem, check whether the main stem is faulty; if the main stem is not faulty, and then check the additional components, to see the modifiers and the center of the word between the modifiers and the modifiers of the internal faults. The above improper collocation, component mutilation of the sentence, can be used to identify, modify.
(C), targeted method:
Diseases often appear in some specific parts of the sentence, such as: multiple determiners, multiple gerunds, there may be a problem of improper order; multiple negatives, there may be a problem of improper negations; is a non-sentence, there may be a problem of before and after the non-correspondence.
E.g. "Whether or not you study hard is the key to good grades." "With the help of his teachers, it made him improve his academic performance."
(d), logical analysis method:
Some sentences have no grammatical faults, but does not make sense, logical analysis method is the use of concepts, judgment, reasoning to consider whether to violate the logic. The above semantic repetition, irrational sentence, can be used to identify and correct this method.
Learning any knowledge requires more thought, and the same is true for correcting sick sentences. Can not be satisfied with knowing the answer, to more speculation, more practice, in the language use of practical activities to improve the ability.
Second, the following is a description of common speech defects:
1. Component mutilation, mainly the lack of subject, object:
such as: when I heard this story, it reminds me of many past events. (There is no subject, remove "make".)
E.g. The business administration immediately found out that this mall had raised prices without authorization. (Lack of object, add "the problem of" at the end of the sentence.)
2. Improper collocation, including improper collocation of subject and predicate, improper collocation of verb and object, improper collocation of modifier and center word, improper collocation of correlative words in compound sentences:
E.g.
E.g.
His sharp eyes were cast into the crowd. (Inappropriate subject-verb collocation; replace "eyes" with "gaze.")
E.g. The novel fully exposes the beauty of the protagonist's heart through the mundane but life-affirming details. (Replace "expose" with "show.")
E.g. It is not difficult to realize this truth if you think about it a little. ("Thoughtful consideration" is a process that takes time and involves repeated thinking, and it is impossible to do so with "a little", so it is not appropriate to use it here, and should be deleted).
E.g.
E.g.
To his mistakes, not only should he not take sides, but he should be criticized. (This sentence is improperly paired with the correlative, and should be changed to "...... not only should not take sides, but should ...... be criticized.")
3. The word order is reversed:
For example, we can't forget the burning and looting of the Yuanmingyuan by the British and French forces. (The expression "burned and looted" does not make sense and should be adjusted.)
E.g. We saw trains and ships traveling on water and land. (The order of words should not only be in line with the facts, but also in the line before and after, coherent. This sentence should be "on the water" and "on the land".)
4. Repetitive and verbose:
E.g.: Mr. Li is old, and the hair on his head is all white. (Where is the hair if not on the head? The word "head" is not necessary, otherwise it is verbose.)
E.g. Old Ma and Old Li worked together many times to conduct high-yield rice trials. ("Repeatedly" and "repeatedly" are one and the same, and should be deleted as they are unnecessary.)
5. Inconsistent or contradictory expressions:
For example, the key to winning or losing the basketball game was the concerted efforts of the players. (The first half of the sentence "win or lose", the second half of the sentence only "win", the two face to face, inconsistent, should be changed to "the key to win", or changed to "is the key to win. whether the players can work together".)
E.g.: Wang Fang has not yet come, we concluded that she is probably sick. (The words "concluded" and "probably" contradict each other; remove "probably" or "everyone concluded".)
6. Conceptual ambiguity:
E.g. Zhang Min's classmate has dozens of literature books, such as Journey to the West, Water Margin, and Xinhua Dictionary, neatly placed in her bookcase. (The Xinhua Dictionary is not a literary book and should be removed.)
7. Misuse of adverbs, prepositions and the confusing use of negatives:
E.g. This will ensure a large grain harvest. (The tenses of "will" and "have" are different. Remove the adverb "will".)
E.g.: sleep three taboos: one taboo before going to bed can not be irritated, the second taboo before going to bed can not be full of food, the third taboo lying place can not be when the wind. ("Jealousy" is "can not", the last three sentences in the "not" should be removed, otherwise the meaning is completely opposite.)
E.g. In order to avoid similar accidents in the future, we should improve the safety system as soon as possible. (In this sentence, "to avoid" and "not to happen" means "to happen", which means exactly the opposite, and the adverb "not" should be removed. ")
E.g. For this essay, I wrote for a whole hour. (The preposition "for" is redundant and should be deleted.)
