History of Ping Shan

Pingshan County is located in the foothills of the Taihang Mountains in the western part of Hebei Province. The total area is 2951 square kilometers (compendium)/2648 square kilometers. The total population is 450,000 (2003)

History

Tang Yao's Pingshan belonged to the Jizhou land, Yu and Shun when it belonged to the land and the state, the Eastern Han Dynasty belonged to the Changshan country, the Three Kingdoms tripod belonged to the Changshan County, the Sui Dynasty, belonging to the beginning of the county of Hengshan, and later belonged to the county of Fangshan, the Tang Dynasty, Suzong Jide first year (756 years), and take the two names of the Xiping, Fangshan set Pingshan County.

In 2000, Ping Shan County has 10 towns and 13 townships under its jurisdiction. The total population of 444,084 people, the townships and townships Population: Pingshan Township 97949 Donghuishe Township 35766 Wintang Township 20865 Nandian Township 21634 Gangnan Township 29382 in the month of the town of 20969 under the acacia township 17073 Mengjiazhuang Township 7799 Xiaojue Township 18080 Jiaotanzhuang Township 8203 West Daiguo Township 20204 on the three Kapit Township 21841 Two Rivers Township 18844 Dongwangpo Township 21472 Sujiazhuang Township 79644 East Wangpo Township 21472 Sujiazhuang Township 7968 Dubei Township 12500 Xibaipo Township 5993 Beiye Township 18177 Xiakou Township 8713 Shangguanyintang Township 5220 Yangjiaqiao Township 9191 Yingli Township 10557 Hehekou Township 5684 (based on the fifth population census data; unit: people)

? In 2007, Pingshan County has 10 towns and 13 townships, 717 villages and 2 community neighborhood committees.

Pingshan Township: 2 communities of Qiaodong and Qiaoxi; Dongjie, Dongguan, Beijie, Xijie, Nanjie, Nanguan, Wangzi, Nanjabi, Zhongjabi, Beijabi, Hecun, Gaochun, Dongzhuang, Xin'an, Chuanfang, Zhengjiazhuang, Dongshuimian, Shengfo, Beishibashi, Beijhuangtou, Puguo, Xiqueti, Beiyiye, Zhongyiyiye, Nanyiyiye, Dongquiti, Rizhuang, Tizhuang, Dongye, Mengbao, Xishuimian, Xichun village , Xizhuang, Xishiqiao, Nanshanpo, Yanbu, Nanshiqiao, Qimu, North Xijiao, South Xijiao, West Yiyang, East Yiyang, Meng Xianbi, Yanzhuang, Wangmu, Lijiazhuang, North Bailou, South Bailou, Middle Bailou, Hongzidian, Wang Ping, North Donghuangnian, South Zeyang, North Zeyang, Donggangshang, Yang Xiyie, Ding Xijie, Song Xiyie, Misiyang, Fan Xiyie, Liu Jiahui, South Donghuangnian, Mengjiazhuang Village Committee

Donghuishang Township: Donghuishang, Nanwanglou, Wuli, Nanzhuang, Dongwanglou, Beiwanglou, Zhangqi, Wangjiazhuang, Dongfangsu, Zhongzhongsu, Meng'erzhuang, Fengcheng, Gaojiazhuang, Nampozhuang, Baitaipo, Xihuishang, GuoSuXinSheng, Xigangshang, Nanshui, Beishui, Beigou, Beixizhuang, Hexi, Dongsuzhuang, Xisuzizhuang, Dongzhuang, Houjiazhuang, Chaizhuang, Tuntou, Hujiazhuang, Sijiakeng, Zhangjiazhuang, GuoBaipo, Hongzidian , West Huangni, Caojiazhuang

Wintang Township: Wintang, South Luohuan, North Luohuan, South Bank, North Bank, Xingjiagou, Bukai, South Majia, North Mazuka, Jingjiazhuang, Mashaguchi, Taitou, Mijiazhuang, Xinzhuang, Bailailou, Cuijiagou, Lijiagou, Loumengang, Xingjiagou, Jiaojiazhuang, Xinmiyu, Dachanzhuang, Zhongchengzhuang, Lutai, Kangjiachun, Shekianggou, Wenshiigou, Hougou, Banshan, Hantai, Quebrai Terrace, Dujiagou, Yangshuwan, South Honganzhai, North Honganzhai, Bailongchi, West Huangni, East Mashekou, Damiyu, Xiaomiayu, Tianjing, Shuiyuhe, Qingyangshu

