Personally: dig out the names of people and places, etc., and the rest of the words, analyze the lexical properties, whether it is a verb, an adjective, a name, or a preposition, etc., and figure out a way to break a sentence so that the meaning can be translated fluently. If you break a sentence wrongly, the meaning will often deviate a lot, but the translation is still fluent, which involves deeper academic aspects.
In terms of teaching:
Two principles
1 does not destroy the relative integrity of the word
For example, the green mountain can not be broken into the green / mountain
2 in line with our usual reading habits
Otherwise, as the person above said, a punctuation broken on the line
Demonstration
Summer mosquitoes / In summer, the mosquitoes / become thunder, private / to be a flock of cranes / dancing in the air, the heart of the matter, then / or thousands or hundreds, really / cranes; head high / to see, the item / for the strong. And stay mosquitoes / in the vegetarian tent, Xu / spray to the smoke, so that the / smoke and flying song, for / green clouds and white cranes view, the fruit / such as cranes at the edge of the clouds, for the / Yiran said fast.
The first two sentences of the ancient Chinese text are usually the subject of the first sentence, and then the subject is omitted, so there are two predicates in the sentence.
2. There are also some fixed collocations, such as "....
2. . also", "...
3. This is sort of an addition to the first point, which is that there is a subject that generally has to be broken in front of the subject.
4. The first said is to break the sentence, later said to break the parallel sentence, the ancient text often have a pair of sentences, see the two sentences in the form of similar to those in the middle of the line should be drawn.
5. Some of them are juxtapositions, which should be easy to see.
6. There is also the "who said" "who said" after the general need to break, which is the beginning of other people's speech.
7. I'm basically not wrong to break sentences in high school. If there is a biography of the storyline of the text, it is necessary to grasp the general plot, the central event and the relationship between the characters; if it is the reasoning of the text, it is necessary to clarify the center of the article's exposition, and then according to the center of the further clarification before and after the logical relationship. In short, before breaking the sentence, must be given to the passage read through several times, as far as possible to grasp the general idea of the chapter.
2, step by step, after the first easy
In the familiar reading of the passage, grasp the meaning of the basis of the first part of the break is sure, after the break can not eat the part. Like this paragraph is easy to break the "incense burner peak", "love temple", "and A Lushan", "Yuan and eleven years of autumn "and so on. More difficult to break the "A world mountain mountain north peak said", "its realm of victory", "if the traveler over the hometown" and so on.
For easy to break the part of the sentence, you can directly add a slash or punctuation; for the temporary difficulty in determining can be put aside, to be left until the final speculative discretion.
3, with the help of "features", clever break
"features" that is, there are two main types of special words: one is "said", "cloud" and so on. "cloud" and other verbs, a false word. Especially pay attention to the virtual word, because the virtual word is used frequently, strong grammatical function, with the help of the virtual word, can help us accurately break the sentence.
Special word service break, can be summarized as follows: "said" after the colon (:) "Ja" after the sigh (!), "Gai" after the sigh (!). "then", "to" is usually in the middle, "yeah", "hu" is often questionable (?), "carry on", "to", "to", "to", "to", "to", "to", "to", "to", "to", "to", "to", "to". , "矣", "耳" followed by a circle (.) The words "也" and "者" function as pauses, or clauses. or comma (,) as appropriate to see.
4, pay attention to the sentence form, to assist in breaking
The ancients line, good use of neat sentence form, or prose, or couplets, or symmetry. This form can sometimes help us accurately break the sentence, such as the paragraph above, "the mountain north peak is said to incense burner peak north temple is said to love the temple", according to the symmetry of the sentence structure breaks into "the mountain north peak is said to incense burner / peak north temple is said to love the temple".
Expanded:
Characteristics of Literary and Linguistic Languages:
1. Grammatical Characteristics
Grammatical characteristics of Literary and Linguistic Languages are mainly manifested in two aspects, namely, word class and word order. In general, the Chinese language has more than one type of word. Generally speaking, there are more word activities in Chinese than in the vernacular.