8. Ambiguous:
E.g.: The two short courses in mathematics and physics organized by our school offer courses in agricultural mathematics and agricultural electromechanics. (There are two understandings of this sentence: (1) These two courses are offered by each of the short courses in mathematics and physics, i.e., the short course in mathematics offers these two courses, and the short course in physics also offers these two courses. (2) These two courses were offered separately by the mathematics and physics short courses, i.e., the mathematics short course offered an agricultural mathematics course and the physics short course offered an agricultural electromechanical course. (It seems that it should be the second understanding, and "separately" should be added before "offered".)
Three, modify the symbols:
The following symbols should be used to modify the places where there are speech defects and misspellings, including improper use of punctuation:
(1) replace the number: (2) add the number: (3) delete the number: (4) restore the number: (5) transpose the number: (6) leave the number blank:
Four, modify the sick sentence to comply with two principles:
A. , try to keep the basic meaning of the original sentence unchanged;
B, try to change as little as possible.
V. Practical Exercises:
(1) Modify the following sick sentences:
(1) Xiao Ming wrote to his mother, "Everything is fine here, I hope that the family does not miss!"
(2)Through the Junior Reunion School, I have been able to improve my ideological understanding significantly.
(3)Zhu De was born in a working people's home, and was brought up to love labor and be able to endure hardship.
(4)After summarizing, I have improved my study methods and academic performance.
(5)Shanghai Science and Technology Development Corporation has gathered a group of specialized teams with superior level and excellent technology.
(6)The opening advertisement of a company says that free small gifts will be given until they are finished.
(7)A newly opened store advertises that "new and old customers are welcome."
(8)It is hard for people to imagine that a person who doesn't care about the pain and suffering of others can write touching works.
(9)The Chinese people are working hard to build a modern socialist power.
(10) This long novel will take quite a while to go through, though it will take quite a while to go through it roughly.
(11)His family's vegetable patch ***produced more than 1,200 pounds of eggplants, winter melons and tomatoes***.
(12)In order to write this newsletter, he delved into many of Mr. Zhang's advanced deeds.
(13)Listening to the scientist's report made me more determined to work hard to learn scientific and cultural knowledge for the construction of the motherland.
(14)As soon as I entered the classroom, I saw that the whole class was engaged in reading and a female teacher was making her rounds.
(15)Now diligently seeking knowledge and practicing self-learning ability is the key to whether students can make great achievements in the future.
(16)The revolutionary spirit of Wang Hai's fearlessness in the face of danger and sacrificing his life to save others came to my mind at times.
(17)We seriously discussed the extracurricular swimming sports training this summer.
(18)Whether the content is full and the statements are fluent is the minimum requirement for secondary school students to write essays.
(19)With a little deep thinking, this math problem is not difficult to do.
(20)Zhang Yong is a good student, and no one will deny that he is capable of such uncivilized things.
(2) Revise the following paragraphs.
1, people know, chickens, cats, dogs and other animals and people are hot and steamy, but snakes are cold. The former is called a "thermophile" and the latter is called a "thermostat". In order to maintain a constant body temperature, thermostatic animals have to consume energy substances in the body to hold. Take the equal weight of the pig and the python comparison, as long as the pig every big consumption of 150 parts of the weight of the energy material, then, the snake as long as a part of it is enough.
2, the theme of the class meeting began. Lin Fei was first the first to speak on the stage. He said: "The reason I'm not good at philology is the result of not reading extracurricular books after class. I am determined to learn from Zhang Hong, read at least 2,000 words a day outside the classroom, and strive to write a reading experience every day. ......" Lin Fei's speech won the applause of his classmates.
3, music is my favorite drink, say goodbye to the day, with a body of fatigue to leave the school, it is inevitable that dizziness, at this time, back home, I will always twist the tape recorder, quietly appreciate that the sound of nature from afar: the stream gurgling, singing in a low voice of the birds, the green fuzzy grass in the whispering cheers, and then there are the wildflowers starry in the laughter, I completely into the embrace of nature. I have completely entered the embrace of nature. Enchanted in the deep world of music.