Nandian Township: Nandian, Potou, West Jiaopo, North Jiaopo, Jiaojiatong, Jieyu, Li Liwu, Kangzhuang, Qijiakan, Nanceseong, Xingjia Au, Dongzhuang, North Bailian, Weijiayuan, Northzhuang, Shijiajiazhuang, Yandzitou, Xiyangzhuang, Shi Baiyan, Wu Baiyan, Geng Baiyan, Su Baiyan, Cao Yu, Jiangjiahe, Yulin, Xinzhuang, Heimutian, Pari, West Xianggongzhuang, East Xianggongzhuang, Hanhuhe, East Yangzhuang, Gaijiatong Zhaixiang, Nanzhuang, Shuiyi, Xin Ao Baldy

Mengjiazhuang Town: Mengjiazhuang, Beiping, Yuanfang, Laofen, West Baixianhong, East Baixianhong, Zhangjiachuan, Caojiazhuang, Dalinggou, Shimzhuang, Shangzhuang, Weidi, Shangwendu, Tuban, Mukou, Shiban, Liumuyuan, Liujiawan, Diaoyutai, Xiaji, Shunchaogou, Six West Bank

Zhongguyue Township: Zhongguyue, Caishuwan, Yangou, Putuoan, Temple Nanshi, South Shimizhai, Dadi, Turning Mouth, Taoke, Nanhu, Beihu, Liujiagou, Ximashekou, North Shimizhai, Donghongzidian, Xi Hongziadian, Muzawen, Baijiazhuang, Caojiazhuang, Heishan Mountain Ri, Shagou, Purple Hill, South Apricot Garden, South Taohang, Silkworm Zhai, Wanzi, Xiwangzhuang, Shibanggou, Xibanshi, Nanbanshi, Shiliping, Dongbanshi, Dongwangzhuang, Zhuanggou, Tianjiashi, Niuju, Fengshanggou, Xidiao, Dongidiao, Qianmotou, Shijigou, Huilonggou, Lower Disheveled River, Upper Disheveled River, Tiegou, Zhanluyi, Sungjiakou, Songjiagou, Houmotou

Xiwuai Township: Xiwuai, Bailing, Yujiagou, Liusigou, Lijiagou, Li Jiakou, Nanwendou, Wangjiakou Kou, Nanwendu, Wangjiagou, Meijiagou, Tangjiagou, Donghuangni, Lower Liujiaping, Shuijia, Two Forks, Shangliu, Lower Liu, Temple Gully, Jiantoukou, Dongcangfanggou, East Bank, West Bank, Former Gudao, Zhaojiajiazhuang, Silkworm Zhai, Upper Liujiaping, Luojiahui, Pangjiapu, Lower Xiyu, Upper Xiyu, Changsang, Xihuangni, Xigou, Mawei

Dongguanan Township: Donggannan, Xigaonan, GuoSu, Shangjiayan, Hujiajiajui, Xia Fengliang, Shangjiangu Tsui, lower Fengliang, upper Fengliang, Hanzhuang, expert ditch, Shibenyu, Lijiazhuang, Triangle Village, Huobintai, Huobeizhuang, Huonanzhuang, Hongcao Au, Lengquan, Liangjiaoyao, Chengzigou, Xihegou, Yanchangyu, Suichanyu, Wangchangyu, Huaichangyu, Hongtushan, Zhuhao, Huoxizhuang, East Zhuhao, Jijiagou, Matong, Louzijian, Nanshidian, Wujiazhuang, Zhongshidian, Wangjiaoyao, Beishidian, Mawan, Zhuangzihe, Gushigou, Guro, Fujiagou, Shijiagou, Guojiazhuang, Mayu

Mosquito Tanzhuang Town: Mosquito Tanzhuang, Zhaibei, North Fly Gully Gully, Tulou, Lijia Bank, Jia Bank, Huangjia Gully, Zandao Shi, Dong Zaoyuan, Shimajian, Shangjiajian, Yingpandian, Smallpox Leung, East Reed Garden, You Reed Garden, Shui Jiao Gully, Killing Counter Gully, Shimajiaowo, Shanglongwuo, South Fly Gully Gully, Sidao Wo, Muyue, Tasang, Xididi, Cavity, Yaowen, ballast horse, Sangyuankou, Seed Field, Grandma Temple, Taibao Ling, Single Fork Gully