2. Vocabulary
There is a big difference in vocabulary between Chinese and vernacular languages. This difference usually has to be barred in the form of a dictionary or dictionary to be fully expressed. However, one feature can be observed in general terms: the vocabulary of the literary language is more concise.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Sentence Breaking (Four Steps to Sentence Breaking in Mandarin)
4. Sentence Breaking Skills in MandarinSentence Breaking and Punctuation in Mandarin
Sentence breaking in Mandarin is traditionally referred to as "sentence reading". The ability to recognize sentence reading is the most basic ability to read ancient texts. The basis of sentence breaking lies in the comprehension of the whole text. Therefore, before breaking the sentence to read through a few times, and strive to have a general understanding of the content of the whole text, will be able to break the first break, and gradually narrow the scope, and then focus on analyzing the difficult to break the connection between the sentence and the context. When breaking sentences, attention should also be paid to the genre of the article, language style, and the completeness of the sentence. The use of punctuation should be standardized and the same as the usage of modern Chinese punctuation. Strengthening recitation and enhancing the sense of language will help a lot in breaking sentences and punctuating them. In addition, sentence breaks can follow the following rules: (1) Find nouns (pronouns) and set sentence readings. Like modern Chinese, nouns (pronouns) are often used as the subject and object of a sentence in the literary language. Therefore, if you find out the recurring nouns or pronouns in the text, you can basically determine the sentence reading. (2), look at the imaginary words, set sentence reading. The ancients did not use punctuation marks in their writing. They were able to identify the sentence reading, and the false words became an important symbol. Especially before and after the tone of voice words and some conjunctions, is often the place to break the sentence. According to this characteristic, finding the imaginary words will help you read the sentences. (3), find the top truth, set sentence reading. Top truth is a common form in the literary language. Sentences follow each other back to front, and the word that is the object of the first sentence becomes the subject of the second sentence. For example, "To fear is to store up thoughts, and to store up thoughts is to see in vain." (Wang Chong, "Booking Ghosts") According to this feature, we can also determine the sentence reading. (4), according to the platitude, determine the sentence reading. Row by row, couplet and symmetry are the most common rhetorical methods in literary texts. Sentences are neat and tidy, and there are a lot of four or six sentences, which is also a major linguistic feature of the literary language. This feature, in turn, provides a convenient way to break sentences. (5), according to the total division, set sentence reading. In the literary language, there are also often the form of total division, sub-total, according to which the sentence can also be broken. (6) Dialogues, quotations, sentence reading. Dialogue in the literary text, quote commonly used "said", "cloud" as a sign, two people dialog, generally in the first question and answer to write out the name of the person, and then only use "said" and omit the subject. When encountering the dialog, should be based on the context to determine the questioner, the answer, clearly identify the sentence reading. (7), check the repetition, set sentence reading. Repetition, especially interval repetition, is also a common rhetorical method in literary texts. As "Zou Ji satirizing the King of Qi's admonition", "I'm not as beautiful as Xu Gong in the north of the city," repeated many times, which also provides a powerful help to break the sentence.
5. Rules for sentence breaks in literary textsThe sense of language is indeed very important, and there is a clear difference between reading and not reading, and how much you read.
Still on the Internet to find a general method, I think it is more reasonable to see if there is any help. 1. paragraph Hugh asked the long and short, familiar with the readings is the key.
The content of the full understanding of the general idea, can start to break the sentence. Candidates to the literary break, a common fault is to look at the same time point break, read the article, break the sentence is over, to be back to check, and feel that there are many things wrong.
In fact, this "one-step" approach does not work. The first thing you need to do is to get a good understanding of the content of the book, and the content of the book, and the content of the book, and the content of the book.
sloppy can not, seem to understand not understand can not, read once or twice a wobbly pass can not. We get a piece of ancient text without punctuation, the first to read through the whole text, repeated study, as the saying goes, "book read a hundred times, the meaning of the self see", the number of times read more, the meaning of the natural understanding.
Then according to the content of the article, the first break out of a few large paragraphs or levels, the grasp of the place to break open. 2. Linking the whole text before and after the look, first easy and then difficult to distinguish.
To punctuate a paragraph, there are often easy and difficult. We can roughly grasp the meaning of the article, the sense of language will be able to disconnect the first disconnect, gradually narrow the scope, and then focus on analyzing the difficult sentences.
This is a method of first easy and then difficult. For example, you can break the sentences that are easy to distinguish first according to some obvious signs (such as the imaginary words and dialogues mentioned below).
In addition, we also need to have a sense of the whole text, to the places that are not easy to break, in connection with the meaning of the context, carefully scrutinize, to determine the appropriate place to break the sentence. 3. Holding on to the words "said", "cloud" and "speech", the dialog is most likely to be found.
When the characters' dialogues are narrated in Chinese, the words "曰", "云", "言" and so on are often used, which provides a convenient way to break sentences correctly. When encountering "said", "cloud", "speech" and other words, we can easily determine the speaker and the content of what is said according to the context.