4. Xiao Ming studied until nine o'clock at night. Feeling a little tired, just as the TV station is broadcasting the World Cup final match live. He steel to turn on the TV, his mother came over and said angrily, "It's almost time for the exam! Still watching TV!" Xiaoming replied, "Mom, what are you yelling about! Studying should be efficient, don't you understand? I'm tired of studying and want to watch TV to relax. Besides, isn't the athletes' fighting spirit an inspiration to me? You're right!
5. My favorite is the little chicken. You see, on the pointy little head of the little mountain chicken, there is a red crown, like a blooming flower. It shakes its beautiful feathers in the cage from time to time, as if it is comparing beauty with people, and as if it is giving everyone that wonderful program in heaven.
6, Zhang Xiaoqiang students study diligently, but good at brain, his grades improve quickly, study very hard. He has a number of commendable practices in learning. In the morning, he always gets up very early, puts on his clothes and goes to the playground to run. After exercising, he catches time to read the language and memorize English, and never stops all year round, in spring, summer, autumn and winter. In the evening, he often does a lot of mathematics, science and chemistry exercises, so the general topics are not difficult to defeat him. He always finishes the homework assigned by the teacher seriously, and he is not sloppy at all in doing his homework. When he encounters a difficult problem, he is not ashamed to ask, ask the teacher or discuss with classmates until he understands. He also often helps his classmates with their learning difficulties, never too much trouble. Once to a sick classmate to make up lessons, until ten o'clock at night before going home.
7, today is the first day of vacation, in the morning, I would have liked to sleep a little more sleep, unexpectedly 7:00 in the morning dragged me up from sleep, I still do not get up, at this time, my mother was on fire, she took a ruler in her hand, and then my buttocks on the beat, I feel that she took the ruler nothing good to do, all of a sudden climbed up, although the people are up, but my eyelids are still straight down, I do not know how to put on clothes, I do not know how to put on clothes. I don't know how I got dressed, my pants are on backwards.
Modifying Sentences in Preparation for the Secondary School Examination
Example Analysis:
(1) Common Types of Sentences
(1) Improper Use of Words:
1) Improper Sentimentality:
E.g., His hard work and earnestness in study is worthy of emulation by every one of our classmates. (The word "emulate" means "to learn from", which is derogatory, and should be changed to "learn from".)
②Wrong use of associated words:
For example, only by adhering to the verification, we can solve the Iraqi problem peacefully. ("Only" and "only" are used in conjunction, and "on" should be changed to "only".)
(2) Inappropriate collocation:
①Inappropriate collocation of subject and predicate:
E.g. His noble revolutionary qualities often come to my mind. ("Quality" can't be "emerged", it can be changed to "his great revolutionary image.")
② improper collocation:
such as: Shanghai Science and Technology Development Center has gathered a number of enthusiastic and scientific and technological development services, good at business management of the professional team. (The word "gathered" should be "specialized talents.")
3 subject-object collocation inappropriate:
such as: this last day of labor is the most intense, the most enjoyable, the most meaningful day of the students. ("labor" and "one day" do not go well together, should be deleted "the labor")
④ Rhetorical words and the central word do not go well together:
E.g.: He spent a great deal of effort on cultivation of good seeds. He has spent a great deal of effort in breeding good seeds. (The word "great" does not go well with the word "effort", it should be changed to "a lot of")
(3) Component mutilation:
1) Lack of subject:
E.g.
E.g.
By learning from Lei Feng's inspiring story, he has been able to make the most of his life. : By studying Lei Feng's touching deeds, it made me understand many things about being a human being. (The word "make" deprives "me" of its subject, so "make" should be deleted)
②Lack of object:
E.g. When I saw his picture, I remembered the time we played together. then remembered the year we played together, table *** read. (This sentence lacks an object center word. (The sentence lacks an object center word. The phrase "the scene of" should be added.)
(4) Improper order:
①Improper logical order:
E.g. The school has adopted and examined the new rules and regulations. (The order of "adopted" and "studied" is reversed.
②Improper correlation word order:
e.g. A: Not only do I trust him, but I trust his friends as well.
B: Not only do I trust him, but those who opposed him before now trust him. (When two clauses are of the same subject, the associated word comes after the subject. As in example A, the subject of both clauses is "I", "not only" should be in the subject of "I" after; two clauses are different subjects at the same time, the associated words in the subject before. For example, in Example B, the subjects of the two clauses are "I" and "people" respectively, and the associated word "not only" should be put in front of "I". before "I".)