Xidagwu Township: Xidagwu, Dongxiaoqi, Xidiaoqi, East Lijiazhuang, Fenxu Dazi, Dongbaipo, Wanjiazhuang, West Lijiazhuang, Konchou, Dongdaigwu, Dongyanking, Jieyu, Xiyanking, Tiansing, Mijiagou, Zhuofang, Dongrong Village, Xiyrong Village, Zhongrong Village, Beirong Village, Nanyrong Village, Jijiagou, Wangdaqi

Shangsanji Township: Shangsanji, Zhangjiamiao, Beibaijiashan, Dakangjie, Hequ, Pubei, Poji, Mujiazhuang, Zhaojiashan, Kangjia, Langjia, Tianying, Dongbaijiashan, Zaowu, Xijinshan, Rujiazhuang, Zhaijiazhuang, Chuanfang, Houjie, Dongmiaotou, Liuyang Village, Shanyang Village, Shimousanji, Segou, Zhongqiqi, Nanqiqi, Beijiqi

Xiehe Township: Xiehe, Chengkouhe, Mijiazhan, Xidong, Miscellaneous Cave, Xilipo, Zhuanggou, Donglipo, Nanbaiyan, Hujiatong, Lujiazhuang, Shanbeitou, Shantou, Putao, Wangjiazhuang, Zhangyang Village, Xiyue Village, Dongyue Village, Ximiaotou, Guocun, Tongjiakou, Xinshuimian, Hucun

Dongwangpo Township: Dongwangpo, Xiwangpo, Beicetseong, Xishenggou, Yidantou, Dongshenggou, Kongjiazhuang, Anli, Guqingshantan, Erqingshantan, Jiachenghu, Weaving Gorge The first two are in the same area, and the second is in the same area, and the third is in the same area, West Hongling North, Shanmen, chaotic springs, Fengjiagou, Houjiazhuang, Fenggouliang, Zhangjiazhuang, Shushi

Zhaibei Township: Zhaibei, Quanshui, Mianpanggou, Xiaobeitou, Dacun, Loudi, Shigudong, Hangli, Shiban, Chenjiyuan, Jiaojiagou, Liangjiaofeng, Huikou, Wangjiawan, the main casting gully, the north Rolling Dragon Gully, the south Rolling Dragon Gully, Yushuping, the south of the Danyu, the hundred lawn

Xibaipo Township: Xibaipo, Nanzhuang, Beizhuang, Xigou, Liangjiagou, Dongbaipo, Chenjiayu, Gaijiayu, Beri, Jieyu, Huojiagou, Lianli, Xipo, Tongjiakou, Youshang, Yanyaogou

Xiakou Township: Xiakou, Shibayan, Artemisia, Yangweping, Cheyanggou, Liyuan, Nailihe, Rolling Palm, Gunfenggou, Shitan, Panli, Pankou, Suezuping, Xinzhuang, Liulingguan, Shangwachang, Shimawachang, Madi, Sanghuangpu, Yangjiaqiao Township: Yangjiaqiao, Dongfangqi, Hexitou, Chenjia, Gouzha, Shuiguan, Dazhuang, Daping, Monkey Axe, Siliupu, Daliushu, Diantou, Gudao, Linyu, Laofenggou, Wangjiyu, Baiyangkou, Yangwangyan, Qianwan, Nanying, Kangzhuang, Nanzhuang, Gongshang, Jishishi, Lingshidong, Gaili, Jiuilipu

Hehekou Township: Hehekou, Paizhihui, Steering, Taohonggou, WaiDahe, LiDahe Gou, Wai Dahe, Li Dahe, Changyu, Xingshuwan, Haojiawa, Songping, Yangdaoling, Yangjiazhuang, Wangjiaping, Longerqing, Guilin, Pingling, Mufang, Zhongtaishan, Maidi, Yandaogou, Shixigou

