So how can we better grasp the rhythm of Chinese classroom teaching? I think we should do the following:
First, standardize language rhythm.
Suhomlinski once said: "The teacher's speech has aesthetic color, which is the most exquisite key. It can not only develop emotional memory, but also go deep into the most hidden corner of the brain. " The influence of beautiful language on students can be seen. In this respect, Chinese teaching is more prominent than any other subject. On the one hand, the beauty of teachers' teaching language comes from the accuracy, appropriateness and vividness of language expression, on the other hand, it comes from the alternating exchange of speed, beat and intensity in teaching language, as well as the regular changes of sentence length and intonation. This cadence and rhythmic teaching language gives teaching a distinct rhythm. At the same time, it has a direct impact on students' learning effect. Modern physiological research shows that under the stimulation of a monotonous sound, the cerebral cortex will soon enter a state of inhibition, and cadence and rhythmic teaching language can effectively break the state of inhibition of the brain. Therefore, we must strengthen language control and pay attention to the clever arrangement and reasonable combination of teaching languages.
The priority of Chinese teacher's voice in Chinese teaching directly affects students' mood, so it should be full of sounds and emotions, cadence, harmony in sound and spirit, and complement each other. When the pitch changes, it should be moved according to the situation, rising and falling. Use metaphor, personification, description, exaggeration and other methods to give full play to the function of language, give students intuition, fully mobilize their intuitive thinking, and develop their imagination and creativity. When expounding success, the tone should be solemn, vivid and powerful; When the autopsy fails, the tone should be calm and reasonable. The tone should not be too high, nor should it be hoarse and low. There are both high emotional encouragement and gentle drizzle. A class is sometimes like "lightning and thunder", "storm" and sometimes like "light rain in March" The formation of a teaching language that combines high and low, alternating light and heavy, and full of sound and emotion will undoubtedly inject the nectar of knowledge into students' hearts harmoniously.
Second, change the teaching methods.
The alternation of teaching methods helps to eliminate students' fatigue and keep their attention. When organizing teaching, teachers should be good at designing and arranging teaching methods, pay attention to the interval transformation and reasonable collocation of teaching methods, and achieve the combination of static and dynamic, so that teaching activities can be carried out rhythmically in the alternation of static and dynamic. For example, when learning Kong Yiji, the first step is to introduce the background information related to the text in the form of lectures, as well as the guidance tips for understanding and grasping the characters, plots and environment in the novel. The second step is to use the practice style. First, fill in the form to compare and analyze the changes of Kong Yiji's two appearances in portrait, language and action, so as to guide students to grasp the characteristics and significance of Kong Yiji's image; The second is to finish after-class exercises and appreciate the refined, profound and implicit features of language. The third step is to discuss the social roots of Kong Yiji's tragedy and grasp the theme of the novel. Under this arrangement, the whole class is a combination of lectures and exercises, which is dynamic and static, showing a rhythm change that is suitable for students' psychology.
Third, cleverly arrange the content.
The information density in teaching activities is also an important factor that constitutes the teaching rhythm. The sparsity and confidentiality of information directly affect the changes of students' psychological feelings. Sparsity gives people a feeling of relaxation and relaxation, while secrecy makes people feel anxious and nervous. Dense but not sparse, it will give people a sense of accumulation, students are nervous for a long time and are easy to get tired; If you turn a blind eye to it, it will make people feel empty, and students' emotions will be too relaxed and it will be difficult to concentrate. Only by alternating density and density can students have a relaxed psychological rhythm and maintain vigorous energy. Therefore, the arrangement of teaching content should be carefully and reasonably combined, and the information should be scattered. Generally speaking, the key and difficult points should be hammered, and students should be highly concentrated, think positively and embody the word "Zhang". For the non-key content that students can understand, the word "relaxation" can be reflected in "Zhang". Zhang without relaxation, Zhang without relaxation, are all manifestations of not paying attention to the beauty of rhythm. Only when students see relaxation in tension and agitation can they gain more knowledge easily and happily in the rhythmic changes with relaxation and ups and downs.
Fourth, the details are properly arranged.
The content of Chinese classroom teaching should conform to students' cognitive level and construct the essence of knowledge completely. The teacher talks about "everything" in detail, regardless of weight, just like a small river flowing quietly, without ups and downs, how can it receive a strong and touching rhythm effect. For example, some Chinese teachers, regardless of the genre of the article, start with the introduction of the author and the wording of the article, then analyze the paragraph structure, summarize the center, and finally summarize the writing characteristics. Therefore, teachers should focus on the characteristics of the article genre and the actual situation of students, and must highlight key points and overcome difficulties when imparting knowledge. The key content should be "full of color" and the secondary content should be "low-key". Find out the difficulties in the article, reduce the slope, alternate the important and difficult points, point out carefully, and really be targeted, meticulous and properly arranged. Only in this way can the Chinese class be lively and full of rhythm.