(5) Contradictions:
1) Inconsistency:
E.g. Whether or not you can study hard is the key to improving your academic performance. ("can" and "no" to express two completely different situations, so, should be deleted "can")
② Negative redundancy:
such as: individual doctors do not (The hospital leadership is not without responsibility. ("not without responsibility" that is, there is responsibility, plus "not", contrary to the meaning, should be removed "not" or remove the "not "
③Unclear scope:
E.g. As soon as one enters the school building, one will see that all the pictures and posters about the history of Macao are hung on the walls of the corridors. ("Pictures" includes "posters", which should not be juxtaposed; it should be "posters and other pictures").
(6) Repetitive and verbose:
For example, the excessive burden of schoolwork on primary and secondary school students is an intractable disease plaguing basic education in China. (The words "stubbornness" and "disease" are repetitive, and either one should be deleted.)
(7) Uncertainty of expression (ambiguity):
E.g. A shepherd boy is leading a cow to graze. (Whether it is "the shepherd boy is eating grass" or "the cow is eating grass": it should be "the shepherd boy is holding the cow, and the cow is eating grass.")
(2) Methods (Principles) of Revising Sentences
1. Examine the text to determine the cause. Read the original sentence first to see where the fault lies. Grammatical, rhetorical, and logical faults, there are different modification requirements. Finding the cause of the disease is a prerequisite for modifying the sentence.
2. First main and then secondary, the right medicine. If the grammatical errors caused by the sick sentence, modify, first of all, to find the main stem of the sentence (main, predicate, object), to see whether it is mutilated, with the appropriate, whether the structure is chaotic, and will be found in the error to be corrected; and then check the additional components (fixed, state, complement), to the misuse of the word, the reversal of the order of words, or with the center of the language with the inappropriate additional components to be corrected one by one.
3. Revision of sick sentences should not change the original meaning of the sentence on the basis of: increase (add words), delete (delete redundant words and phrases), adjust (adjust the order of words), change (replace other words). It is not possible to create a new sentence.
Enhanced practice:
1. In a well-to-do family, children get everything easily, so it is difficult to communicate with their elders.
2. We hope to be useful talents in building our motherland in the future.
3. Teachers are trying to improve the quality of teaching in order to promote quality education.
4. Cultural programs such as music, dance and qigong were performed at the party.
5. We listened to stories under the tree on a quiet summer night with the stars in the sky and the moon high in the sky.
6. The event was attended by volunteers and high school students.
7. Fruits like oranges, apples and radishes are rich in vitamins.
8. Yang Lin's language achievement is not only outstanding in the whole school, but also at the top of my class.
9. Innovation and practice, I think they are most fundamental to serve the people.
10. In order to prevent the SARS epidemic from rebounding, the city leaders asked all units to further strengthen the management and develop strict preventive measures.
11. Edison's wish to sell newspapers and do experiments on the train was dashed by the rough interference of the conductor.
12. During the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, no matter what kind of difficulties the workers encountered, they were able to overcome them and move forward.
13. The reporter went to the school again and interviewed many of Mr. Wang's deeds.
14. In order to prevent such accidents from happening again, we must take effective measures.
15．The failure of the middle school exams, Xiaojing was very sad, how he hoped that a close friend and he shared this infinite pain!
16. Candidates are concentrating on answering papers in the examination room, while teachers and parents outside the room are waiting anxiously all the time.
17. In the twenty years since the reform and opening up, the living standard of the Chinese people has been significantly enhanced.
18. The Yangzhou city song "Jasmine Flower" has bright local colors.
19. In the battle against SARS, the dedication of nurse Ye Xin y inspired and infected many white soldiers.
20. The entrance exams are coming soon, and students are devoting themselves to reviewing for the exams.
21. I remember we did many Shakespeare plays.
22. At that time, there was no one in the classroom, only the headmaster was sitting and reading.
23. The movie Romance of the Three Kingdoms excellently portrays the heroic deeds of Song Jiang, Lin Chong, Wu Song and Lu Da.
24. Several school teachers were discussing listening to teaching.
25. The hair on Master Zhang's head was all white.
26. I was in the same class with him and was impressed both by his studies and his work.
27. Another small store selling drinks and sodas has opened opposite the school gate.
28．The new class committee has sound and established a series of classroom management systems.