Beiye Township: Beiye, Hefang, Xiagudao, Shanggudao, Tuling, Luohanping, Shimazhai, West Bank, Cypress Bay, Nanzhi, Donggou, Lishuwan, Yantougou, Yanyaigou, Yanyaizhuang, Zhaojiagou, Qiaodaigou The townships of Wangnanyu, Mijiazhuang, Guandayu, Cheyuangan, Fuyu, Dujiazhuang, Baishuzhuang, Smashdu, Tangjiahui, Xiban, Mupan, Shimitan, Erjiaqing, Jingziyu, Zhuangwang, Huang'an, Gasoline Water, Shiziping, Qiliping, Kejiu, Taya, Qingfeng, and Wicked Rock

Shangguan Yintang Township: Shangguan Yintang, Bashan, Shimian Yintang, Hutagou, Bashiye Gou, Hutarang, Duoyu Gou, Xishaping, and Lidai, Mazigou, Lower Pansong, Upper Pansong, Gouyu, Camel An, Ma Di Gou, Luowan, Chen Bu Gou, Qiubudong, Xingjiawan, Huamu, Daping

Yingli Township: Nanshizhizhuang, Dongping, Pulse Dawling, Baijiakou, West Qilihe, East Qilihe, Sanchuo, Wanli, Banqiaokou, Pidgeon Cliffs, Shatuodi, Xishizhizhuang, Baiganguan, Nanguan, Shichang, Shixiongshan Guan, Qingli, Wafangtou, Songjiaoyao, Taoyuan, Shuimotou, Sanglinkou, Gudu, Shidugou, Shawa, Kihu, Xiangjiao, Helingou, Shentangguan, Gaoshanzhai, Lishuping, Xishaling, Dongshaling

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Townships

(The following is based on information from the Shijiazhuang City Zoning and Geographical Names Website, which was updated in June 2004. Population and other data are not available as of this date. For a list of administrative villages, please refer to the "History" section of this page - www.xzqh.org注)

Pingshan Zhen covers an area of 109 square kilometers and has a population of 76,468 people. The town government is located in Pingshan City, zip code 050400. [District] jurisdiction Nanguan, South Street, etc., a total of **** 63 administrative villages. [History] because it is located in Ping Shan County Town, Ping Shan Town. 1959 for the Cheng Guan Commune, 1961 for the Cheng Guan Working Committee, 1983 Cheng Guan Town, 1988 to the present for the town of Ping Shan.

Donghuishe Town (Donghuishe Zhen) Area 74.47 square kilometers, population 33214. Township government stationed in Meng Erzhuang village, zip code 050400. [District] (original source is missing) [History] because the town's old site is located in the village of Donghuishe and named.

Xibaipo Zhen (Xibaipo Zhen) Area 29.75 square kilometers, population of 1640 people. The town government is located in Chenjiayu Village, zip code 050411. [District] 16 village committees under the jurisdiction. [History] Because it is located in the revolutionary memorial site of Xibaipo, it is called Xibaipo Township. 1956 June set up the township of Xibaipo, 1958 August was renamed the management committee of the Xibaipo People's Commune, during the period of many reforms of the institutions in the county, but still retained the Xibaipo Commune. 1968 April was renamed the Revolutionary Committee of the Xibaipo People's Commune, 1997 (the original source is like this, the correct time needs to be further verified) in July, was renamed Xibaipo People's Commune Management Committee, in February 1984 the establishment of the People's Government of Baipo Township, in March 1988, approved by the provincial government, changed to the township of Xibaipo. in May 2002 was renamed Xibaipo Township.

Xiaojiao Town (Xiaojiao Zhen) Area of 179 square kilometers, population of 18,566 people. The town government is located in Xiaojiao, zip code 050405. [District] jurisdiction 41 village committee. [History] The town of Xiaojiao is named for its location in Xiaojiao. Xiaojue because of the residential terrain inclined, street orientation is not correctly named oblique angle, which later evolved into Xiaojue. 1988 after the withdrawal of the district and township set up Xiaojue township so far.

Wentang Town (Wentang Zhen) area of 96.05 square kilometers, population of 20801 people. The town government is located in Wentang village, zip code 050402. [District] jurisdiction of 43 village committees. [History] named Wentang because of the local underground hot springs. By the liberation of the pre-Wintang Township to the liberation of the Wintang Management District, established in 1958, the People's Commune, the withdrawal of the district in 1989 and the township will be the original horse in the green poplar tree into the Wintang, into the Wintang Township.