Such as the Guangdong volume in the "historian said". 4. Commonly used false words are signs and more regular for reference.
In the Chinese language, there are a lot of false words like "之乎者也", and Ouyang Xiu's The Story of Drunken Master's Pavilion uses twenty-seven "也 "字, and at the end of almost every sentence, he uses the word "also", which has been widely recognized as a beautiful word. The word "also" was used at the end of almost every sentence, which was rumored to be a beautiful story. The main role of the Chinese dummy words is to indicate grammatical relations and tone of voice, which is often an important sign of clear identification of sentence reading.
We are familiar with the use of various types of common false words in the study, especially in their usual position in the sentence to help break the sentence: ① the tone of voice at the beginning of the sentence, "its, cover, only, Qa, and the husband, and the husband, if the husband," and so on in front of the sentence, often used at the beginning of the sentence of the relative independence of the exclamation, such as contend for the husband, contend for the, woo-hoo, etc., before and after the sentence can break; ② the tone of voice at the end of the sentence, "its, cover, only, qa, and the husband, and the husband, if the husband", etc. ② the end of the sentence tone words "also, carry on, yeah, yeah, where, where, Ruoxi, ear, just" and so on behind the sentence can be broken; ③ some commonly used in the beginning of the sentence of the correlation words, such as "Gou," "even" "Therefore", "so", "to make", "however", "no matter what". "if" "so" "so that" "however" "no matter" "to if" "so that" "so that" "and" "even if" Most of the words in front of "however" can be broken; ④ often at the beginning of the sentence of the time words, such as "a while ago", "to the", "a few days ago ", "has been", "Ssu", "both", "Russia", etc., can also help break sentences. help break sentences. For example, the Qing people Peng Duanshu's "for the study of a song to show his son and nephew": "The world is difficult or easy? For, then the difficult is also easy; not for, then the easy is also difficult.
My capital's fainting does not catch people also, my material's mediocrity does not catch people also; Dan Dan and learn, long and not idle, so far as to become, but also do not know its fainting and mediocrity also. My capital of smart times people also, my material of sensitive times people also; discarded and not used, its and fainting and mediocre is not different.
Then, the use of the faint and the clever and the sensitive, is not there always?" This text is quite typical. The whole paragraph*** has seventeen sentences and uses seventeen punctuation marks.
Among them, the end of the sentence to become a sign of sentence breaks intonation words *** eleven ("Hu" "Carry on" "also" "Where? ", """哉"), three conjunctions and agglutinative constructions*** ("则"""而"""然则 "), two pronouns ("of"), and one intonation at the beginning of a sentence ("wouldn't", which some people call a modal adverb). Of course, we in the grasp of the virtual word mark break, but also pay attention to the flexibility, such as "born before me, its hear the way also, solid first to me, I thus the teacher of the" sentence, "to" used in the sentence with the "in the", is a preposition, a preposition, a preposition, a preposition, a preposition, and a preposition, a preposition. ", is a preposition, lexical change.
"also", used in the sentence to ease the tone, can point off, but also can not point off. 5. Specialized sentence patterns can be mastered, and fixed structures should not be broken up.
Remember the following customary sentence patterns of the literary language, such as: "Why ...... have" (Song why sin?); "If ...... have" (Song why sin?); "If ...... have" (Song why sin?). ; "such as ...... He" (such as Taihang Wangya He?) ; "Only ...... is ......" (唯余马首是瞻); "Not only ... ...or also ......" (not only the time of the day, or also people's plans.) ; "Not also ...... hu" (not also say hu?) ; "What ...... for" (Qin is not polite, why do you give it to him?) ; "There is no such thing as ...... hu (There is no such thing as not being able to do so?). (Is it possible to hear the first thing?); "Is it possible to get the second thing? (Is it possible to hear the first?); "Is it possible that there is no ......? etc., which can help break sentences.
Memorizing the phrases that are customarily fixed in the literary language and not breaking them up can reduce the errors in sentence breakage. Such as "some", "nothing", "have to", "not to", "thought", "why? "what" "who" "if" "to" "enough" "to have no" "not to be" "why" "so" "then " etc.
6. The meaning of words should be studied carefully, and the grammatical structure helps to judge. The ancients did not know the grammatical structure, but only with a vague sense of language to break sentences.
We can use the knowledge of grammar to analyze the grammar of the sentences of the literary text, and determine how to break sentences based on the grammatical analysis. It is sometimes difficult to determine whether some words in the text are genitive or subjunctive, but it is easy to resolve when using grammatical knowledge to divide subject, predicate and object.