Chinese classroom should be a combination of "dense" and "sparse" in teaching content. Some teachers often worry that students are not "dense" but "sparse" in class, blindly increasing the teaching volume per unit time and running "non-stop". This problem has not been solved yet, and that problem has been thrown out again, so students can only catch up "out of breath". Over time, mental work will be overloaded and bound, and the effect will be counterproductive. Some classroom teaching is "sparse" rather than "dense", and the teacher is slow, like warm water, step by step. The problems that can be solved in one class must be expanded through two or more classes. Because the stimulation is concentrated in one area of the cerebral cortex, the brain will enter a state of no excitement and its thinking will stagnate. Therefore, when Chinese teaching is in the best state, students should be given a heavy burden and a large capacity, so that they can be full of energy, or speak or debate, or practice or discuss, or observe or participate, so that their interest can reach a climax. After the big secret, we must be guided by small and sparse, so that every student has room for reflection.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Pay attention to the students' reaction.
As a process of information transmission and input, teachers must attach importance to students' information feedback and adjust the rhythm according to the classroom dynamics. If you find that students are tired and nervous, you should strengthen adjustment at a slow pace; If students' mood is lax, they should speed up the pace and make their mood high. Similarly, the density of teaching rhythm will also affect the changes of students' psychological feelings. Sparse, giving people a slow and relaxed feeling; Dense, giving people a sense of urgency and tension. Dense will bring students a relaxed psychological rhythm and maintain vigorous energy.
Sometimes, rhythm controls the speed of art, and no matter how good the preset scheme is, it is not as fast as classroom teaching. The sudden learning situation of students in the classroom is a valuable regulation resource for rhythm control, and teachers must adjust flexibly. For the new difficulties that are caught off guard, we should slow down, be convincing, and gradually break through; Unexpected places with smooth interpretation should be concise and accelerated; Be witty, passionate and impassioned when you are depressed.
A teacher asked students to tell me how to face suffering with examples when they gave me three days of light. Many students mentioned Hawking. A boy stood up and spoke. He was only familiar with Hawking's disability, but he couldn't tell the details of his achievements. This class is in an awkward position. At this time, the teacher explained Hawking's experience in time: he was regarded as the most outstanding physicist since Einstein, and brought his thoughts to thousands of families with his masterpiece A Brief History of Time, which sold10 million copies. He is currently at Cambridge University. I introduced my achievements, works and work in a few words. Then immediately show pictures of Hawking's disability and the words "The body is curled up in a wheelchair, but the mind is flying in the deepest part of the universe", and deepen students' emotional understanding with perceptual knowledge. In this way, the rhythm of the classroom is well adjusted and the long-term ineffective consumption is avoided.
Sixth, the pursuit of overall harmony
The rhythmic art of Chinese teaching pursues the beauty of the whole. We should not only pay attention to some links, but also make overall consideration and comprehensive arrangement, so that all elements can be reasonably matched, properly interspersed and naturally and harmoniously connected to form the harmonious beauty of the overall rhythm. Excellent Chinese teachers attach great importance to improving the charm of teaching art with the overall harmonious teaching rhythm. Yu Yi, a special teacher, emphasized "harmony and unity, forming a whole". For example, when she talked about the article "Climbing Mount Tai in the Rain", she enthusiastically introduced the text at the beginning, taking the lead, inspiring students' strong feelings and rich imagination, forming a peak. Then, in the language of the tour guide, slow down and ask questions. Students meditate, read the text quickly and seek answers to questions, thus forming the first trough. After that, the students raised their hands and described the first wonder in vivid language, and the second peak appeared. Then go forward. After the students briefly introduced Qizhen Temple, they immediately made a clever transition: "What wonders did you see along the way from Tianmen to Ertianmen?" The connection between these two links is natural and close. Teacher Yu fully noticed the students' feelings deeply attracted by the beautiful scenery and guided them to speed up their pace with appropriate language. After a short period of thinking, the students rushed to introduce the scenery of Tianmen and Ertianmen, and the third peak appeared in class. Next, she summed up the above, affirmed the students and deliberately slowed down the pace. Then, teacher Yu used inspiring language to encourage students to "visit" the scenic spots further, and asked them to talk about their feelings while "climbing". After that, I quickened my pace and pushed it further: "Once I climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that other mountains are dwarfed under the sky ... What kind of scenery is it?" Let's enjoy this fairyland-like beauty with the joy of victory, and ask the students to grasp the characteristics and introduce the second and third beautiful scenery. " Then some students answered first, which aroused the laughter of the whole class and pushed the classroom atmosphere to a climax. Then three questions are put forward in turn, which not only summarizes the teaching content, but also leads the students' emotions and ideas deeper. The whole teaching can be said to be ups and downs, interlocking, fast and slow, dense. Students gain knowledge in the overall harmonious teaching rhythm, and at the same time experience aesthetic taste and enjoy aesthetic enjoyment.
Grasping the rhythm of classroom teaching is an inexhaustible art, and it is also the embodiment of teachers' teaching quality. We should actively adjust the pace of classroom teaching and strive to improve students' Chinese literacy.