29．The skill level of some of our soccer players has not improved much.
30. We need to train our students to be both knowledgeable and noble.
31．The language has interested him since the day he started school.
32. I took **** a smiling face and a word into the camera and made a photo album.
33. Every college student at the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts hopes to become an outstanding artist in the future.
34. I was greatly inspired by his speech.
35. We have to save as much as possible on unnecessary expenses and waste.
36. Unity is the key to good work.
37. The ability to comprehensively promote quality education is one of the conditions to ensure the healthy growth of young people.
38. Mr. Wang told the students that all the students diagnosed with pseudomyopia in the hospital have to go to the hospital to be treated with fog vision.
39. The fundamental purpose of the national development of productive forces is to improve people's living standards.
40. The road up to Songting is even more treacherous.
41. The author of Journey to the West is Wu Chengen, whose former residence is located in the beautiful Huai'an.
42. Enhancing the awareness of the law and improving the ability to protect themselves is a need for the healthy growth of young people.
43. The reason why China's Everest mountaineering team has succeeded in climbing Mount Everest is because of the spirit of unity and cooperation among all the members of the team, who are not afraid of difficulties and dangers.
Judging the method of modifying sick sentences
I. Judging the method of sick sentences:
(1) Tightening method. Commonly used method of grammatical analysis. First of all, the additional components of the sentence (determiners, gerunds and complements) are removed, tighten the main stem, check the main in whether there is a component of mutilation, improper collocation of the disease; if the main stem is not a problem, and then check the local, look at the modifier and the center of the collocation of the language between the problem, the modifier of the internal order of the problem exists.
For example, the youth of the day are responsible for building our country into a four-modernized socialist power in this century. The main idea of this sentence is "The youth are responsible for building our country into a strong nation." From this stem, we can see that the structure of this sentence is incomplete.
The tightening method is also suitable for checking whether the sentence components match properly.
For example, the old Red Army told us that the Red Army climbed the snowy mountains, crossed the grassland, and overcame all the hardships and difficulties to march forward under the leadership of Chairman Mao. After tightening, the whole sentence becomes "The old Red Army told us ...... a song." In this way we can clearly see that the words "told" and "a song" do not go well together.
The tightening method should pay attention to the following points:
①The tightening, in order to avoid removing the negative word in the negative sentence and appear the opposite of the original meaning of the situation, the negative word should be retained in the main stem.
②When tightening, the basic structure of the original format must remain unchanged. If words other than modifiers are cut out, the structure of the original sentence will be destroyed.
(2), analogies. Can not be sure of the fault of the sentence, according to the format of the original sentence imitation of some shallow, easy to grasp the sentence to compare, you can more clearly see where the disease.
such as: this experience deserves the attention of literature and education workers, especially primary and secondary school teachers. The structure of the original sentence is more complex, first compressed and simplified to "it is worth their attention", and then compared to the structure of the sentence: "it is worth their learning" "it is worth our visit", the The three sentences have an extra "of" compared to the everyday sayings, and the "of" in the original sentence should be deleted from "teachers' attention".
(c), the sense of language reading method. Mobilize the sense of language, in the process of reading from the sense of the statement of the problem, that is, according to the customary saying to see whether it is awkward. If it is awkward, then analyze and compare, identify the reasons, and modify it.
such as: regardless of the climatic conditions and geographic environment are extremely unfavorable, the mountaineers still overcame the national difficulties, and climbed to the summit in triumph. In the first part of this sentence, the phrase "regardless of ...... extreme unfavorable" is obviously not customary, and the correct expression is "regardless of ...... how unfavorable ""Despite ......'s extreme disadvantages".
(d), logical analysis. Some of the language from the grammatical disease is not good to find fault, it is necessary to analyze the reasoning, which is the logical meaning of the analysis method. Logical meaning analysis method from the concept, judgment, reasoning to consider whether it is appropriate, from the front and back of the order of the statement, the relationship between the sentence to consider whether it is appropriate.
such as: ① the city, some people by any means to imitate shoddy products ...... "imitation of shoddy products" is not reasonable, should be changed to "manufacturing shoddy products" or "imitation of brand-name products".
②Anyone who has outstanding achievements, is the hard environment to sharpen their talents. With "all ...... all" this full affirmative judgment, overstated, should be "all" to "most of the ", followed by the deletion of the word "all".