As in modern Chinese, the subject and object of a literary text are usually nouns or pronouns, and the predicate is mostly a verb, which is the core of the sentence, so we just need to grasp the predicate verb, and infer according to the position of the verb and the relationship between the words before and after it, which will improve the accuracy of sentence breaking.
In addition, the language order and modern language order is basically the same, that is, the subject in the front, the predicate, object in the back, modifier - generally in the center of the word before.
If you master the rules of literary order, you will lay the foundation for accurate punctuation of literary texts. It can be seen that grammatical analysis can help to accurately break sentences.
7. Proportionate couplets and repetitions, rhetoric provides good conditions; the same words are closely linked, the general center point break. The ancient people wrote articles, very much. In other words, "read and understand" is a prerequisite.
Do "read and understand" and need to usually master the virtual word real words, word usage, word use, special sentence structure and other basic knowledge of the language as the basis, but also have a relative knowledge of history, probably know the original involved in the official position, characters, events, allusions and so on. These are completely rely on the usual more original work to lay the foundation.
Specifically, how to break a sentence for a literary text?
When you get a piece of the original text without punctuation, try to read it over and over again until you think you "get it", and then try to punctuate it, and then check it again and again, taste, and correct the mistakes. When encountering words that you are not sure of, look up the dictionary and compare the most appropriate meanings of the words from a number of words. And be good at spotting inverted sentences, the use of words, and so on, until it is accurate.
The following is an example of a passage from the original Ear and Food Record.
In the "Ear Food Record - clothes work", there is a paragraph:
Hangzhou Wushan commonly called the city god on the mountain gossip stone leaning against the city overlooking the river wind and waves thousands of miles of Feng Huang Qin look out of the great view of the first Tanshai from the venerable Nanchang Xiangguo Hengwen two Zhejiang, when the painting boat buckskin to explore strange and pick the winners, but only did not taste one to the so-called gossip stone
First of all, according to the above requirements, read again and again. After the basic reading, you can try to punctuate.
1, the first place names, names, sentence end auxiliary, etc., with a comma from the back of the point out:
Hangzhou Wushan, commonly known as the City God Mountain, on the gossip stone, leaning on the city overlooking the river wind and waves thousands of miles of Feng Huang Qin Wang and outside of the great view of this, the first Tanshai from the venerable Nanchang Xiangguo Hengwen two Zhejiang, when the painting of a boat buckskin to explore the strange and pick the victory, and the only did not try to one of the so-called gossip stone.
2, check the content between the two commas, according to the idiom of the language to split sentences, continue to punctuate with a comma:
Hangzhou Wushan, commonly known as Chenghuangshan, on the bagua stone, leaning against the city overlooking the river, wind and waves for thousands of miles, the Fenghuang Qinwang and outside, this is its great view, the first Tanzhai from its honored person Nanchang Xiangguo Hengwen in the two zhejiang when the boat buckskin, to explore the strange and pick out the victorious and the only have not tasted a so-called Bagua Stone,
3, the text really do not understand the words, find information:
Feng Huang Qinwang - Feng Huang Mountain and Qinwang Mountain. Can be separated by a pause;
初坦斋--查资料，"Tan Zhai" is a person's name, Peng Tan Zhai, the word Xiang Cui. Author of the Qing dynasty state and county names in a hurry. At this point, the person's name in front of the "first" out.
So get: Hangzhou Wushan, commonly known as Chenghuangshan, on the gossip stone, leaning against the city overlooking the river, the wind and waves of thousands of miles, Feng Huang, Qin Wang and outside, this is also a great view of the beginning, Tanzai from its honored people Nanchang Xiangguo Hengwen two Zhejiang, the painting boat buckskin, to explore the strange and pick the victory, but only have not tasted the so-called gossip stone,
4, continue to taste the readings, the complete sentence after the comma changed to a period, and finally finish the sentence breaks:
Hangzhou Wushan, commonly known as City God Mountain. On the gossip stone, leaning against the city overlooking the river, wind and waves for thousands of miles. Feng Huang, Qin Wang and outside, this is its great view. At the beginning, Tanzai from its honored people Nanchang Xiangguo Hengwen two Zhejiang, the boat buckskin, explore the strange and pick wins, but only have not tasted one to the so-called gossip stone.
The meaning of this paragraph is:
Hangzhou Wushan, commonly known as Chenghuangshan. On the gossip stone, leaning against the city overlooking the Qiantang River, the wind and waves for thousands of miles. In addition to Fenghuang Mountain and Qinwang Mountain, this is the most famous attraction. Previously, Peng Tanzai with his father, Nanchang Xiangguo Peng Wenqin, when the governor of Zhejiang, swimming boat across the buckskin, to explore the wonders and attractions, but the only one who has never been to the so-called gossip stone.