Mengjiazhuang Town (Mengjiazhuang Zhen) Area 109.88 square kilometers, population 8403. Township government in Mengjiazhuang village, zip code 050406. [District] 22 village councils under the jurisdiction. [History] the village was founded in the late Yuan dynasty, the first by the Meng moved here to settle, so the name of the family name for Mengjiazhuang, the Ming dynasty period of Meng shepherds sheep rich, known as the "sheep million", after the decline of his family's wealth, cut off the back of the family, the Wang, Zhao two surnames moved to live in succession, is still along the original name. Due to the construction of slate reservoir, some villagers from the original site in 1970 after the ditch slope to build residence, still called the village name Mengjiazhuang.

Xiakou Town (Xiakou Zhen) Area 121.83 square kilometers, population of 8450 people. The town government is located in the village of Xiakou, zip code 050403. [District] jurisdiction of 19 village committees. [History] under the mouth of the village because the southwest has an important pass road to Shanxi province "eighteen plate" the village is located in the disk under the start of the mouth, and thus named under the mouth, under the mouth of the town for the resident under the mouth of the village and the name. 1958 set up a people's commune, under the jurisdiction of the North Metallurgical Commune; 1961 political society, set up the under the mouth of the communes; 1986 set up the under the mouth of the township; In 2002, Xiakou Township was reorganized into Xiakou Town.

Gangnan Township (Gangnan Zhen) is located in the southeastern part of Pingshan County, 20 kilometers away from the county, east and Nandian, two river townships bordering the south and Daguo Township, west of Gangnan Reservoir, north of Sujiazhuang Township. Area of 96.30 square kilometers, population of 28333 people. Township government in xigangnan village, zip code 050408. [District] 44 villages under the jurisdiction. [History] East Gangnam Village was built in the Ming Dynasty, because it is located in the south side of a hillock with the West Gangnam relative to the name, was established in 1961, because the resident in the East Gangnam and named East Gangnam Commune, August 1984 withdrew from the district and the township, will be the original in the Shidian Commune, Huo Bingtai Commune, East Gangnam Commune three in one, because of the center of the East Gangnam Commune, so it is known as the Gangnam Township.

Guyue Town (Guyue Zhen) Area 132.72 square kilometers, population 19728. The town government is located in the ancient month, zip code 050403. [District] jurisdiction of 43 village committees. [History] because of the resident in the ancient month of the name. 1950 was established in the ancient month of the Grand Commune.

Jiaotanzhuang Town (Jiaotanzhuang Zhen) Area 146 square kilometers, population 8436. The town government is located in Jiaotanzhuang village, zip code 050409. [District] 32 villages under the jurisdiction. [History] In 1988, the withdrawal of the district and township, the sang yuan mouth commune, on the dragon nest commune, jiaotanzhuang commune merged into jiaotanzhuang town.

Xiahuai Town (Xiahuai Zhen) Area 139.12 square kilometers, population 18353. The town government is located in Changsang, zip code 050404. [District] 33 village committees under the jurisdiction. [History] because the town government is located in the village under the acacia and named. 1988 after the withdrawal of the district and township set up under the acacia township so far.

Nandian Town (Nandian Zhen) Area 25.54 square kilometers, population 20930. Township government in Nandian village, zip code 050400. [District] under the jurisdiction of 3 village committees (the original source; according to this page "history" for 36). History] The town was named after Nandian Village, where the town is located. After the founding of the country was established Nandian Center District, changed to a people's commune in 1965, set up Nandian Township in 1975, the township was abolished and set up as a town in 1985.

Hehekou Township (Hehekou Xiang) Area 156 square kilometers, population 5735. The township government is stationed in Hehekou, postal code 050409. [District] jurisdiction of the Park branch will be, Steep Ridge, Hehekou, outside the river, in the river, Taohonggou, Changyu, apricot Bay, Songping, Haojiawa, YangDaoLing, YangJiaZhuang, WangJiaPing, LongErQing, the front of the big earth, in the Taishan, wood factory, pingLing, GuiLing, along the road gully, the big west gully. [History] Before 1947, and South Street collectively known as South Street Pass.

Yingli Xiang (Yingli Xiang) Area 234.88 square kilometers, population 10,498. Township government in Yingli village, zip code 050405. [District] 34 administrative villages. [History] named after the resident Yingli Village.