Second, the principle of modifying the sick sentence:
Get the meaning of the sentence, modify to less, change to clever, as far as possible to keep the meaning of the original sentence. The whole sentence to change the proper, to avoid the wrong to change the wrong.
(a), the right medicine, targeted. Simply put, that is, where there is a problem, what place to change; what kind of problem, with the corresponding method to change. Therefore, the various types of sick sentences must be in mind, for the causes of speech defects to modify.
(2), try to keep the original meaning of the sentence. Each sick sentence, generally contains a double meaning, one is not correctly expressed in the original meaning of the sentence, one has been expressed in the distortion of the original meaning of the wrong meaning. Correcting sick sentences, should try to analyze and grasp the original meaning of its expression; try to maintain the original meaning of the premise of the error to make appropriate changes, adjustments. Do not go against the original intention, another stove, according to their own personal will to choose another sentence to replace the original sentence, or to add more to decorate the sentence. Doing so, often deviate from the original meaning and not achieve the correct correction of the purpose of the disease.
(c), to be good at using a variety of methods to modify. Each sentence can be analyzed from the angle of grammar, rhetoric and logic to the cause of the disease. In this way, the same sentence can be modified in many different ways. As for which method is more appropriate, it depends on the type of the disease itself, the need for expression, and the specific context.
We should also note that we can use the method of adjusting the order of words to modify the maximum possible not to add or delete words; change one can solve the problem will never change two; modify the sentence to pay attention to the simplicity of the meaning of the sentence, as far as possible to maintain the sentence or the object of the statement is consistent. In short, remember to modify the sentence of the five words.
Add (the components of the mutilated)
Delete (redundant)
Exchange (improper use of words)
Simple (modification should be brief)
Tuning (do not go with, do not correspond to)
Three, to identify the causes of the sick sentence:
(a), the improper use of words:
E.g.: He donated the money he had thrifted down to the disaster area. "Thrifty" is an adjective, can not take the verb "down". It should be replaced by the verb "to save".
There are also cases of improper use of imaginary words.
For example, the Iranian chef, probably unfamiliar with the use of our cooking utensils, or perhaps due to nervousness, did not do a good job of roasting the lamb. The word "put" should not be put in front of a negative word. It should read: The roast lamb was not cooked properly anyway.
(2) Improper collocation:
①Improper collocation of subject and predicate;
②Improper collocation of verb and object;
③Improper collocation of determiner, gerund, complement and center;
4Improper collocation of meaning between subject and object;
⑤Improper collocation of related words.
e.g.
E.g.
For example, Beijing in the fall is a beautiful season.
The word "Beijing" is "the season", and the subject and object do not match.
E.g.
E.g.
Speeding up the scale and speed of the development of higher education. The word "accelerate" can be used in conjunction with "speed", but not with "scale", which is an improper combination of verb and object.
(C), component mutilation:
① Subject mutilation. There are two cases: a. due to the misuse of prepositions and "preposition ...... locative" format, resulting in subject mutilation; b. secretly replace the subject, resulting in subject mutilation;
② predicate mutilation. There are two cases: a. a sentence said the subject, not yet finished the predicate, but another head, thus causing the predicate in the mutilation; b. due to the lack of the predicate center caused by the predicate mutilation;
③ object mutilation. Often due to the object before the determiner is too long, so that the center of the mutilated;
4 determiners, gerunds missing or incomplete;
5 lack of related words;
such as: the group has become a company with 11 specialties, two research institutes, three production plants, the existing fixed assets of 85 million yuan. (The predicate of this sentence "has" what, mutilation. Should fill in the object "of large-scale enterprises.")
(4) Component redundancy:
①Subject has redundant components;
②Predicate has redundant components;
③Object has redundant components;
④Definition is redundant;
⑤Substantive is redundant;
⑥Complement is redundant.
For example:
①The editorials of the People's Daily appeared in all the major newspapers. The word "诸" means "之于". Delete "诸" or "于".
such as: ② welcome to the leadership to our school to guide. "to our school" that is "visit", resulting in redundancy, the modification is to leave one, to repeat.
(E) structural confusion:
①Inappropriate word order. Several cases: a. reversal of the position of the determiner and the center; b. placing the determiner wrongly in the position of the gerund; c. placing the gerund wrongly in the position of the determiner; d. multi-layer determiners in the wrong order; e. multi-layer gerunds in the wrong order.