7. What are the techniques for sentence breaksThere are six major techniques for sentence breaks in the literary language. There are six major aspects:
1. Understand the meaning of the text according to the notes and punctuation, and grasp the natural pause within the sentence;
2. Master the characteristics of the words of the literary text (for example, some two-syllable words in modern Chinese are two monosyllabic words in the literary text, which need to be read separately), and read the right words;
3. Analyze the structure of the sentence with the help of grammatical knowledge in order to read the right pause, <
a, the main predicate need to pause,
b, verb-object phrase, the verb-object should pause,
c, the preposition of the object, before it should pause,
d, the object before the subject of its after the subject of the pause should be a little bit between the pause,
e, turn before the conjunction of a little bit of a pause,
f, to take over the indicative of the pronouns to pause after the pause,
< p> g, according to the tone of auxiliary words to determine the rhythm of the pause;4, some expressed argument, inference, rhetorical tone of the sentence, if the front of the "夫", "盖", "its " and other words, these words should be followed by a slight pause;
5, partial phrases and prepositional phrases generally do not pause, otherwise it will affect the general idea of the article;
6, special instructions,
a, to understand the ancient country, year, official position, place names, as well as the names of people, so as to avoid pause errors,
b, the pause should reflect the omission of the parts,
c. Words indicating time and direction should also be followed by a slight pause.
It should be noted that:
1. In the specific division of rhythmic pause, do not be too trivial;
2. Can not be copied rigidly, but in context, repeated reading, in full and correct understanding of the meaning of the sentence on the basis of the correct position of the pause can be found.
8. How to break a sentence in ChineseTo break a sentence in Chinese is traditionally called "sentence reading".
The ability to recognize sentence reading is the most basic ability to read ancient texts.
The basis of sentence breaking lies in the comprehension of the whole text.
Therefore, before breaking the sentence to read through a few times, and strive to have a general understanding of the content of the whole text, will be able to break the first break, gradually narrow the scope, and then focus on analyzing the difficult to break the sentence and the context of the connection. In the break, should also pay attention to the genre of the article, the language style, the integrity of the sentence with or without.
The use of punctuation should be standardized and the same as the use of modern Chinese punctuation. The use of punctuation is the same as that of modern Chinese. Strengthening recitation and enhancing the sense of language will help a lot in breaking sentences and punctuation.
In addition to this, sentence breaks can also follow the following rules: (1), find nouns (pronouns), sentence reading. As in modern Chinese, nouns (pronouns) are often used as the subject and object of a sentence, so if you find a noun or pronoun that appears repeatedly in the text, you can basically break the sentence.
(2), look at the imaginary words, the sentence reading. The ancients wrote articles without punctuation.
They were able to identify the sentence reading, and the false words became an important symbol. Especially before and after the tone words and some conjunctions, often the place where the sentence is broken. According to this feature, it is helpful to find out the imaginary words.
(3), find the top of the real, fixed sentence reading. The most common form in the Chinese language.
Sentences follow each other back to back, and the word that is the object of the first sentence is the subject of the second sentence. For example, "Fearfulness leads to the storage of thoughts, and the storage of thoughts leads to the false sight of the eyes."
(Wang Chong, "booking ghosts") According to this feature, we can also determine the sentence reading. (4), according to the row of couples, determine the sentence reading.
A platitude, couplet, symmetry is the most common rhetorical method in the literary language. Sentence neat, four or six sentences more, and is a major linguistic feature of the language.
This feature, in turn, provides a convenient way to break sentences. （
This feature also provides a convenient way to break sentences.
In the literary language, there is also often a total division, sub-total form, according to which you can also break the sentence. (6), dialogues, quotations, sentence reading.
Dialogues, quotes in the Chinese language, commonly used "said", "cloud" as a sign, the two dialogues, generally in the first question and answer to write out the name of the person, and then only use "said" and put the The subject is omitted. When encountering a dialog, you should judge the questioner and the answerer according to the context, and clearly identify the sentence reading.
(7), the repetition, the sentence reading. Repetition, especially interval repetition, is also a common rhetorical method in the literary language.
For example, in Zou Ji's Satire of the King of Qi, the phrase "Who am I to be compared with the beauty of Xu Gong in the north of the city" has been repeated many times, which also provides a powerful help to break the sentence.