Yangjiaqiao Xiang (Yangjiaqiao Xiang) Area 134.16 square kilometers, population of 6000 people. Township government in Yangjiaqiao village, zip code 050405. [District] 28 village committees. [History] The village is named after the Yang family name, which is predominant in the village. It was formed by the merger of the original Daping Commune, Yangjiaqiao Commune and Diantou Commune.

Beiye Xiang covers an area of 204.10 square kilometers and has a population of 18,062. The township government is located in Beiye Village, postal code 050403. [District] 39 village committees under the jurisdiction. [History] rich in minerals, there are smelters ancient site. 1958 to build a large commune, tower cliff, Tangjiahui, Beiye. 1961 to abolish the large commune, the establishment of the Beiye Commune, tower cliff commune, Tangjiahui commune. 1988 to withdraw the people's commune, the original Beiye Commune, tower cliff commune, Tangjiahui commune merged into the Beiye Township.

Shangguanyintang Township (Shangguanyintang Xiang) Area 110 square kilometers, population 5180 people. The township government is located in the northeast of Shangguanyintang village, zip code 050406. [District] 21 village committees under the jurisdiction. [History] Shang Guanyintang was founded in the early Ming Dynasty, named after the Guanyin Temple built in the south of the village and located on top of the Lower Guanyintang. The name of the township is named because the township government was built here. 1958 Gwangyu People's Commune was established (named after Han Gwangyu Martyr, also known as Han Zengfeng, born in the township of Bent Village). 1966, a management area was set up in the village of Shangguanyintang, and 1961, after the abolition of the Gwangyu Grand Commune, Shangguanyintang People's Commune was established, which is the administrative and social union of the township, and 1988, the township was merged with the Qubdong Commune to set up the township of Shangguanyintang.

Lianghe Xiang covers an area of 46 square kilometers and has a population of 19,334. The township government is located in Lianghe Village, with zip code 050400. 16 village committees are under the jurisdiction of the township. [History] Settled in Nandian River and Hutuo River (ancient river) confluence, so take the village named two rivers. 1958 belongs to the Nandian Grand Commune under the jurisdiction of the two rivers management area, in 1961 the real administrative society, the establishment of the two rivers commune (named for the resident two rivers).

Sujiazhuang Township (Sujiazhuang Xiang) Area 58.90 square kilometers, population 8613. Township government stationed in Sujiazhuang, zip code 050408. [District] jurisdiction of 15 village committees. [History] Sujiazhuang was built in the Song Dynasty, because of the Su family name people first lived in the village and opened the name. Because the village is located in the traffic intersection, 1958 to date, the township government stationed here. 1958, the establishment of the commune stationed here, so the name Su Jiazhuang Commune, 1961, after the abolition of the Grand Commune, the establishment of the Su Jiazhuang Commune. 1984 changed to Su Jiazhuang Township, in August 1988 the withdrawal of the district and the township will be the original Gou Jiazhuang Township, 6 villages merged into Su Jiazhuang Township.

Zhaibei Xiang has an area of 101.19 square kilometers and a population of 13,042. The township government is located in the village of Huikou, zip code 050408. [District] 20 village committees under the jurisdiction. [History] Zhaibei built in the Yuan Dynasty, because the village south of the hilltop, in the Yuan Dynasty had built a mountain fortress, and the name Zhaibei. 1961, the establishment of Zhaibei Commune, in 1982 changed to Zhaibei Township, the township government stationed in Zhaibei.

Shangsanji Xiang has an area of 40.59 square kilometers and a population of 21,625. The township government is located in Mujiazhuang village, zip code 050400. [District] 27 village committees under the jurisdiction. [History] 1961 when the upper three Kap Commune, was established in 1958 Nandian Grand Commune system reorganization, the actual administration of social unity after the establishment of a separate commune, because the commune is located in the village of the upper three Kap, so the name.

West Da Wu Township (Xidaiwu Xiang) Area 39.29 square kilometers, population of 20104 people. The township government is located in Xidaiwu Village, zip code 050400. [District] 23 villages under the jurisdiction. [History] Xidaiwu Xiang because of the government stationed in Xidaiwu village named. 1958 belongs to the east back to the She Commune under the jurisdiction of the community, in 1961 the real administration of the community together, system reform, only to be separated from the establishment of a separate communal