E.g. Eunuchs are the unique spawn of China's feudal palaces, the slaves of the castrated feudal emperors. The eunuchs should be first characterized as "the servants of ......" and then as "the spawn of ......". Otherwise, "the unique spawn". Otherwise, the "unique spawn" of the overview to set down, accounting for the unclear.
2 sentence mishmash. There are two cases: a. two statements mixed; b. before and after the link.
such as: the rooms are equipped with closed-circuit television, international and domestic direct phone stereo, room bar and so on. The sentence combines two types of sentences to create a mishmash. One is "The rooms are equipped with ...... bars," and the other is: "The rooms are equipped with closed-circuit television ...... everything! ". One should be deleted to keep the sentence clear.
3 compound sentence implicitly change the subject of the clause, resulting in confusion.
E.g.
E.g.
For example, the old worker's words y touched Xiao Qiu's heart, and he couldn't calm down for a long time. The subject of the first clause of the sentence is "the old worker's words"; the implied subject of the second clause is "Xiao Qiu's heart". Because of the implied shift in subject, the sentence is confusing.
4) Layers are not clear.
For example, after Xinhua News Agency sent out the news that the artificial synthesis of yeast alanine transfer ribonucleic acid was successfully completed in Shanghai, readers attached great importance to it, and people in the scientific community also attached great importance to it, and it aroused a strong reaction. Xinhua News Agency issued this message, in terms of the degree of importance, the scientific community than the majority of readers, therefore, should first say "scientific community" reaction, and then say the majority of readers of the dynamics; In addition, the last sentence "caused a strong reaction" belongs to the abstract language, should be said first, and then say the majority of readers. It should be said first, then the concrete.
(F) unclear.
1) Uncertainty of reference:
For example, Wang Xin and Li Hong ran a race, and after a period of fierce competition, he finally won. It is not clear whether "he" refers to Wang Xin or Li Hong.
E.g. I stood in front of the window and looked at the playground, where many students were playing soccer.
The word "here" is not clear, and should be changed to "there"
②Mixed meanings, not clear:
e.g.: These years, people who write articles are particularly fond of "the" and "its". " and "its" are two words with literary overtones. Of course, "the" and "its" can be used, because today we are using modern Chinese, and very often, the use of "this" "that" "he ", "he" and so on, the text flows better. This raises the question of whether the words "该" and "其" should be used appropriately. In the first place, "该" and "其" are certainly usable, but in the middle, "这" and "那" and "他" in modern Chinese make the text flow better. "he" in modern Chinese to make the text flow more smoothly, and finally "the" and "its" should be used so that the reader can't understand "the" and "its". "and "its" and "this" and "that" and "he" are better.
3 ambiguous sentence:
such as: please buy two round-trip airplane tickets from Beijing to Xi'an on my behalf. There are two ways of understanding this sentence: one, to and from **** two. The second is, to, two; back, two.
E.g., the factory overfulfilled its annual plan by 30%, and was praised by its superiors. This sentence is understood in two ways: one, 30% more than the annual plan; the other, only 30% more than the annual plan.
(7) illogical:
①Strongly pull cause and effect:
such as: because today is the last day of the park tour, so there are few visitors. The reason for the lack of visitors cannot be attributed to the last day of the park tour.
②Contradictory:
E.g. He was one of the many who were spared. Since he was spared, he didn't die, but he said he was one of the "dead", which is a contradiction in terms.
3) Misuse of concepts:
For example, many literary works have been added to the library, such as "Guide to Language Knowledge", "Teachers' Book of Languages", and "Thesaurus". Literature and language teaching books are different concepts. It could be changed to "the library has added many teaching books".
④Subject and object are inverted:
E.g. At that time, the newspaper had very little contact with me. The sentence should be changed to "I was in contact with newspapers", with "I" as the active and "newspapers" as the passive.
⑤Negative Inappropriate:
For example, there is not a single teacher or student in the school who does not deny that quality education has brought about great changes on the campus. The sentence removes the word "not" before "deny".
⑥前后失衡，缺乏照应：
如:有没有人毁树，是树能成活的重要条件。 In the first part of the sentence, there are two kinds of conditions, "there is no". After only said "can live" a condition, two-sided imbalance, should be "can live" before adding "whether" two words.