1. Biological characteristics of potted grapes
Grape is a deciduous perennial vine with vigorous growth of new buds and strong polarity. The bud farthest from the base of the branch germinates first and grows rapidly. 1 The root system is developed, with mycorrhiza. It likes sunshine, warm and loose soil and rich fertilizer and water, and it is afraid of waterlogging in rainy season.
Second, the cultivation techniques of potted grapes
1. Planting environment of potted grapes
If it is a courtyard, grapes and other fruit trees, flowers and trees are planted, the overall arrangement of planting or breeding can be comprehensively considered according to its size, lighting conditions and environmental conditions, so as to make full use of the ground and space. If there is a spacious roof platform, in addition to greening (beautification) and eating, its sunshade function accounts for a large proportion.
2. Planting season of potted grapes
Suitable for planting in spring when the temperature is between 15-25℃, such as early March and April; Stratification can begin in early April.
3. Potted grape planting preparation
Choose excellent varieties: There are many varieties of grapes, such as Kyoho and Red Fuji, which mature early and have strong adaptability. You can choose high-quality varieties according to the local weather and the use of fruits. Soil layer selection: select deep soil layer,
Sandy loam with loose soil (good air permeability and rapid ground temperature rise) has good soil quality. Land preparation: land preparation in autumn and winter in the first year. Before soil preparation, apply about 1.500 kg of decomposed fertilizer per mu, then dig about 30 cm of soil, and tap the soil into a seedbed with a width of 80 cm and a height of 25 cm. 4. Variety selection
All grape varieties can dance in pots, but attention should be paid to freshness and appreciation, and the taste should be sweet and colorful. Appropriate consideration should be given to varieties with adaptability to balcony environment, simplicity of cultivation techniques and strong drought and disease resistance. According to the potted experience in recent years, rose fragrance, Kyoho, longan and milk grape are the best.
5, soil fertilizer
Although grapes have strong adaptability to soil, sandy loam is the best soil for potted plants, with strong aeration and water retention, which is suitable for root system development. Viscosity and raw soil are not suitable, otherwise the permeability is poor, the water evaporates quickly, it is easy to dry when watering, and the basin bottom leaks. It is best to use decomposed organic fertilizers, such as decomposed human manure, cake manure, manure, etc. The ratio of fertilizer to soil is 1.4- 1: 3, and it is best to mix 10g potassium sulfate (plant ash can also use it) and 10g calcium superphosphate in each pot.
6. Breeding methods
Grapes are often propagated by cutting, and annual branches with vigorous growth and full bud eyes are cut off. Cut the cuttings with single or double buds to about 5- 15cm, and sow them in the seedbed in February with the spacing of 15cm×50cm. However, rootstocks with strong adaptability and resistance should be selected in hot areas.
Grafting propagation is used to cultivate grafted seedlings suitable for local climate conditions. 7. Seeding steps of potted grapes
If it is planted with grape seeds, buy the good grapes you like, eat them, take root in the soil, and put them in sunny places to germinate; The next spring, last year's branches could sprout many new buds, leaving a few strongest ones. In May, there was plenty of rain, the grapes grew fast and the roots grew gradually. Transplant in rainy days. In May of the third year, yellow-green buds can appear, which will blossom and bear fruit. If planting by cutting, it is best to soak the flowerpots in 1% bleaching powder water for 5 minutes, then take them out to dry and put them in sterilized culture soil. Seedlings for potted grapes can be directly inserted into flowerpots through cuttings and cultivated into seedlings. When inserting, it is best to insert 2 cuttings in each pot for selection and retention, and always keep the pot soil moist. You can also use 1-3-year-old grape plants and transplant them with soil balls before germination. At the time of transplantation,
Re-cut plant branches and leaves, generally choose 1-3 thick branches and leaves. In the year of transplanting, the key point is to restore the tree, cultivate the tree shape, lay a good foundation, and not bear fruit for the time being. The above is the introduction of potted grape technology, hoping to help flower lovers.